Editing 2001 (section)

==Events==
===January===
* [[January 1]] – Greece becomes the 12th country to join the [[Eurozone]].<ref name="The Guardian-2001c">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2001-01-01 |title=Greece joins euro |url=http://www.theguardian.com/business/2001/jan/01/emu.theeuro |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=The Guardian |language=en |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120215445/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2001/jan/01/emu.theeuro |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[January 7]] – Ghana undergoes its first peaceful transfer of power since 1979 when [[John Kufuor]] is sworn in as [[President of Ghana]].<ref name="auto19"/>
* [[January 9]] – [[Apple Inc.]] launches [[iTunes]], a software program that acts as a [[Media player (software)|media player]] and media library.<ref name="Apple Newsroom">{{Cite web |title=Apple Introduces iTunes — World's Best and Easiest To Use Jukebox Software |url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2001/01/09Apple-Introduces-iTunes-Worlds-Best-and-Easiest-To-Use-Jukebox-Software/ |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=Apple Newsroom |language=en-US |archive-date=June 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604220521/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2001/01/09Apple-Introduces-iTunes-Worlds-Best-and-Easiest-To-Use-Jukebox-Software/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[January 13]] – A [[January 2001 El Salvador earthquake|7.6-magnitude earthquake]] hits El Salvador, killing at least 944 people and causing massive landslides, which leaves thousands of those affected homeless.<ref name="proteccioncivil" /><ref name="USAID-2001">{{Cite web |title=El Salvador - Earthquakes Final Fact Sheet, Fiscal Year (FY) 2001 - El Salvador |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/el-salvador/el-salvador-earthquakes-final-fact-sheet-fiscal-year-fy-2001 |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=ReliefWeb |date=September 7, 2001 |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs |language=en |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120030336/https://reliefweb.int/report/el-salvador/el-salvador-earthquakes-final-fact-sheet-fiscal-year-fy-2001 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[January 15]] – [[Wikipedia]], which became the world's largest encyclopedia, is launched.
* [[January 16]]
** [[Assassination of Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]: The President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is shot in his office during the [[Second Congo War]] and rushed to [[Harare]] in Zimbabwe for medical treatment; his death will be announced two days later. He is succeeded by his son, [[Joseph Kabila]].<ref name=":3"/>{{Rp|page=29}}
** The final documented case of the 2000–2001 Uganda [[ebola]] outbreak is diagnosed.<ref name="auto13"/>
* [[January 20]]
** Impeachment proceedings against Philippine President [[Joseph Estrada]] end prematurely as he is peacefully overthrown in the [[Second EDSA Revolution]]. Vice President [[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]] succeeds him as president.<ref name="Paddock-2001">{{Cite web |last=Paddock |first=Richard C. |date=2001-01-20 |title=Estrada Quits; New Philippine Leader Installed |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jan-20-mn-14778-story.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120030332/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jan-20-mn-14778-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[January 21]]
** [[Taba Summit]]: Talks between Israel and the [[Palestinian National Authority]] begin in Egypt.<ref>{{cite book|title=Japanese Colleges and Universities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oXrYAAAAIAAJ|year=1989|publisher=Maruzen Company|isbn=978-4-621-03357-9|page=88|access-date=July 4, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207101227/https://books.google.com/books?id=oXrYAAAAIAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Pope John Paul II]] names 37 cardinals in one day for a total of 128.<ref name=":10" />{{Rp|page=469}}
* [[January 22]] – The [[2001 insurgency in Macedonia]] begins when a police station is shelled by the [[National Liberation Army (Macedonia)|National Liberation Army]] in [[Tearce]], near the border with Kosovo.<ref name="Marusic-2021"/>
* [[January 23]] – [[Tiananmen Square self-immolation incident|A self-immolation incident]] takes place in [[Tiananmen Square]] in central [[Beijing]], China. Five members of the [[Falun Gong]] are alleged to have set themselves on fire, but details surrounding the incident are disputed by Falun Gong sources.<ref name="auto18">{{cite news |author= |date=24 January 2001 |title=Tiananmen tense after fiery protests |publisher=CNN |url=http://archives.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/east/01/24/asia.falun.03/ |access-date=9 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070222110517/http://archives.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/east/01/24/asia.falun.03/ |archive-date=22 February 2007}}</ref>
* [[January 26]] – A 7.7 {{M|w|link=y}} [[2001 Gujarat earthquake|Gujarat earthquake]] shakes [[Western India]] with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of X (''Extreme''), leaving thousands of people dead and more than 166,000 others injured.<ref name="ASC-2001">{{Cite web |title=M7.7 Bhuj " Republic Day " Earthquake, 2001 |url=http://asc-india.org/lib/20010126-kachchh.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927200051/http://asc-india.org/lib/20010126-kachchh.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=18 November 2006}}</ref>
* [[January 29]] – Corruption scandals surrounding Indonesian President [[Abdurrahman Wahid]] prompt thousands of protesters to storm the Indonesian [[MPR/DPR/DPD building|parliament building]].<ref name="the Guardian-2001a">{{Cite web |date=2001-01-29 |title=Clashes as 10,000 besiege Indonesian parliament |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jan/29/indonesia |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=the Guardian |language=en |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120215443/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jan/29/indonesia |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[January 31]] – [[2001 Japan Airlines mid-air incident]]: Japan Airlines Flight 907 and Flight 958 almost collided with each other in [[Yaizu]], Shizuoka, [[Japan]]. Flight 907 safely landed at Narita Airport and Flight 958 continued to Naha Airport. 100 people were injured.<ref>{{cite web|title=On this Day in Japan: JAL's Near Miss Collision Above Suruga Bay|date=January 30, 2021 |url=https://www.tokyoweekender.com/japan-life/news-and-opinion/day-japan-jals-near-miss-colision/}}</ref>

===February===
* [[February 6]] – [[2001 Israeli prime ministerial election]]: [[Ariel Sharon]] of the [[Likud]] party is elected [[Prime Minister of Israel]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sontag |first=Deborah |date=2001-02-07 |title=The Sharon Victory: The Overview; Sharon Easily Ousts Barak to Become Israel's Premier; Calls for a Reconciliation |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/07/world/sharon-victory-overview-sharon-easily-ousts-barak-become-israel-s-premier-calls.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120215448/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/07/world/sharon-victory-overview-sharon-easily-ousts-barak-become-israel-s-premier-calls.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Eros - PIA02923 (color).jpg|thumb|upright|[[433&nbsp;Eros]]&nbsp;as seen from the&nbsp;''NEAR''&nbsp;spacecraft]]
* [[February 12]]
** The ''[[NEAR Shoemaker]]'' spacecraft touches down in the "saddle" region of [[433 Eros]], a [[near-Earth object]], becoming the first spacecraft to land on an [[asteroid]].<ref name=":10" />{{Rp|pages=474–475}}
** The [[Human Genome Project]] publishes the first draft of its [[human genome]] sequence.<ref name="Wade-2001">{{Cite news |last=Wade |first=Nicholas |date=2001-02-12 |title=Long-Held Beliefs Are Challenged By New Human Genome Analysis |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/12/us/long-held-beliefs-are-challenged-by-new-human-genome-analysis.html |access-date=2022-11-23 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=November 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123230753/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/12/us/long-held-beliefs-are-challenged-by-new-human-genome-analysis.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[February 13]] – A [[February 2001 El Salvador earthquake|6.6-magnitude earthquake]] hits El Salvador, killing at least 315 people.<ref name="USAID-2001" />
* [[February 16]] – [[Iraq disarmament crisis]]: British and U.S. forces [[February 2001 airstrike in Iraq|carry out bombing raids]] to disable Iraq's air defense network.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2001-02-16 |title=US and British aircraft attack Iraq |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/feb/16/iraq |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=The Guardian |language=en |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120030325/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/feb/16/iraq |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[February 18]] – [[NASCAR]] driver [[Dale Earnhardt]] is [[Death of Dale Earnhardt|killed in a crash]] during the [[Daytona 500]].<ref name=":5" />{{Rp|page=316}}<ref name="Caldwell-2001" />
