Editing Amsterdam (section)

==Economy==
[[File:Beursplein 5 (cropped and edited).jpg|thumb|left|250px|The [[Amsterdam Stock Exchange]], the oldest stock exchange in the world]]
[[File:ZuidasAmsterdamNederland2011.jpg|thumb|left|250px|The [[Zuidas]], the city's main business district]]
Amsterdam is the financial and business capital of the Netherlands.<ref name="ez">{{Cite web |title=Amsterdam – Economische Zaken |url=http://www.ez.amsterdam.nl/page.php?menu=24&page=6 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080608143058/http://www.ez.amsterdam.nl/page.php?page=6&menu=24 |archive-date=8 June 2008 |access-date=22 May 2008 |language=nl}}</ref>
According to the 2007 [[European Cities Monitor]] (ECM) – an annual location survey of Europe's leading companies carried out by global real estate consultant [[Cushman & Wakefield]] – Amsterdam is one of the top European cities in which to locate an [[international business]], ranking fifth in the survey.<ref name="eubusiness">{{Cite web |title=European Cities Monitor 2007 |url=http://www.iamsterdam.com/press_room/press_releases_0/2007/european_cities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080108130938/http://www.iamsterdam.com/press_room/press_releases_0/2007/european_cities |archive-date=8 January 2008 |access-date=11 June 2008 |publisher=I Amsterdam |language=nl}}</ref> with the survey determining London, Paris, [[Frankfurt]] and [[Barcelona]] as the four European cities surpassing Amsterdam in this regard.

A substantial number of large corporations and banks' headquarters are located in the Amsterdam area, including: [[AkzoNobel]], [[Heineken International]], [[ING Group]], [[ABN AMRO]], [[TomTom]], [[Delta Lloyd Group]], [[Booking.com]] and [[Philips]]. Although many small offices remain along the [[Canals of Amsterdam|historic canals]], centrally based companies have increasingly relocated outside [[Amsterdam-Centrum|Amsterdam's city centre]]. Consequently, the [[Zuidas]] (English: South Axis) has become the new financial and legal hub of Amsterdam,<ref name="zuidas">{{Cite web |title=Zuidas |url=http://www.zuidas.nl/smartsite.dws?id=1044&curindex=2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224035945/http://www.zuidas.nl/smartsite.dws?id=1044&curindex=2 |archive-date=24 December 2007 |access-date=22 May 2008 |language=nl}}</ref> with the country's five largest law firms and several subsidiaries of large consulting firms, such as [[Boston Consulting Group]] and [[Accenture]], as well as the [[World Trade Center (Amsterdam)|World Trade Centre (Amsterdam)]] located in the [[Zuidas]] district. In addition to the Zuidas, there are three smaller [[Central business district|financial districts]] in Amsterdam:

*around [[Amsterdam Sloterdijk railway station]]. Where one can find the offices of several newspapers, such as ''[[De Telegraaf]].'' as well as those of [[Deloitte]], the [[Gemeentelijk Vervoerbedrijf]] (municipal public transport company), and the [[Tax and Customs Administration|Dutch tax offices]] (''Belastingdienst'');
*around the [[Johan Cruyff Arena]] in [[Amsterdam Zuidoost]], with the headquarters of [[ING Group]];
*around the [[Amsterdam Amstel railway station|Amstel railway station]] in the [[Amsterdam-Oost]] district to the east of the historical city. Amsterdam's [[List of tallest buildings and structures in the world|tallest building]], the [[Rembrandt Tower]], is located here.<ref name="rembrandtoren">{{Cite web |title=Rembrandt Tower |url=http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/ci/bu/sk/li/?id=100759&bt=2&ht=2&sro=0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101225001215/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/ci/bu/sk/li/?id=100759&bt=2&ht=2&sro=0 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=25 December 2010 |access-date=22 May 2008}}</ref> As are the headquarters of [[Philips]], the Dutch multinational conglomerate.<ref name="philips">{{Cite web |title=Philips |url=http://www.philips.nl/about/index.page |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527081538/http://www.philips.nl/about/index.page |archive-date=27 May 2008 |access-date=22 May 2008 |language=nl}}</ref> Amsterdam has been a leading city to reduce the use of [[raw material]]s and has created a plan to become a [[Circular economy|circular city]] by 2050.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amsterdam |title=Policy: Circular economy |url=https://www.amsterdam.nl/en/policy/sustainability/circular-economy/|access-date=12 October 2021 |website=English site |language=en}}</ref>

The adjoining municipality of [[Amstelveen]] is the location of [[KPMG|KPMG International]]'s global headquarters. Other non-Dutch companies have chosen to settle in communities surrounding Amsterdam since they allow [[Freehold (law)|freehold]] property ownership, whereas Amsterdam retains [[ground rent]].

