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==Cultural and technological history== {{further|History of technology|History of science}} {{further|East–West Schism|Renaissance of the 12th century|Neo-Confucianism|Bhakti movement|Reformation|Spiritualism (movement)|Great Awakening}} {{further|Renaissance|Scientific Revolution|Age of Enlightenment|Modernity|Industrial Revolution|European miracle}} {| border="1" class="wikitable" |+Inventions, discoveries and introductions ! ! style="width:18%;text-align:center;" |Communication and technology ! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Science and mathematics ! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Manufacturing ! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Transportation and <br>exploration ! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Warfare |- style= valign="top" align="left" |- style="width:18%;text-align:center;" ![[11th century]] | | | | | * [[Firearm]]s ({{circa|1100}}) |- style="width:18%;text-align:center;" ![[12th century]] | | | | | |- style="width:18%;text-align:center;" ![[13th century]] | | | | | * [[Rocket]]s (c. 1200s)<ref>{{cite web |title=A brief history of rocketry |url=http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/history/rocket-history.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060805203537/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/history/rocket-history.txt |archive-date=2006-08-05 |access-date=2006-08-19 |work=NASA Spacelink |quote=Rockets appear in Arab literature in 1258 A.D., describing Mongol invaders' use of them on February 15 to capture the city of Baghdad}}</ref> |- style="width:18%;text-align:center;" ![[14th century]] | | | | | * [[Longbow]] ({{circa|1386}}) |- style="width:18%;text-align:center;" ![[15th century]] | * [[Printing press]] ({{circa|1450}})<ref name="keeley">{{cite web |last=Keeley |first=Larry |date=2007-02-16 |title=The Greatest Innovations of All Time |url=http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/feb2007/id20070216_377845.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207082148/http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/feb2007/id20070216_377845.htm |archive-date=7 December 2008 <!--(DASHBot)--> |access-date=2008-11-12 |work=BusinessWeek |publisher=The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.}}</ref> | * [[Accounting]] ({{circa|1494}}) | | | |- style="width:18%;text-align:center;" ![[16th century]] | * [[Thermometer]] (1596) | * [[Probability]] ({{circa|1549}}) | | | |- style="width:18%;text-align:center;" ![[17th century]] | | * [[Calculus]] ({{circa|1680}}) | | * [[Barometer]] (1643) | |- style="width:18%;text-align:center;" ![[18th century]] | *[[Electrostatic generator]] (1706) *[[Electric battery]] (1800) | * [[Vaccination]] (1796)<ref name="keeley" /><ref name="discovery">{{cite web |year=2008 |title=The Big 100: the Science Channels 100 Greatest Discoveries |url=http://science.discovery.com/convergence/100discoveries/big100/big100.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031221120/http://science.discovery.com/convergence/100discoveries/big100/big100.html |archive-date=31 October 2008 |access-date=2008-11-12 |publisher=Discovery Communications, LLC}}</ref> | | * [[Steam engine]] (1712) | * [[Submarine]] (1775) |- style="width:18%;text-align:center;" ![[19th century]] | *[[Telegraph]] (1832) *[[Photography]] (1837) *[[Telephone]] (1860) | *[[Atomic theory]] (1808)<ref name="discovery" /> *[[Anesthesia]] (1842)<ref name="keeley" /><ref name="discovery" /> *[[Introduction to evolution|Natural selection]] (1858)<ref name="discovery" /> *[[History of genetics|Genetics]] (1866)<ref name="keeley" /><ref name="discovery" /> | *[[Canned food]] (1809) *[[Plastic]] (1855)<ref>{{cite book |last=UK Patent office |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0nCoU-2tAx8C&pg=PA255 |title=Patents for inventions |publisher=UK Patent office |year=1857 |page=255}}</ref> *[[Frozen food]] (1868) | *[[Steam locomotive]] (1804) *[[Bicycle]] (1817) *[[Internal combustion engine]] (1833) *[[Steam turbine]] (1884) *[[Car|Automobile]] (1886) | |- style="width:18%;text-align:center;" ![[20th century]] | *[[Animation]] (1906) *[[Television]] (1932) *[[Computer]] (1939) *[[Transistor]] (1947) *[[Satellite]] (1957) *[[Internet]] (1969)<ref name="keeley" /> *[[Video game]]s (1972) | *[[Special relativity]] (1905)<ref name="discovery" /> *[[Penicillin]] (1920)<ref name="keeley" /><ref name="discovery" /> *[[DNA#History|DNA]] (1928)<ref name="discovery" /> *[[Quantum mechanics]] (1935)<ref name="discovery" /> | *[[Assembly line]] (1901)<ref>{{cite web |last=Ament |first=Phil |title=Assembly Line History: Invention of the Assembly Line |url=http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/assbline.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117205321/http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/assbline.htm |archive-date=2018-01-17 |access-date=2011-10-15 |publisher=Ideafinder.com}}</ref> *[[Sliced bread]] (1928) *[[Nuclear reactor]] (1942) *[[Food processor]] (1960s) *[[Finite geometry]] (1989) | *[[Airplane]] (1903) *[[Satellite]] (1957) *[[Apollo program|Moon landing]] (1969) *[[Space station]] (1971) *[[Self-driving car]] (1977)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Srinivas |first1=Rao P |author2=Rohan Gudla |author3=Vijay Shankar Telidevulapalli |author4=Jayasree Sarada Kota |author5=Gayathri Mandha |date=2022 |title=Review on self-driving cars using neural network architectures |url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Tsukuba-Mechanical-Engineering-Lab-Japan-1977-computerized-driverless-car-achieved-spe_fig2_365874855 |journal=World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews |volume=16 |pages=736–746 |doi=10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.2.1240 |doi-access=free |number=2}}</ref> *[[Global Positioning System|GPS navigation]] (1978) *[[Reusable launch vehicle]] (1981) | *[[Seaplane tender|Aircraft carrier]] (1911) *[[Tank]]s (1916) *[[Nuclear weapon]] (1945) |}
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