* [[February 19]] – The [[2001 United Kingdom foot-and-mouth outbreak]] begins.<ref name="Morris-2002">{{cite news |last=Morris |first=Doug |title=A farmer's negligence |work=BBC News |date=30 May 2002 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2016461.stm |access-date=22 April 2015 |archive-date=January 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121214317/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2016461.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[February 22]] – The [[International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia]] (ICTY) sentences three Bosnian Serb soldiers to prison for [[wartime sexual violence]], recognizing it as a [[war crime]] for the first time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2001-02-22 |title=Historic trial makes rape war crime |url=https://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/02/22/hague.trial.04/index.html |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=CNN |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124021406/https://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/02/22/hague.trial.04/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[February 25]] – [[Sampit conflict]]: Mass ethnic violence begins in [[Sampit]], Indonesia, killing hundreds of people.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2001-02-28 |title=Witnesses Detail Slaughter Of 118 Madurese on Borneo |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/02/28/witnesses-detail-slaughter-of-118-madurese-on-borneo/bdd70e93-8a71-43a7-a103-5434324d2b08/ |access-date=2022-11-20 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref>

===March===
* [[March 2]] – Despite pleas from the international community to spare them, the [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)|Taliban government]] of Afghanistan begins destroying the [[Buddhas of Bamiyan]], having declared that they are [[Idolatry in Islam|idols]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/science/archaeology/2001-03-22-afghan-buddhas.htm |title=Why the Taliban are destroying Buddhas |publisher=Usatoday.com |date=22 March 2001 |access-date=9 October 2013 |archive-date=August 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829010435/http://www.usatoday.com/news/science/archaeology/2001-03-22-afghan-buddhas.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="AFP-2001">{{cite news| date = 12 March 2001| title = Destruction of Giant Buddhas Confirmed| publisher = [[Agence France-Presse|AFP]]| url = http://www.beliefnet.com/story/70/story_7096_1.html| access-date = 6 January 2008| archive-date = September 28, 2008| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080928231734/http://www.beliefnet.com/story/70/story_7096_1.html| url-status = live}}</ref>
* [[March 4]] – The Hintze Ribeiro Bridge [[Hintze Ribeiro Bridge collapse|collapses]] in northern Portugal, killing 59 people.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1202214.stm |title=Portugal bridge collapse 'kills 70' |publisher=BBC News |date=5 March 2001 |access-date=18 November 2019 |archive-date=March 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307171536/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1202214.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[March 14]] – [[Battle of Tetovo]]: Violence erupts between Albanian rebels and Macedonian soldiers in [[Tetovo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2001-03-14 |title=Macedonia: Ethnic Albanian Violence Spreads |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1095959.html |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty |language=en |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124161738/https://www.rferl.org/a/1095959.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Conflict in Tetovo will continue for months during the 2001 insurgency in Macedonia.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=August 9, 2001 |title=Battle for Tetovo rages |url=http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/08/09/macedonia.attack/ |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=CNN |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124161738/http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/08/09/macedonia.attack/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[March 16]] – [[Shijiazhuang bombings]]: 108 people are killed in a series of bombings in [[Shijiazhuang]], China.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2001-03-17 |title=China says 108 killed in blasts |language=en-GB |work=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1226222.stm |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=April 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410091351/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1226222.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[March 22]]
** ''[[Kenyanthropus]]'' is [[Species description|described]] as an early [[Hominidae|hominid]] after the discovery of remains in Kenya.<ref name="Leakey-2001">{{cite journal |last=Leakey |first=Meave G. |author-link=Meave Leakey |display-authors=etal |year=2001 |title=New hominin genus from eastern Africa shows diverse middle Pliocene lineages |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=410 |issue=6827 |pages=433–440 |bibcode=2001Natur.410..433L |doi=10.1038/35068500 |pmid=11260704 |s2cid=4409453}}</ref>
** [[Incheon International Airport]] opens in [[Incheon]], South Korea.<ref name=":5" />{{Rp|page=166}} 
* [[March 23]] – The [[Deorbit of Mir|deorbit of Russian space station ''Mir'']] is processed, with debris falling into the South Pacific Ocean after the station [[Atmospheric entry|enters the atmosphere]] and is destroyed.<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|pages=126}}
* [[March 24]] – Apple Inc. released the [[Mac OS X]] [[operating system]] for [[Mac (computer)|Mac]] computers.<ref name=":5" />{{Rp|page=176}}<ref name=":17" />
* [[March 26]] – [[World Championship Wrestling]] goes out of business and is purchased by its chief competitor, the [[World Wrestling Federation]], bringing an end to the [[Monday Night Wars]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://itrwrestling.com/features/on-this-day-march-26-2001-wcw-nitros-final-show/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |title=On This Day: March 26 2001, WCW Nitro's Final Show - Inside the Ropes |date=March 26, 2021 }}</ref>
* [[March 28]] – The United States declares its intention to end involvement in the [[Kyoto Protocol]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Borger |first=Julian |date=2001-03-29 |title=Bush kills global warming treaty |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2001/mar/29/globalwarming.usnews |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=The Guardian |language=en |archive-date=November 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122203853/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2001/mar/29/globalwarming.usnews |url-status=live }}</ref>

===April===
[[File:Weddinginholland.jpg|thumb|Two men marrying in&nbsp;[[Amsterdam]]&nbsp;on April 1, the first day in which the possibility to marry was opened to same-sex couples]]
* [[April 1]]
** The [[Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands|Act on the Opening up of Marriage]] goes into effect in the Netherlands, which becomes the first modern country to legalize [[same-sex marriage]].<ref name="William Binchy-20072" />
** [[Hainan Island incident]]: A Chinese fighter jet collides with a U.S. [[Lockheed EP-3|EP-3E]] surveillance aircraft, which is forced to make an emergency landing in [[Hainan]], China. The U.S. crew is detained for 10 days and the [[Shenyang J-8|F-8]] Chinese pilot, Wang Wei, goes missing and is presumed dead.<ref name="Air Forces Monthly-2001">{{Citation | title = Air Forces Monthly|date=May 2001| volume = 158| page = 4}}</ref>
** Former [[President of Serbia and Montenegro]] [[Slobodan Milošević]] surrenders to police special forces to be tried on charges of [[crimes against humanity]].<ref name=":5" />{{Rp|page=230}} 
* [[April 7]] – The [[NASA]] orbiter ''[[2001 Mars Odyssey]]'' launches on a [[Delta II]] rocket.<ref name="NASA Mars-2001">{{Cite web |last= |title=2001 Mars Odyssey |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars-exploration/missions/odyssey |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=NASA Mars Exploration |date=December 4, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124172241/https://mars.nasa.gov/mars-exploration/missions/odyssey/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[April 11]] – [[Australia men's national soccer team|Australia]]'s football team wins against [[American Samoa national football team|American Samoa]] in a record [[Australia 31–0 American Samoa|31–0 victory]], just two days after setting the record with a [[Tonga 0–22 Australia|0–22 victory]] against [[Tonga national football team|Tonga]].<ref name=":11" />
* [[April 15]] – [[Extreme Championship Wrestling]] files for bankruptcy and ceases operations, is eventually bought by its competitor, the [[World Wrestling Federation]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.morningjournal.com/2001/04/15/ecw-officially-bankrupt-officially-done/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |title=ECW officially bankrupt, officially done |date=15 April 2001 }}</ref> 
* [[April 17]]
** [[Nông Đức Mạnh]] is chosen as [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thayer |first=Carlyle A. |date=2002 |title=Vietnam in 2001: The Ninth Party Congress and After |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/as.2002.42.1.81 |journal=Asian Survey |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=81–89 |doi=10.1525/as.2002.42.1.81 |jstor=10.1525/as.2002.42.1.81 |issn=0004-4687 |access-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-date=November 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104125830/https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/as.2002.42.1.81 |url-status=live }}</ref>
** Israel occupies an area in the [[Gaza Strip]], killing two people. Israeli forces withdraw the same day after the United States denounces the attack.<ref name="CNN-2001a">{{Cite web |date=2001-04-18 |title=Israel pulls out of Gaza |url=http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/04/17/mideast.violence.06/ |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=CNN |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124021417/http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/04/17/mideast.violence.06/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[April 18]] – [[2001 Burundian coup d'état attempt]]: A group of junior officers make a failed attempt to overthrow President [[Pierre Buyoya]] of Burundi.<ref name=":2" />{{Rp|page=218}}
* [[April 22]] – [[Hasim Rahman]] wins an upset victory against champion [[Lennox Lewis]] in the "[[Lennox Lewis vs. Hasim Rahman|Thunder in Africa]]" boxing match.<ref name=":10" />{{Rp|page=536}}<ref name=":12" />
* [[April 25]] – A ceasefire is broken during the [[Eelam War III]] in Sri Lanka.<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=51}}