The [[Amsterdam Stock Exchange]] (AEX), now part of [[Euronext]], is the world's oldest stock exchange and, due to [[Brexit]], has overtaken [[London Stock Exchange|LSE]] as the largest bourse in Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nos.nl/artikel/2368308-amsterdam-na-brexit-ineens-beurshoofdstad-van-europa.html |title=Amsterdam na Brexit ineens beurshoofdstad van Europa|trans-title=Amsterdam after Brexit suddenly bourse capital of Europe |language=Dutch |date=11 February 2021|access-date=23 February 2021}}</ref> It is near [[Dam Square]] in the city centre.

===Port of Amsterdam===
The [[Port of Amsterdam]] is the fourth-largest port in Europe, the 38th largest port in the world, and the second-largest port in the Netherlands by metric tons of cargo. In 2014, the Port of Amsterdam had a cargo throughput of 97,4&nbsp;million tons of cargo, which was mostly [[bulk cargo]]. Amsterdam has the biggest cruise port in the Netherlands with more than 150 cruise ships every year. In 2019, the new lock in [[IJmuiden]] opened; since then, the port has been able to grow to 125&nbsp;million tonnes in capacity.

===Tourism===
{{Main|List of tourist attractions in Amsterdam}}
[[File:Wim Sonneveld tour boat, Rederij Lovers, Amsterdam-9218.jpg|thumb|Boats give tours of the city, such as this one in front of the [[EYE Film Institute Netherlands]].]]
[[File:Intercontinental Amstel, Amsterdam (25674398563).jpg|thumb|The [[InterContinental Amstel Amsterdam]], commonly referred to as the Amstel Hotel located on the east bank of the river Amstel]].
Amsterdam is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Europe, receiving more than 5.34&nbsp;million international visitors annually; this is excluding the 16&nbsp;million day-trippers visiting the city every year.<ref name="ams2009">{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Key Figures Amsterdam 2009: Tourism |url=http://www.os.amsterdam.nl/tabel/13871/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501140135/http://www.os.amsterdam.nl/tabel/13871/ |archive-date=1 May 2011 |access-date=30 September 2009 |publisher=City of Amsterdam Department for Research and Statistics}}</ref> The number of visitors has been growing steadily over the past decade. This can be attributed to an increasing number of European visitors. Two-thirds of the hotels are located in the city's centre.<ref name="Maps of the Netherlands">{{Cite web |date=June 2020 |title=Tourist Map Amsterdam |url=https://kaartnederland.net/images/cities/Amsterdam_tourisme_plattegrond.jpg}}</ref> Hotels with four or five stars contribute 42% of the total beds available and 41% of the overnight stays in Amsterdam. The room occupation rate was 85% in 2017, up from 78% in 2006.<ref name="Dutch Hotel City Index 2019">{{Cite web |date=June 2019 |title=Dutch Hotel City Index 2019 |url=https://www.hospitalitynet.org/file/152008684.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.hospitalitynet.org/file/152008684.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TourismReport">{{Cite web |last1=Fedorova, T |last2=Meijer, R |date=January 2007 |title=Toerisme in Amsterdam 2006/2007 |url=http://www.os.amsterdam.nl/pdf/2008_toerisme_in_amsterdam.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528004444/http://www.os.amsterdam.nl/pdf/2008_toerisme_in_amsterdam.pdf |archive-date=28 May 2008 |access-date=22 May 2008 |language=nl}}</ref> The majority of tourists (74%) originate from Europe. The largest group of non-European visitors come from the United States, accounting for 14% of the total.<ref name="TourismReport" /> Certain years have a theme in Amsterdam to attract extra tourists. For example, the year 2006 was designated "Rembrandt 400", to celebrate the 400th birthday of [[Rembrandt|Rembrandt van Rijn]]. Some hotels offer special arrangements or activities during these years. The average number of guests per year staying at the four campsites around the city ranges from 12,000 to 65,000.<ref name="TourismReport" />

In 2023, the city began running a campaign to dissuade British men between the ages of 18 and 35 from coming to the city as tourists. The ad shows young men being handcuffed by police and is part of a new campaign to clean up the city's reputation.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Holligan |first1=Anna |date=29 March 2023 |title=Amsterdam launches stay away ad campaign targeting young British men |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-65107405 |access-date=29 March 2023 |language=en-GB}}</ref> On 25 May 2023, in a bid to crackdown on wild tourist behaviour, the city banned weed smoking in public areas in and around the red light district.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Boztas |first=Senay |date=25 May 2023 |title='Potheads, go giggle elsewhere': public weed ban begins in Amsterdam |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/25/amsterdam-public-weed-smoking-ban-begins |access-date=25 May 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

