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===Standard of living=== According to the 2007 national census, 98.64% of the housing units of Addis Ababa had access to [[Water supply and sanitation in Ethiopia|safe drinking water]], while 14.9% had flush toilets, 70.7% pit toilets (both ventilated and unventilated), and 14.3% had no toilet facilities.<ref>"Census 2007 Tables: Addis Abeba", Tables, 8.7, 8.8</ref> In 2014, there were 63 public toilets in the city, with plans to build more.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/aug/28/ethiopians-plight-toilets-dirty-no-choice-addis-ababa|title=Ethiopians' plight: 'The toilets are unhealthy, but we don't have a choice'|first=David|last=Smith|date=28 August 2014|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=10 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216042550/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/aug/28/ethiopians-plight-toilets-dirty-no-choice-addis-ababa|archive-date=16 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Values for other reported common indicators of the [[standard of living]] for Addis Ababa {{As of|2005|lc=on}} include the following: 0.1% of the inhabitants fall into the lowest wealth quintile; adult literacy for men is 93.6% and for women 79.95%, the highest in the nation for both sexes; and the civic [[infant mortality rate]] is 45 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, which is less than the nationwide average of 77; at least half of these deaths occurred in the infants' first month of life.<ref>Macro International Inc. [http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADM636.pdf "2008. Ethiopia Atlas of Key Demographic and Health Indicators, 2005." (Calverton: Macro International, 2008)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101105121629/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADM636.pdf |date=5 November 2010 }}, pp. 2, 3, 10 (Retrieved 30 September 2010)</ref>{{Update inline|date=March 2025|reason=most recent information here is from over ten years ago.}} The city is partially powered by water at the [[Koka Reservoir]].
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