* [[April 26]]
** [[Junichiro Koizumi]] becomes the 86th [[Prime Minister of Japan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-21 |title=Junichiro Koizumi Fast Facts |url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/08/27/world/asia/junichiro-koizumi-fast-facts/index.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120233014/https://www.cnn.com/2013/08/27/world/asia/junichiro-koizumi-fast-facts/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
** The [[Parliament of Ukraine]] votes to dismiss Prime Minister [[Viktor Yushchenko]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tyler |first=Patrick E. |date=2001-04-26 |title=Ukrainian Parliament Votes to Oust Prime Minister |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/26/world/ukrainian-parliament-votes-to-oust-prime-minister.html |access-date=2022-11-24 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124021408/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/26/world/ukrainian-parliament-votes-to-oust-prime-minister.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[April 28]]
** The Russian spacecraft [[Soyuz TM-32]] lifts off from the [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]] in Kazakhstan, carrying the first [[Space tourism|space tourist]], American entrepreneur [[Dennis Tito]], and two Russian cosmonauts.<ref name="NASA-2001">{{cite book|author=United States. President|title=Aeronautics and Space Report of the President|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z1DpUAFmghAC&pg=PA138|publisher=U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration|pages=138|access-date=April 8, 2021|archive-date=December 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207101225/https://books.google.com/books?id=z1DpUAFmghAC&pg=PA138#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Vejce ambush]]: Eight Macedonian soldiers are killed in an ambush by the NLA near [[Vejce]], a village in the [[Šar Mountains]], Macedonia. It represents the heaviest death toll for the government forces in a single incident during the insurgency.<ref>{{cite web |title=8 soldiers slain in ambush near Albanian region |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2001/04/29/8-soldiers-slain-in-ambush-near-albanian-region/ |date=29 April 2001 |publisher=[[Chicago Tribune]] |access-date=5 February 2015 |archive-date=February 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202210050/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2001-04-29/news/0104290288_1_albanian-macedonia-in-late-march-slav-majority |url-status=live }}</ref>

===May===
* [[May 7]] – In [[Banja Luka]], Bosnia and Herzegovina, an attempt is made to reconstruct the historic 16th-century [[Ferhat Pasha Mosque (Banja Luka)|Ferhadija Mosque]]. [[Serbian nationalism|Serbian nationalists]] respond with riots and mass violence against [[Bosnian Muslims]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2016/05/07/historic-bosnian-mosque-reopens-amid-heavy-security-05-07-2016/|title=Historic Bosnian Mosque Reopens amid Heavy Security|date=May 7, 2016|author=Danijel Kovacevic|website=[[Balkan Insight|Balkan Transitional Justice]]|access-date=September 1, 2021|archive-date=September 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901091157/https://balkaninsight.com/2016/05/07/historic-bosnian-mosque-reopens-amid-heavy-security-05-07-2016/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[May 13]] – The [[House of Freedoms]] coalition led by [[Silvio Berlusconi]] wins the [[2001 Italian general election|Italian general election]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Italy – Parliamentary Chamber: Camera dei Deputati |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2157_01.htm |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=[[Inter-Parliamentary Union]] |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920055314/http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2157_01.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[May 18]] – [[2001 HaSharon Mall suicide bombing]]: A Hamas suicide bomber kills six people in [[Netanya]], Israel. The Israeli government responds with the first use of airstrikes against Palestine since 1967.<ref name="BBC-2001a">{{Cite news |date=2001-05-20 |title=Arabs seek to isolate Israel |language=en-GB |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1340003.stm |access-date=2022-11-24 |archive-date=November 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118095450/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1340003.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[May 21]] – The [[Končulj Agreement]] results in the disarmament of the [[Liberation Army of Preševo, Medveđa and Bujanovac]], ending the [[Insurgency in the Preševo Valley]].<ref name="auto14">{{Cite web |title=Demilitarization Statement (Konculj Agreement) |url=https://www.peaceagreements.org/view/1430 |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=www.peaceagreements.org |publisher=University of Edinburgh |archive-date=April 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420054703/https://www.peaceagreements.org/view/1430 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[May 22]]
** [[28978 Ixion]], a large [[trans-Neptunian object]] and a [[List of possible dwarf planets|possible]] [[dwarf planet]], is discovered during the [[Deep Ecliptic Survey]].<ref name="Minor Planet Center">{{cite web |title=28978 Ixion (2001 KX76) |publisher=International Astronomical Union |work=Minor Planet Center |url=https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=28978 |access-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120070851/https://minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=28978 |url-status=live }}</ref>
** The [[Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants]] is adopted by 127 countries to limit pollution internationally.<ref name=":10" />{{Rp|page=491}}<ref name="LA Times-2001">{{Cite web |date=2001-05-23 |title=127 Countries Adopt Toxic Chemicals Treaty |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-may-23-mn-1454-story.html |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124172230/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-may-23-mn-1454-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[May 24]] – Sherpa [[Temba Tsheri]], 15, becomes the youngest person to reach the summit of [[Mount Everest]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12246591.boy-of-15-is-youngest-to-climb-everest-young-sherpa-lost-five-fingers-to-frostbite-in-earlier-attempt-on-summit/|title=Boy of 15 is youngest to climb Everest Young Sherpa lost five fingers to frostbite in earlier attempt on summit|date=May 25, 2001|website=Herald Scotland|access-date=September 1, 2001|archive-date=September 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901091154/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12246591.boy-of-15-is-youngest-to-climb-everest-young-sherpa-lost-five-fingers-to-frostbite-in-earlier-attempt-on-summit/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[May 26]] – The [[African Union]] is formed to replace the [[Organisation of African Unity]]. It will begin operation the following year.<ref name="Adeniyi-2016">{{Cite journal |last1=Adeniyi |first1=Olatunbosun |last2=Opara |first2=Ngozi Mercy |last3=Adeyemo |first3=Toyosi |last4=Ekeria |first4=Augustina Irenosen |last5=Faith-Lois |first5=Bolorunduro |date=2016 |title=African Union and the Challenges of Development |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26893815 |journal=Journal of African Union Studies |volume=5 |issue=2/3 |pages=67–89 |jstor=26893815 |issn=2050-4292 |access-date=November 23, 2022 |archive-date=November 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123230753/https://www.jstor.org/stable/26893815 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[May 28]] – [[2001 Central African Republic coup d'état attempt]]: Central African forces led by [[André Kolingba]] carry out a failed attempt to overthrow the government of the Central African Republic. Dozens are killed in the ensuing violence.<ref name=":2" />{{Rp|page=249}}
* [[May 31]]
** Lithuania joins the [[World Trade Organization]].<ref name="Lithuania-2021"/>
** Research into [[Crohn's disease]] confirms that it is identified with mutation of the [[NOD2]] gene.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Seppa |first=Nathan |date=2001-05-23 |title=Genetic flaw found in painful gut disease |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/genetic-flaw-found-painful-gut-disease |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=Science News |language=en-US |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124172231/https://www.sciencenews.org/article/genetic-flaw-found-painful-gut-disease |url-status=live }}</ref>

===June===
* [[June 1]]
** Crown Prince [[Dipendra of Nepal]] kills his father, the king, his mother and other members of the royal family with an assault rifle and then shoots himself in the [[Nepalese royal massacre]]. Dipendra is recognized as King of Nepal while in a coma.<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|pages=72–73}}
** [[Dolphinarium discotheque massacre]]: A Hamas suicide bomber kills 21 people, mostly teenagers, in the Dolphinarium disco in [[Tel Aviv]], Israel.<ref>{{cite news |last=Fisher |first=Ian |date=29 January 2006 |title=In Hamas's Overt Hatred, Many Israelis See Hope |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/29/international/middleeast/29israel.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=November 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111022312/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/29/international/middleeast/29israel.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[June 4]] – [[Gyanendra of Nepal|Gyanendra]] ascends the throne of Nepal on the death of his nephew, Dipendra.<ref name="massacre">{{cite news |date=2 June 2001 |title=Nepal mourns slain king |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/1366170.stm |url-status=live |access-date=31 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107091236/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/1366170.stm |archive-date=7 January 2009}}</ref>
[[File:Allison Flood Houston.jpg|thumb|[[Buffalo Bayou]] and [[White Oak Bayou]] at Main Street after Tropical Storm Allison hit Houston, Texas, U.S.]]