====De Wallen (red-light district)====
{{Anchor|Red light district}}
{{Main|De Wallen}}
[[File:Red-light district of Amsterdam by day. 2012.JPG|thumb|right|[[De Wallen]], Amsterdam's [[Red-light district]], offers activities such as legal [[Prostitution in the Netherlands|prostitution]] and a number of [[Coffeeshop (Netherlands)|coffee shops]] that sell [[Cannabis (drug)|cannabis]]. It is one of the main tourist attractions.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=csX0f7AVM3gC&pg=PA705 |title=Sex and Society |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-7614-7908-6 |pages=705–}}</ref>]]
De Wallen, also known as Walletjes or Rosse Buurt, is a designated area for [[Prostitution in the Netherlands|legalised prostitution]] and is Amsterdam's largest and best-known [[red-light district]]. This neighbourhood has become a famous attraction for tourists. It consists of a network of canals, streets, and alleys containing several hundred small, one-room apartments rented by [[sex worker]]s who offer their services from behind a window or glass door, typically illuminated with red lights. In recent years, the city government has been closing and repurposing the famous red-light district windows to clean up the area and reduce the amount of party and sex tourism.

===Retail===
Shops in Amsterdam range from large high-end department stores such as {{Lang|nl|[[De Bijenkorf]]|italic=no}} founded in 1870 to small specialty shops. Amsterdam's high-end shops are found in the streets [[P.C. Hooftstraat]]<ref name="hoof_cite">{{Cite web |title=PC Hooftstraat World's Third Nicest Shopping Street |url=https://www.dutchamsterdam.nl/2160-amsterdams-pc-hooftstraat-worlds-third-best-shopping-street |website=dutchamsterdam |date=18 January 2012}}</ref> and ''Cornelis Schuytstraat'', which are located in the vicinity of the [[Vondelpark]]. One of Amsterdam's busiest high streets is the narrow, medieval [[Kalverstraat]] in the heart of the city. Other shopping areas include the ''Negen Straatjes'' and Haarlemmerdijk and Haarlemmerstraat. ''Negen Straatjes'' are nine narrow streets within the ''Grachtengordel'', the concentric canal system of Amsterdam. The Negen Straatjes differ from other shopping districts with the presence of a large diversity of privately owned shops. The Haarlemmerstraat and Haarlemmerdijk were voted the best shopping street in the Netherlands in 2011. These streets have as the ''Negen Straatjes'' a large diversity of privately owned shops. However, as the ''Negen Straatjes'' is dominated by fashion stores, the Haarlemmerstraat and Haarlemmerdijk offer a wide variety of stores, just to name some specialties: candy and other food-related stores, lingerie, sneakers, wedding clothing, interior shops, books, Italian deli's, racing and mountain bikes, skatewear, etc.{{Original research inline|date=March 2023}}

The city also features a large number of open-air markets such as the [[Albert Cuyp Market]], Westerstraat-markt, Ten Katemarkt, and [[Dappermarkt]]. Some of these markets are held daily, like the Albert Cuypmarkt and the Dappermarkt. Others, like the Westerstraatmarkt, are held every week.{{Original research inline|date=March 2023}}

===Fashion===
[[File:AmsterdamBikeGirl.png|thumb|An Amsterdammer waits for a traffic light to change at the Muntplein in the heart of Amsterdam.]]
Several fashion brands and designers are based in Amsterdam. Fashion designers include [[Iris van Herpen]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gregory |first=Alice |date=8 April 2015 |title=Iris van Herpen's Intelligent Design |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/08/t-magazine/iris-van-herpen-designer-interview.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/08/t-magazine/iris-van-herpen-designer-interview.html |archive-date=1 January 2022 |url-access=limited |access-date=23 February 2019 |issn=0362-4331}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Mart Visser]], [[Viktor & Rolf]], [[Marlies Dekkers]] and [[Frans Molenaar]]. Fashion models like [[Yfke Sturm]], [[Doutzen Kroes]] and Kim Noorda started their careers in Amsterdam. Amsterdam has its garment centre in the World Fashion Center. Fashion photographers [[Inez and Vinoodh|Inez van Lamsweerde and Vinoodh Matadin]] were born in Amsterdam.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Phillips |first=Sarah |date=7 July 2010 |title=Photographers Inez van Lamsweerde and Vinoodh Matadin's best shot |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2010/jul/08/my-best-shot-inez-lamsweered-vinoodh-matadin |access-date=23 February 2019 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>