Editing Acetylene (section)

==Safety and handling==
Acetylene is not especially toxic, but when generated from [[calcium carbide]], or CaC<sub>2</sub>, it can contain toxic impurities such as traces of [[phosphine]] and [[arsine]], which gives it a distinct [[garlic]]-like smell. It is also highly flammable, as are most light hydrocarbons, hence its use in welding. Its most singular hazard is associated with its intrinsic instability, especially when it is pressurized: under certain conditions acetylene can react in an [[exothermic]] addition-type reaction to form a number of products, typically [[benzene]] and/or [[vinylacetylene]], possibly in addition to [[carbon]] and [[hydrogen]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2016}} Although it is stable at normal pressures and temperatures, if it is subjected to pressures as low as 15 psig it can explode.<ref name="Myers" /> The safe limit for acetylene therefore is 101&nbsp;kPa<sub>gage</sub>, or 15&nbsp;psig.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.c-f-c.com/specgas_products/acetylene.htm | title = Acetylene Specification | access-date = 2012-05-02 | publisher = CFC StarTec LLC | archive-date = 11 March 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140311222208/http://www.c-f-c.com/specgas_products/acetylene.htm | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="law">{{Cite web|url=https://law.resource.org/pub/us/cfr/ibr/003/cga.g-1.2009.pdf|title=law.resource.org CGA g-1 2009 (incorporated by reference)|access-date=2016-11-30|archive-date=10 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010200240/https://law.resource.org/pub/us/cfr/ibr/003/cga.g-1.2009.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Additionally, if acetylene is initiated by intense heat or a shockwave, it can decompose explosively if the absolute pressure of the gas exceeds about {{convert|200|kPa|psi}}. It is therefore supplied and stored dissolved in [[acetone]] or [[dimethylformamide]] (DMF),<ref name="law" /><ref name="Industrial Gases">{{cite book | last1 = Downie | first1 = N. A. | title = Industrial Gases | publisher = Blackie Academic & Professional | year = 1997 | location = London; New York | isbn = 978-0-7514-0352-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Mikołaj|last=Korzun|title=1000 słów o materiałach wybuchowych i wybuchu|isbn=83-11-07044-X|year=1986|location=Warszawa|publisher=Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej|oclc=69535236}}</ref> contained in a [[gas cylinder]] with a [[Agamassan|porous filling]], which renders it safe to transport and use, given proper handling. Acetylene cylinders should be used in the upright position to avoid withdrawing acetone during use.<ref name="EIGA">{{Cite web|url=http://eiga.web1.apollo-com.be/fileadmin/docs_pubs/Doc_123_13_Code_of_Practice_Acetylene.pdf|title=EIGA Code of Practice: Acetylene|access-date=2016-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201014426/http://eiga.web1.apollo-com.be/fileadmin/docs_pubs/Doc_123_13_Code_of_Practice_Acetylene.pdf|archive-date=1 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Information on safe storage of acetylene in upright cylinders is provided by the OSHA,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9748|title=OSHA 29 CFR 1910.102 Acetylene|access-date=2016-11-30|archive-date=1 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201080130/https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9748|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="OSHA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10696|title=OSHA 29 CFR 1926.350 Gas Welding and cutting.|access-date=2016-11-30|archive-date=1 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201012751/https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10696|url-status=live}}</ref> Compressed Gas Association,<ref name="law" /> United States Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA),<ref>[http://arlweb.msha.gov/alerts/hazardsofacetylene.htm Special Hazards of Acetylene] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324115350/http://arlweb.msha.gov/alerts/hazardsofacetylene.htm |date=24 March 2016 }} UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Mine Safety and Health Administration – MSHA.</ref> EIGA,<ref name="EIGA" /> and other agencies.

[[Copper]] catalyses the decomposition of acetylene, and as a result acetylene should not be transported in copper pipes.<ref name="brown">{{cite web|url=http://www.brown.edu/Administration/EHS/lab/assets/SA-2.2003.pdf|date=2003-10-16|author=Daniel_Sarachick|title=ACETYLENE SAFETY ALERT|publisher=Office of Environmental Health & Safety (EHS)|access-date=2018-09-27|archive-date=13 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713033908/http://www.brown.edu/Administration/EHS/lab/assets/SA-2.2003.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

Cylinders should be stored in an area segregated from oxidizers to avoid exacerbated reaction in case of fire/leakage.<ref name="law" /><ref name="OSHA" /> Acetylene cylinders should not be stored in confined spaces, enclosed vehicles, garages, and buildings, to avoid unintended leakage leading to explosive atmosphere.<ref name="law" /><ref name="OSHA" /> In the US, National Electric Code (NEC) requires consideration for hazardous areas including those where acetylene may be released during accidents or leaks.<ref name="NFPA">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards?mode=code&code=70&tab=editions|title=NFPA free access to 2017 edition of NFPA 70 (NEC)|access-date=2016-11-30|archive-date=1 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201075712/http://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards?mode=code&code=70&tab=editions|url-status=live}}</ref> Consideration may include electrical classification and use of listed Group A electrical components in US.<ref name="NFPA" /> Further information on determining the areas requiring special consideration is in NFPA 497.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards?mode=code&code=497&tab=editions|title=NFPA Free Access to NFPA 497 – Recommended Practice for the Classification of Flammable Liquids, Gases, or Vapors and of Hazardous (Classified) Locations for Electrical Installations in Chemical Process Areas|access-date=2016-11-30|archive-date=1 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201015905/http://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards?mode=code&code=497&tab=editions|url-status=live}}</ref> In Europe, ATEX also requires consideration for hazardous areas where flammable gases may be released during accidents or leaks.<ref name="EIGA"/>