* [[June 5]] – [[Tropical Storm Allison]] hits the U.S. state of [[Texas]], severely flooding [[Houston]] and killing 23 people.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-05 |title=Remembering Tropical Storm Allison |url=https://www.noaa.gov/education/stories/remembering-tropical-storm-allison |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=www.noaa.gov |language=en |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120215448/https://www.noaa.gov/education/stories/remembering-tropical-storm-allison |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[June 7]]
** [[2001 United Kingdom general election]]: [[Tony Blair]] and the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] win a second landslide victory.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/06/08/uk.election.05/index.html|title=CNN.com - Blair celebrates historic poll win - June 8, 2001|website=CNN|access-date=April 11, 2022|archive-date=April 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411105203/https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/06/08/uk.election.05/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
** Former Argentinian president [[Carlos Menem]] is arrested on suspicion of illegal arms sales.<ref name="CNN-2001i">{{Cite web |date=2001-06-07 |title=Spokesman: Ex-Argentine president arrested |url=http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/americas/06/07/menem.arrest.02/index.html |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=CNN |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124021407/http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/americas/06/07/menem.arrest.02/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[June 12]] – [[Aračinovo crisis]]: Albanian rebels violate a 24-hour cease fire with Macedonian soldiers.<ref name="CNN-2001c">{{Cite web |date=2001-06-12 |title=Rebels breach Macedonia truce |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/06/12/macedonia.fighting/index.html |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=CNN |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124161738/http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/06/12/macedonia.fighting/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[June 15]] – Declaration to establish the [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]] is signed.<ref name="SCO-2017">{{cite web|url=http://eng.sectsco.org/about_sco/|title=About SCO|publisher=Shanghai Cooperation Organisation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028182720/http://eng.sectsco.org/about_sco/|archive-date=28 October 2017|access-date=2017-06-09}}</ref>
* [[June 19]]
** Syria withdraws thousands of forces from a decades-long military presence in [[Beirut]], Lebanon.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=2001-06-20 |title=After Decades, Thousands of Syrian Troops Leave Beirut |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/20/world/after-decades-thousands-of-syrian-troops-leave-beirut.html |access-date=2022-11-24 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124021409/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/20/world/after-decades-thousands-of-syrian-troops-leave-beirut.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
** Germany enacts a program to compensate [[Holocaust survivors]] that were subject to slave labor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2001-06-19 |title=Germany approves Nazi pay-out |url=http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/06/19/germany.slaves.1601/index.html?related |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=CNN |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124021408/http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/06/19/germany.slaves.1601/index.html?related |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[June 21]] – The world's [[longest trains|longest train]] is run by BHP Iron Ore between Newman and Port Hedland in Western Australia (a distance of {{convert|275|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=or}}); the train consists of 682 loaded iron ore wagons and 8 [[GE AC6000CW]] locomotives, giving a gross weight of almost 100,000 tonnes and moves 82,262 tonnes of ore; the train is {{convert|7.353|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hamersley Freight Line |url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/hamersley-freight-line/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512100443/http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/hamersley-freight-line/ |archive-date=12 May 2015 |access-date=2022-11-20 |work=Railway Technology}}</ref>
* [[June 23]] – An 8.4 {{M|w|link=y}} [[2001 southern Peru earthquake|southern Peru earthquake]] shakes coastal Peru with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of VIII (''Severe''). A destructive tsunami follows, leaving at least 77 people dead, and 2,687 others injured.<ref name="auto1" /><ref name="Keefer-2004">{{Cite journal |last1=Keefer |first1=David K. |last2=Moseley |first2=Michael E. |date=2004-07-27 |title=Southern Peru desert shattered by the great 2001 earthquake: Implications for paleoseismic and paleo-El Niño–Southern Oscillation records |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=101 |issue=30 |pages=10878–10883 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0404320101 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=491987 |pmid=15263069 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
* [[June 25]] – [[Alkhan-Kala operation]]: Russian forces carry out a ''[[zachistka]]'' operation in Alkhan-Kala, [[Grozny]], Chechnya, during the [[Guerrilla phase of the Second Chechen War (2001)|Second Chechen War]]. Chechen warlord [[Arbi Barayev]] is killed.<ref name="BBC-2001b">{{Cite news |date=2001-06-25 |title=Russians kill Chechen warlord |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1406317.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412152951/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1406317.stm |archive-date=April 12, 2012 |access-date=2022-11-24 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>

===July===
* July – The largest ever recorded outbreak of [[Legionnaires' disease]] occurs in [[Murcia]], Spain. 449 cases are confirmed, with more than 800 suspected ones.<ref name="auto17"/>
* [[July 2]] – The world's first self-contained [[artificial heart]] is implanted in [[Robert Tools]] in the United States.<ref name="Jet-2001">{{cite book|author=Johnson Publishing Company|title=Jet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-7QDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA22|date=10 September 2001|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|pages=22|access-date=October 31, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207101217/https://books.google.com/books?id=-7QDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA22#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[July 4]] – [[Vladivostok Air Flight 352]] crashes on approach while landing at [[Irkutsk Airport]], Russia, killing all 145 people aboard.<ref name="ASN">{{cite web |title=ASN Aircraft accident Tupolev Tu-154M RA-85845 Burdakovka |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20010704-0 |access-date=2022-11-20 |publisher=Aviation Safety Network |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120043737/https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20010704-0 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[July 7]] – [[2001 Bradford riots]]: Ethnic violence is provoked in [[Bradford]], England, by the far-right [[National Front (UK)|National Front]] and far-left [[Anti-Nazi League]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2001-07-08 |title=Race riots ignite Bradford |url=http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2001/jul/08/uk.race |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=The Guardian |language=en |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120215447/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2001/jul/08/uk.race |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[July 12]] – The [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]] releases its [[IPCC Third Assessment Report|Third Assessment Report]].<ref name=":5" />{{Rp|page=213}}
* [[July 13]] – The [[International Olympic Committee]] chooses Beijing to host the [[2008 Summer Olympics]].<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/13/sports/beijing-is-selected-as-2008-host-city.html| title = Beijing Is Selected as 2008 Host City| first = Jere| last = Longman| website = The New York Times| date = July 13, 2001| access-date = September 18, 2017| archive-date = September 18, 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170918110655/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/13/sports/beijing-is-selected-as-2008-host-city.html| url-status = live}}</ref>
* [[July 14]] – [[Agra Summit]]: India and Pakistan begin talks to improve relations. The summit ends inconclusively on July 16.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2001-07-17 |title=Agra summit at a glance |language=en-GB |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1430367.stm |access-date=2022-11-24 |archive-date=January 3, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103201846/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1430367.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[July 16]] – China and Russia sign the [[2001 Sino-Russian Treaty of Friendship]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tyler |first=Patrick E. |date=2001-07-17 |title=Russia and China Sign 'Friendship' Pact |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/17/world/russia-and-china-sign-friendship-pact.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120043739/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/17/world/russia-and-china-sign-friendship-pact.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Vladimir Putin 22 July 2001-1.jpg|thumb|Photo session of the G8 leaders in Genoa, 2001: ({{Abbr|L–R|Left to right}}) [[Junichiro Koizumi]], [[Tony Blair]], [[George W. Bush]], [[Jacques Chirac]], [[Silvio Berlusconi]], [[Vladimir Putin]], [[Jean Chretien]], [[Gerhard Schroeder]], [[Guy Verhofstadt]], and [[Romano Prodi]]]]
* [[July 20]]–[[July 22|22]] – The [[27th G8 summit]] takes place in [[Genoa]], Italy. Massive demonstrations, drawing an estimated 200,000 people, are held against the meeting by members of the [[anti-globalization movement]]. One demonstrator, [[Death of Carlo Giuliani|Carlo Giuliani]], is killed by a policeman, and several others are injured.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2001-07-21 |title=G8 summit death shocks leaders |url=http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/07/20/genoa.protests/ |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=CNN |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120043738/http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/07/20/genoa.protests/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[July 23]] – [[Megawati Sukarnoputri]] is [[Inauguration of Megawati Sukarnoputri|inaugurated]] as the first female president of Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ningrum |first=Desi Aditia |date=2019-10-19 |title=Presiden Megawati dan Pelantikan Dalam Sunyi |trans-title=President Megawati and the Silent Inauguration |url=https://www.merdeka.com/politik/presiden-megawati-dan-pelantikan-dalam-sunyi.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=merdeka.com |language=Indonesian |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120233014/https://www.merdeka.com/politik/presiden-megawati-dan-pelantikan-dalam-sunyi.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[July 24]]
** [[Bandaranaike Airport attack]]: The [[Tamil Tigers]] bomb the [[Bandaranaike International Airport]] in Sri Lanka during the [[Sri Lankan civil war|Sri Lankan Civil War]].<ref name="Jane's Intelligence Review">{{cite web |year=2001 |title=Intelligence failures exposed by Tamil Tiger airport attack |url=http://www.janes.com/security/international_security/news/jir/jir010903_1_n.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225162532/http://www.janes.com/security/international_security/news/jir/jir010903_1_n.shtml |archive-date=February 25, 2008 |access-date=June 3, 2006 |publisher=Jane's Intelligence Review}}</ref>
** [[Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha]], deposed as the last [[Tsar of Bulgaria]] when a child, is sworn in as the democratically elected 48th [[List of Prime Ministers of Bulgaria|Prime Minister of Bulgaria]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1455674.stm|title=Bulgaria's ex-King swears oath to republic|website=BBC|date=25 July 2001|access-date=March 5, 2022|archive-date=January 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107215126/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1455674.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[July 26]] – Moldova joins the World Trade Organization.<ref name="auto23"/>
* [[July 28]] – [[Alejandro Toledo]] becomes the [[President of Peru]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2001-07-28 |title=Peru's Toledo swears in as president, vows to fight poverty |url=http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/americas/07/28/peru.toledo/ |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=CNN |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120215448/http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/americas/07/28/peru.toledo/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===August===
* August – A ceasefire is negotiated to end the [[War of the Peters]].<ref name="auto6"/>
* [[August 2]] – The ICTY convicts Bosnian Serb general [[Radislav Krstić]] on the charge of [[genocide]] for his role in the [[Srebrenica massacre]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2001-08-01 |title=Radislav Krstic becomes the First Person to be Convicted of Genocide at the ICTY and is Sentenced to 46 Years Imprisonment. |url=https://www.icty.org/en/press/radislav-krstic-becomes-first-person-be-convicted-genocide-icty-and-sentenced-46-years |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia |archive-date=November 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123214630/https://www.icty.org/en/press/radislav-krstic-becomes-first-person-be-convicted-genocide-icty-and-sentenced-46-years |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Genesis Collector Array.jpg|thumb|A ''Genesis'' collector array in the clean lab at [[Johnson Space Center]]. The hexagons consist of a variety of ultra-pure, semiconductor-grade wafers, including [[silicon]], [[corundum]], [[gold]] on sapphire, [[diamond]]-like carbon films,<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/02/090218095842.htm |title=Diamond-like Films Help In Study Of Solar Winds |publisher=Sandia National Laboratories |first=Michael |last=Padilla |date=February 16, 2009 |access-date=December 4, 2022 |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204161631/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/02/090218095842.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> and other materials.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Genesis Solar-Wind Collector Materials |journal=Space Science Reviews |first1=A. J. G. |last1=Jurewicz |first2=D. S. |last2=Burnett |first3=R. C. |last3=Wiens |first4=T. A. |last4=Friedmann |first5=C. C. |last5=Hays |first6=R. J. |last6=Hohlfelder |first7=K. |last7=Nishiizumi |first8=J. A. |last8=Stone |first9=D. S. |last9=Woolum |first10=R. |last10=Becker |first11=A. L. |last11=Butterworth |first12=A. J. |last12=Campbell |first13=M. |last13=Ebihara |first14=I. A. |last14=Franchi |first15=V. |last15=Heber |first16=C. M. |last16=Hohenberg |first17=M. |last17=Humayun |first18=K. D. |last18=McKeegan |first19=K. |last19=McNamara |first20=A. |last20=Meshik |first21=R. O. |last21=Pepin |first22=D. |last22=Schlutter |first23=R. |last23=Wieler |display-authors=1 |volume=105 |issue=3–4 |pages=535–560 |date=January 2003 |doi=10.1023/A:1024469927444 |bibcode=2003SSRv..105..535J|s2cid=51768025 }}</ref>]]
* [[August 8]]
** The [[Genesis (spacecraft)|''Genesis'']] probe is launched from [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 17]].<ref name="NASA-Genesis-2004"/>
** Albanian rebels [[Karpalak ambush|ambush]] a convoy of the [[Army of North Macedonia|Army of the Republic of Macedonia]] near [[Tetovo]], North Macedonia, killing 10 soldiers.<ref name="Marusic&Bosilkovski">{{cite web|last1=Marusic|first1=Sinisa Jakov|last2=Bosilkovski|first2=Igor|date=8 August 2016|title=Macedonia Marks Karpalak Ambush Massacre Anniversary|website=Balkan Insight|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2016/08/08/macedonia-marks-karpalak-massacre-anniversary-08-08-2016/|access-date=1 March 2022|archive-date=November 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127025258/https://balkaninsight.com/2016/08/08/macedonia-marks-karpalak-massacre-anniversary-08-08-2016/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[August 9]] – A [[Sbarro]] restaurant in [[Jerusalem]] is [[Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing|bombed]] by a Palestinian Hamas terrorist, killing 15 civilians and injuring 130 others.<ref>{{cite book|author=Nitzan S. Ben-Shaul|title=A Violent World: TV News Images of Middle Eastern Terror and War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tAxlAAAAMAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-7425-3798-9|page=128|access-date=May 20, 2021|archive-date=December 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207101310/https://books.google.com/books?id=tAxlAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[August 10]]
** [[2001 Angola train attack]]: 252 people are killed by [[UNITA]] in an attack on a train during the [[Angolan Civil War]].<ref name="HRW-2002">{{cite book|title=Landmine Monitor Report 2002: Toward a Mine-free World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZPj16Xxyi9kC&pg=PA66|year=2002|publisher=Human Rights Watch|isbn=978-1-56432-277-7|pages=66|access-date=May 20, 2021|archive-date=December 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207101225/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZPj16Xxyi9kC&pg=PA66#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>
** The United States and the United Kingdom bomb air force installations in Iraq in response to attacks on American and British planes.<ref name="CNN-2001h">{{Cite web |date=August 10, 2001 |title=Allies attack 3 Iraqi air defense sites |url=https://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/08/10/iraq.strike/index.html |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=CNN |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124072718/https://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/08/10/iraq.strike/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[August 13]] – Macedonian and Albanian representatives sign the [[Ohrid Agreement]] to reduce conflicts during the insurgency.<ref name="Rogers-2001">{{Cite web |last=Rogers |first=Walter |date=August 13, 2001 |title=Q&A: What the deal means for Macedonia - |url=https://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/08/13/rogers.macedonia.otsc/index.html |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=CNN |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124072724/https://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/08/13/rogers.macedonia.otsc/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[August 21]] – [[Operation Essential Harvest]]: [[NATO]] sends a military forces to the [[Republic of Macedonia]] in response to the ongoing insurgency.<ref name="NATO-2001">{{Cite web |last= |title=Peace support operations in North Macedonia (2001-2003) |url=https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_52121.htm |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=NATO |language=en |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120043741/https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_52121.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[August 25]] – [[2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash]]: Eight people including singer and actress [[Aaliyah]], and several members of her entourage are killed after their overloaded aircraft crashes shortly after takeoff at Marsh Harbour Airport.<ref>{{cite web |title=CRASH OF A CESSNA 402B IN MARSH HARBOUR: 9 KILLED |url=https://www.baaa-acro.com/crash/crash-cessna-402b-marsh-harbour-9-killed |website=Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives |access-date=28 February 2023 |archive-date=August 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824221652/https://www.baaa-acro.com/crash/crash-cessna-402b-marsh-harbour-9-killed |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[August 28]] – A [[Targeted killing|targeted]] Israeli strike kills [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine|PFLP]] leader [[Abu Ali Mustafa]]. Palestinian militants respond by firing on Israeli civilians. Israeli forces occupy [[Beit Jala]], Palestine to combat the militants.<ref name="CNN-2001b">{{Cite web |date=August 27, 2001 |title=Israeli troops take positions in West Bank town |url=http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/08/27/mideast/ |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=CNN |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124072720/http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/08/27/mideast/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[August 31]] – The [[World Conference against Racism 2001]] begins in [[Durban]], South Africa.<ref name="auto3"/> Israel and the United States withdraw three days later, alleging [[antisemitism]] in the conference.<ref name=":16" />

===September===
* [[September 7]] – [[2001 Jos riots]]: Clashes between Christian and Muslim rioters begin in [[Jos]], Nigeria. The conflict will continue until September 17, during which time hundreds of people will be killed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Minchakpu |first=Obed |title=Religious Riots in Nigeria Leave Hundreds Dead |url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2001/octoberweb-only/10-1-23.0.html |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=ChristianityToday.com |date=October 2001 |language=en |archive-date=November 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123230757/https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2001/octoberweb-only/10-1-23.0.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[September 9]] – A suicide bomber kills [[Ahmad Shah Massoud]], military commander of the Afghan [[Northern Alliance]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-09 |title=Death of an Afghan icon: 20 years since the assassination of Ahmad Shah Massoud |url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20210909-death-of-an-afghan-icon-20-years-since-the-assassination-of-ahmad-shah-massoud |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=France 24 |archive-date=February 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221041019/https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20210909-death-of-an-afghan-icon-20-years-since-the-assassination-of-ahmad-shah-massoud |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:National Park Service 9-11 Statue of Liberty and WTC fire.jpg|thumb|The&nbsp;[[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]]&nbsp;and the&nbsp;[[Statue of Liberty]] during the [[September 11 attacks]] in New York City]]
* [[September 11]] – Approximately 2,977 victims are killed or fatally injured in the [[September 11 attacks]] after two [[Boeing 767]]s,<ref name=typeofplane>{{cite web | url=https://therideronline.com/top-story/2024/09/remembering-911/ | title=Remembering 9/11 }}</ref> [[American Airlines Flight 11]] and [[United Airlines Flight 175]], are hijacked and crashed into the Twin Towers of the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]]. Two [[Boeing 757]]s,<ref name="typeofplane" /> [[American Airlines Flight 77]] and [[United Airlines Flight 93]], are also hijacked. [[Flight 77]] crashes into [[the Pentagon]] and [[Flight 93]] crashes into grassland in [[Shanksville, Pennsylvania]] as a result of passengers fighting to regain control of the airplane. The Twin Towers [[Collapse of the World Trade Center|collapse]] as a result of the burning jet fuel from the crashes.<ref name="Anderson2003">{{cite book|author=Dale Anderson|title=The Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=97g_zXNWidQC|date=July 2003|publisher=World Almanac Library|isbn=978-0-8368-5380-3|access-date=August 9, 2021|archive-date=December 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207101229/https://books.google.com/books?id=97g_zXNWidQC|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[September 17]] – [[George W. Bush]], [[president of the United States]], delivers [[remarks at the Islamic Center of Washington]] praising Muslim Americans and condemning [[Islamophobia in the United States|Islamophobia]] in the [[aftermath of the September 11 attacks]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Beauchamp |first=Zack |date=September 22, 2015 |title=Today's GOP Should Take Lessons on Islam from George W. Bush |url=https://www.vox.com/2015/9/22/9371313/republicans-islam-bush |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]}}</ref>
* [[September 18]] – The [[2001 anthrax attacks]] begin in the United States, which cause five fatalities and 17 other infections.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=2011-02-15 |title=Timeline: How The Anthrax Terror Unfolded |language=en |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2011/02/15/93170200/timeline-how-the-anthrax-terror-unfolded |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=December 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226203612/http://www.npr.org/2011/02/15/93170200/timeline-how-the-anthrax-terror-unfolded |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[September 19]] – Palestinian leader [[Yasser Arafat]] forbids Palestinian soldiers from firing on Israeli forces, even in self-defence. Israel agrees to a ceasefire.<ref name="CNN-2001f">{{Cite web |date=September 19, 2001 |title=Both sides order cease-fires in Mideast |url=https://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/09/18/arafat.cease/index.html |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=CNN |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124072723/https://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/09/18/arafat.cease/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[September 20]] – In an [[George W. Bush, September 20, 2001 speech|address]] to a joint session of [[United States Congress|Congress]], U.S. President George W. Bush declares a [[war on terror]], officially the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT).<ref name="Hoffman-2021">{{cite web|url=https://institute.global/policy/war-terror-20-years-crossroads-or-cul-de-sac|title=The War on Terror 20 Years on: Crossroads or Cul-De-Sac?|date=March 18, 2021|website=Tony Blair Institute for global Change|author=Bruce Hoffman|access-date=August 9, 2021|archive-date=August 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809074921/https://institute.global/policy/war-terror-20-years-crossroads-or-cul-de-sac|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[September 22]] – American spacecraft ''[[Deep Space 1]]'' flies within {{convert|2200|km}} of [[19P/Borrelly|Comet Borrelly]].<ref name="NASA-DS1-2001">{{Cite web |title=Deep Space 1 |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1998-061A |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=[[NASA]] |archive-date=May 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505130029/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1998-061A |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[September 27]] – [[Zug massacre]]: In [[Zug]], Switzerland, a gunman shoots 32 people, killing 14 [[members of parliament]] and then himself.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 September 2001 |title=Gunman kills 14 in Swiss assembly |publisher=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1566321.stm |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=January 6, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106093902/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1566321.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>

===October===
* [[October 1]]
** [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]] militants [[2001 Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly car bombing|attack]] the state legislature building in [[Srinagar]], Kashmir, killing 38 people.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dugger |first=Celia W. |date=2001-10-04 |title=Kashmir Mourns 38 Attack Victims |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/04/world/world-briefing-asia-india-kashmir-mourns-38-attack-victims.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120061310/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/04/world/world-briefing-asia-india-kashmir-mourns-38-attack-victims.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
** [[3G]] wireless technology first becomes available when it is [[3G adoption|adopted]] by Japanese telecommunications company [[NTT Docomo]].<ref name=":5" />{{Rp|page=182}}
[[File:131bf - Swissair Airbus A321-111; HB-IOE@ZRH;11.05.2001 (5588353622).jpg|thumb|Swissair Airbus A321-100 (2001)]]
* [[October 2]] – [[Swissair]], the&nbsp;national airline&nbsp;of Switzerland, seeks bankruptcy protection and grounds its entire fleet, stranding thousands of people worldwide.<ref name="Milner-2001">{{Cite web |last1=Milner |first1=Mark |last2=Harper |first2=Keith |last3=Clark |first3=Andrew |date=2001-10-03 |title=Financial crisis grounds Swissair fleet |url=http://www.theguardian.com/business/2001/oct/03/theairlineindustry.internationalnews |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=The Guardian |language=en |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120061313/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2001/oct/03/theairlineindustry.internationalnews |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[October 4]]
** [[Siberia Airlines Flight 1812]] is accidentally shot down by the [[Ukrainian Air Force]] over the Black Sea en route from [[Tel Aviv]], Israel, to [[Novosibirsk]], Russia; all 78 people on board are killed.<ref>{{cite web |title=MH17 crash: History of passenger planes shot down |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-28361223 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 May 2021 |date=2014-07-20 |archive-date=May 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520154738/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-28361223 |url-status=live }}</ref>
** [[2001 Kodori crisis]]: Fighting escalates between Georgia and the breakaway state [[Abkhazia]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2001-10-08 |title=UN helicopter shot down in Georgia |language=en-GB |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1586098.stm |access-date=2022-11-24 |archive-date=April 20, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100420204439/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1586098.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[October 7]] – [[United States invasion of Afghanistan]]: In response to the September 11 attacks, Afghanistan is invaded by a [[Participants in Operation Enduring Freedom|US-led coalition]], beginning the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in Afghanistan]].<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=41}}
* [[October 8]]
** [[2001 Linate Airport runway collision]]: A twin-engine [[Cessna]] and [[Scandinavian Airlines]] jetliner collide in heavy fog during takeoff from [[Milan]], Italy, killing 118 people.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Uj0jAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yewDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6610%2C3360451 |work=Deseret News |location=(Salt Lake City, Utah, US) |via=Associated Press |title=114 die when jet hits plane, then rams building in Milan |date=8 October 2001 |page=A2 |access-date=November 30, 2021 |archive-date=November 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130074949/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Uj0jAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yewDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6610,3360451 |url-status=live }}</ref>
** [[Hurricane Iris]] hits Belize, causing $250&nbsp;million (2001&nbsp;[[USD]]) in damage.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-09-10 |title=Powerful Hurricane Iris slams Belize |url=https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2001/10/09/powerful-hurricane-iris-slams-belize/ |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=Tampa Bay Times |language=en |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120225128/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2001/10/09/powerful-hurricane-iris-slams-belize/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[October 13]] – American scientists create the first successful [[Cloning|clone]] of a human [[embryo]].<ref name="Cibelli-2001">{{Cite web |date=2001-11-24 |title=The First Human Cloned Embryo |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-first-human-cloned-em/ |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=Scientific American |language=en |archive-date=November 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123230753/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-first-human-cloned-em/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[October 15]] – NASA's [[Galileo (spacecraft)|''Galileo'']] spacecraft passes within {{convert|181|km}} of [[Jupiter]]'s moon [[Io (moon)|Io]].<ref name="JPL-2001">{{Cite web |last= |date=2001-10-16 |title=Galileo Millennium Mission Status |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/galileo-millennium-mission-status-11 |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory |language=en-US |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120061309/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/galileo-millennium-mission-status-11 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[October 16]] – American planes misidentify and bomb a [[Red Cross]] facility in Afghanistan. A similar error occurs again on October 27.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Becker |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Schmitt |first2=Eric |date=2001-10-27 |title=A Nation Challenged: The Bombing; U.S. Planes Bomb a Red Cross Site |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/27/nyregion/a-nation-challenged-the-bombing-us-planes-bomb-a-red-cross-site.html |access-date=2022-11-24 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124072719/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/27/nyregion/a-nation-challenged-the-bombing-us-planes-bomb-a-red-cross-site.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[October 17]] – [[Assassination of Rehavam Ze'evi]]: Israeli tourism minister [[Rehavam Ze'evi]] is assassinated by the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bennet |first1=James |date=16 October 2001 |title=Right-Wing Israeli Minister Is Killed |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/16/international/17WIRE-ISRA.html |access-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-date=February 18, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218003159/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/16/international/17WIRE-ISRA.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[October 23]]
** Apple Inc. introduces the [[iPod]], a [[portable media player]]&nbsp;and multi-purpose&nbsp;mobile device.<ref name="Apple-2001">{{Cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2001/10/23Apple-Presents-iPod/|title=Apple Presents iPod|publisher=[[Apple Inc.]]|access-date=February 18, 2019|date=October 23, 2001|archive-date=August 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804025431/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2001/10/23Apple-Presents-iPod/|url-status=live}}</ref> The company will sell an estimated 450 million iPod products by May 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mickle |first=Tripp |date=2022-05-10 |title=Farewell to the iPod |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/10/technology/apple-ipod-phasing-out.html |access-date=2022-12-04 |archive-date=2022-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202214236/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/10/technology/apple-ipod-phasing-out.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
** The [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] begins disarmament, ending a decades-long conflict in [[Northern Ireland]].<ref name="auto11">{{Cite web |date=2001-10-23 |title=IRA begins disarming |url=https://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/10/23/ira.announce/index.html |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=CNN |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120061310/https://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/10/23/ira.announce/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[October 24]] – The ''2001 Mars Odyssey'' arrives at Mars.<ref name="NASA Mars-2001" />
* [[October 25]]
** To avoid connotations with the [[Rwandan genocide]], the government of Rwanda adopts [[Flag of Rwanda|a new national flag]] for the country.<ref>{{cite news |last=Vesperini |first=Helen |date=31 December 2001 |title=Rwanda unveils new flag and anthem |publisher=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1735405.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031105035109/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1735405.stm |archive-date=5 November 2003}}</ref>
** Microsoft releases the [[Windows XP]] operating system to retail.<ref name=":5" />{{Rp|page=175}}<ref name="auto8" />
* [[October 30]] – The [[Aarhus Convention]] takes effect, establishing the right to environmental information and [[environmental justice]] for European and Central Asian countries.<ref name="auto7"/>

===November===
* November – The World Trade Organization begins the [[Doha Development Round]] to negotiate lower trade barriers between countries and integrate developing nations into the global economy.<ref name="auto24">{{Cite web |title=Doha Development Agenda |url=https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/eu-and-wto/doha-development-agenda_en |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=European Commission |language=en |archive-date=December 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203035823/https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/eu-and-wto/doha-development-agenda_en |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[November 1]] – An interim government in Burundi begins the peace process for the [[Burundian Civil War]].<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=27}}
* [[November 4]] – [[Hurricane Michelle]] hits Cuba, where the storm is the strongest tropical cyclone to make landfall on the island in more than [[Hurricane Fox (1952)|49&nbsp;years]]. It is the costliest hurricane in Cuban history to this point with an estimated $2&nbsp;billion in damage.<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL152001_Michelle.pdf |title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Michelle |last=Beven |first=Jack |date=2002-01-23 |publisher=[[National Hurricane Center]] |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=December 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213202507/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL152001_Michelle.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[November 7]] – [[Sabena]], the national airline of Belgium, goes bankrupt.<ref name="Orban-2021">{{Cite web |last=Orban |first=André |date=2021-11-06 |title=Twenty years ago, Sabena was declared bankrupt |url=https://www.aviation24.be/do-you-remember/20-years-ago-sabena-declared-bankrupt/ |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=Aviation24.be |language=en-GB |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120061308/https://www.aviation24.be/do-you-remember/20-years-ago-sabena-declared-bankrupt/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[November 10]]
** [[2001 Australian federal election]]: The [[Coalition (Australia)|Coalition]] government, led by [[John Howard]], is re-elected with a slightly increased majority, defeating the [[Australian Labor Party|Labor Party]] led by [[Kim Beazley]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://australianpolitics.com/elections/federal-2001|title=2001 Federal Election &#124; AustralianPolitics.com|website=australianpolitics.com|access-date=February 26, 2018|archive-date=July 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701165516/http://australianpolitics.com/elections/federal-2001|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Fall of Mazar-i-Sharif]]: American and Northern Alliance forces take [[Mazar-i-Sharif]] in the first major offensive of the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in Afghanistan]].<ref name="The Guardian-2001">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2001-11-09 |title='Taliban fall' in Mazar-i-Sharif |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/nov/09/afghanistan.terrorism7 |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=The Guardian |language=en |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124072728/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/nov/09/afghanistan.terrorism7 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[November 11]] – Two French journalists, [[Pierre Billaud]] and [[Johanne Sutton]], and a German colleague, [[Volker Handloik]], are killed in Afghanistan during an attack on their convoy.<ref>[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9905EFDC1038F930A25752C1A9679C8B63 A Nation Challenged; Two French Radio Journalists and a German Are Killed in Taliban Ambush of a Rebel Force] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416024012/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/13/world/nation-challenged-media-two-french-radio-journalists-german-are-killed-taliban.html |date=April 16, 2020 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', November 13, 2001</ref>
* [[November 12]]
** [[American Airlines Flight 587]] crashes in [[Belle Harbor, Queens|Belle Harbor]], [[Queens]], on the [[Rockaway Peninsula]] shortly after [[takeoff]], killing all 260 people aboard the plane as well as five people on the ground.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |date=November 12, 2001 |title=ASN Aircraft accident Airbus A300B4-605R N14053 Belle Harbor, NY |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20011112-0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420004450/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20011112-0 |archive-date=April 20, 2014 |access-date=April 20, 2016 |website=Aviation Safety Network |publisher=[[Flight Safety Foundation]]}}</ref>
** [[2001 uprising in Herat]]: [[Northern Alliance]] forces take the city of [[Herat]] from the Taliban.<ref name="CNN-2001d">{{Cite web |date=November 12, 2001 |title=Alliance halts advance on Kabul, takes Herat |url=http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/central/11/12/ret.move.on.kabul/index.html |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=CNN |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124161738/http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/central/11/12/ret.move.on.kabul/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[November 14]]
** [[Fall of Kabul (2001)|Fall of Kabul]]: Northern Alliance forces take the Afghan capital [[Kabul]].<ref name="The Guardian-2001b">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2001-11-13 |title=Northern Alliance takes Kabul |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/nov/13/afghanistan.terrorism15 |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=The Guardian |language=en |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120061313/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/nov/13/afghanistan.terrorism15 |url-status=live }}</ref>
** [[2001 Kunlun earthquake|A 7.8-magnitude earthquake]] strikes China with an [[epicenter]] near [[Kokoxili]], but it occurs in a sparsely populated mountainous region and there are no casualties.<ref name="VanderWoerd_etal_2005"/>
* [[November 15]] – [[Microsoft]] enters the [[Video game console|gaming console]] market with the release of the [[Xbox (console)|Xbox]], a&nbsp;[[Sixth generation of video game consoles|sixth-generation gaming console]], in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-06-12|title=Xbox Arrives in New York Tonight at Toys "R" Us Times Square|website=[[Microsoft]]|url=http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/2001/nov01/11-14midnightmadnesspr.aspx|access-date=2021-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612000737/http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/2001/nov01/11-14midnightmadnesspr.aspx|archive-date=June 12, 2013}}</ref>
* [[November 18]] – The [[Leonids]] meteor shower occurs in its heaviest concentration in decades as Earth passes through a debris cloud.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 18, 2001 |title=Meteor storm provides stellar show |url=http://www.cnn.com/2001/TECH/space/11/16/meteor.showers/ |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=CNN |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124172230/http://www.cnn.com/2001/TECH/space/11/16/meteor.showers/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[November 23]] – The [[Convention on Cybercrime]], the first international treaty to address [[cybercrime]], is signed in [[Budapest]], Hungary.<ref name="Weber-2003">{{Cite journal |last=Weber |first=Amalie M. |date=2003 |title=The Council of Europe's Convention on Cybercrime |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24120528 |journal=Berkeley Technology Law Journal |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=425–446 |jstor=24120528 |issn=1086-3818 |access-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120061308/https://www.jstor.org/stable/24120528 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Exoplanet Comparison HD 209458 b.png|thumb|Size comparison of HD 209458 b with [[Jupiter]] (left)]]
* [[November 27]] – A hydrogen atmosphere is discovered on the [[extrasolar planet]] [[HD 209458 b]], nicknamed Osiris, by the [[Hubble Space Telescope]]. It is the first atmosphere detected on an extrasolar planet.<ref name="Hubble-2001">{{Cite web |title=Hubble Makes First Direct Measurements of Atmosphere on World Around another Star |url=https://hubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/2001/news-2001-38 |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=HubbleSite.org |language=en}}</ref>

===December===
* December – [[Dasht-i-Leili massacre]]: Hundreds of Taliban prisoners are killed by the forces of [[Abdul Rashid Dostum]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gall |first=Carlotta |date=2002-05-01 |title=Study Hints at Mass Killing of the Taliban |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/01/world/study-hints-at-mass-killing-of-the-taliban.html |access-date=2022-11-24 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202170819/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/01/world/study-hints-at-mass-killing-of-the-taliban.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[December 1]]
** The [[International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty]] produces a report on [[responsibility to protect]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2001-12-01 |title=The Responsibility to Protect: Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, 2001 |url=https://www.globalr2p.org/resources/the-responsibility-to-protect-report-of-the-international-commission-on-intervention-and-state-sovereignty-2001/ |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120061309/https://www.globalr2p.org/resources/the-responsibility-to-protect-report-of-the-international-commission-on-intervention-and-state-sovereignty-2001/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
** A series of [[Ben Yehuda Street bombings#2001 (11 killed)|bombings]] in [[Zion Square]] are carried out by Hamas. Ten people are killed and hundreds more are injured.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 1, 2001 |title=Terror strikes in Jerusalem kill 10 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/12/01/mideast/ |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=CNN |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124072719/http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/12/01/mideast/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[December 2]]
** [[Enron]] files for [[Chapter 11, Title 11, United States Code|Chapter 11 bankruptcy]] protection five days after [[Dynegy]] cancels a US$8.4&nbsp;billion buyout bid (to this point, the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history).<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Oppel |first1=Richard A. |last2=Sorkin |first2=Andrew Ross |date=2001-12-03 |title=Enron's Collapse: The Overview; Enron Corp. Files Largest U.S. Claim for Bankruptcy |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/03/business/enron-s-collapse-the-overview-enron-corp-files-largest-us-claim-for-bankruptcy.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120061312/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/03/business/enron-s-collapse-the-overview-enron-corp-files-largest-us-claim-for-bankruptcy.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
** [[Haifa bus 16 suicide bombing]]: A Hamas militant carries out a suicide bombing in [[Haifa]], Israel, killing 15 people.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2, 2001 |title=Bus blast kills at least 16 in Haifa, Israel |url=http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/12/02/haifa.attack/ |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=CNN |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124072718/http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/12/02/haifa.attack/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[December 3]] – The [[Segway]], a self-balancing [[personal transporter]] invented by [[Dean Kamen]], is unveiled after months of public speculation and media hype<ref name="speculation"/> on the [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] morning program ''[[Good Morning America]]''.<ref name="auto4"/>
* [[December 5]] – [[2001 Sayyd Alma Kalay airstrike]]: An American airstrike mistakenly targets a friendly position, killing 11 people in a [[friendly fire]] incident.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2001-12-05 |title=Three U.S. Troops Killed by Stray Bomb |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=80352&page=1 |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=ABC News |language=en |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124161737/https://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=80352&page=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[December 6]] – [[Fall of Kandahar]]: The Taliban surrenders in [[Kandahar]], its final stronghold.<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=42}}
* [[December 8]] – An ebola outbreak is confirmed in Gabon.<ref name="auto2"/>
* [[December 11]] – China joins the World Trade Organization.<ref name=":15" />
* [[December 13]]
** [[2001 Indian Parliament attack]]: Nine people and five terrorists are killed in a terrorist attack in [[New Delhi]], leading to the [[2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff]].<ref name="Embassy of India-2001">{{cite web |url=http://www.indianembassy.org/new/parliament_dec_13_01.htm |title=Terrorist Attack on the Parliament of India |date=2001-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611152203/http://www.indianembassy.org/new/parliament_dec_13_01.htm |archive-date=2010-06-11 |publisher=Embassy of India – Washington DC |access-date=2018-12-12 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
** U.S. President George W. Bush announces the American withdrawal from the 1972 [[Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Remarks Announcing the United States Withdrawal From the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty |url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-announcing-the-united-states-withdrawal-from-the-anti-ballistic-missile-treaty |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=www.presidency.ucsb.edu |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120061323/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-announcing-the-united-states-withdrawal-from-the-anti-ballistic-missile-treaty |url-status=live }}</ref>
** [[Sirajuddin of Perlis]] becomes the [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]], the&nbsp;[[constitutional monarch]]&nbsp;and&nbsp;[[head of state]]&nbsp;of&nbsp;Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2001-12-13 |title=Malaysia's king sworn in |language=en-GB |work=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1707855.stm |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120215438/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1707855.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[December 15]] – The [[Leaning Tower of Pisa]] is reopened to the public after 12 years of reconstruction.<ref name="auto21"/>
* [[December 17]] – [[Battle of Tora Bora]]: American forces take [[Tora Bora]], a cave complex and the headquarters of Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan. Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden escapes during the battle and goes into hiding.<ref name="Kerry-2009">{{Cite report |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CPRT-111SPRT53709/html/CPRT-111SPRT53709.htm |title=Rota Bora Revisited: How We Failed to Get bin Laden and Why It Matters Today |last=Kerry |first=John F. |date=2009-11-30 |author-link=John Kerry |access-date=2022-11-24 |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120161725/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CPRT-111SPRT53709/html/CPRT-111SPRT53709.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[December 19]] – A record-high [[Atmospheric pressure|barometric pressure]] of 1085.6 [[Pascal (unit)|hPa]] (32.06 [[Inch of mercury|inHg]]) is recorded at [[Tosontsengel, Zavkhan]], Mongolia.<ref name="ASU1">{{cite web |title=World: Highest Sea Level Air Pressure Above 750 meters |url=http://wmo.asu.edu/highest-sea-lvl-air-pressure-above-700m |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013225735/http://wmo.asu.edu/highest-sea-lvl-air-pressure-above-700m |archive-date=13 October 2012 |publisher=Arizona State University}}</ref>
* [[December 21]] – President [[Fernando de la Rúa]] of Argentina resigns in response to the [[December 2001 riots in Argentina|riots]] against Argentina's [[1998–2002 Argentine great depression|economic crisis]].<ref name="Krauss-2001">{{Cite news |last=Krauss |first=Clifford |date=2001-12-21 |title=Argentine Leader, His Nation Frayed, Abruptly Resigns |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/21/world/argentine-leader-his-nation-frayed-abruptly-resigns.html |access-date=2022-11-24 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124072723/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/21/world/argentine-leader-his-nation-frayed-abruptly-resigns.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:North-Korea spy-vessel 2.jpg|thumb|A&nbsp;[[ZPU]]-2&nbsp;anti-aircraft gun that was mounted on the North Korean vessel sunk in the Battle of Amami-Ōshima]]
* [[December 22]]
** [[Battle of Amami-Ōshima]]: A [[Japan Coast Guard]] ship and an armed North Korean vessel engage in conflict near the Japanese island of [[Amami Ōshima]], in the [[East China Sea]]. The encounter ends in the sinking of the North Korean vessel that is later determined to have been a [[Spy ship|spy craft]] by the Japanese authorities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0XPQ/is_2002_Oct_7/ai_94075498|title=Japan announces sunken boat was N. Korean spy ship|website=BNET|date=7 October 2002|access-date=13 June 2018|archive-date=August 31, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831154904/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0XPQ/is_2002_Oct_7/ai_94075498/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/asia-pacific/1727867.stm|title=Japan says 'spy ship' fired rockets|date=25 December 2001|website=BBC News|access-date=29 January 2009|archive-date=June 25, 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040625144527/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/asia-pacific/1727867.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Burhanuddin Rabbani]], political leader of the Northern Alliance, hands over power in Afghanistan to the interim government headed by President [[Hamid Karzai]].<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=43}}<ref name="Gall-2002">{{Cite news |last=Gall |first=Carlotta |date=20 June 2002 |title=A Buoyant Karzai is Sworn In as Afghanistan's Leader |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/20/world/a-buoyant-karzai-is-sworn-in-as-afghanistan-s-leader.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100228162323/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/20/world/a-buoyant-karzai-is-sworn-in-as-afghanistan-s-leader.html |archive-date=28 February 2010}}</ref>
* [[December 24]] – The [[Constitution of the Comoros]] is [[2001 Comorian constitutional referendum|amended]], creating a federal government with a rotating presidency and granting increased autonomy to the three island administrations.<ref name="auto15"/>
* [[December 27]]
** China is granted permanent [[Most favoured nation|normal trade]] status with the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title=President Grants Permanent Trade Status to China |url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/12/20011227-2.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov |archive-date=September 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927180553/https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/12/20011227-2.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
** [[Tropical Storm Vamei]] forms within 1.5 degrees of the [[equator]]. No other tropical cyclone in recorded history has come as close to the equator.<ref name="nps">{{cite web |author1=C.P. Chang |author2=Ching-Hwang Liu |author3=Hung-Chi Kuo |year=2003 |title=Typhoon Vamei: An Equatorial Tropical Cyclone Formation |url=http://www.weather.nps.navy.mil/cpchang/papers/vamei/vamei.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723011520/http://www.weather.nps.navy.mil/cpchang/papers/vamei/vamei.htm |archive-date=23 July 2012 |publisher=Naval Postgraduate School Department of Meteorology}}</ref>