Editing Warren G. Harding (section)

====Latin America====
Intervention in Latin America had been a minor campaign issue, though Harding spoke against Wilson's decision to [[United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–24)|send U.S. troops to the Dominican Republic]] and Haiti, and attacked the Democratic vice presidential candidate, Franklin Roosevelt, for his role in the [[United States occupation of Haiti|Haitian intervention]]. Once Harding was sworn in, Hughes worked to improve relations with Latin American countries who were wary of the American use of the [[Monroe Doctrine]] to justify intervention; at the time of Harding's inauguration, the U.S. also had troops in Cuba and Nicaragua. The troops stationed in Cuba were withdrawn in 1921, but U.S. forces remained in the other three nations throughout Harding's presidency.{{efn|By Hughes's departure from office in 1925, American forces had left the Dominican Republic and were about to leave Nicaragua. The departure from Haiti was still being planned. See {{harvnb|Trani & Wilson|p=135}}.}}{{sfn|Trani & Wilson|pp=133–135}} In April 1921, Harding gained the ratification of the [[Thomson–Urrutia Treaty]] with Colombia, granting that nation $25 million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|25|1921|r=2}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation-year|US}}) as settlement for the U.S.-provoked [[Separation of Panama from Colombia|Panamanian revolution of 1903]].{{sfn|Murray 1969|pp=340–341}} The Latin American nations were not fully satisfied, as the U.S. refused to renounce interventionism, though Hughes pledged to limit it to nations near the Panama Canal, and to make it clear what the U.S. aims were.{{sfn|Trani & Wilson|pp=136–137}}

The U.S. had intervened repeatedly in Mexico under Wilson, and had withdrawn diplomatic recognition, setting conditions for reinstatement. The Mexican government under President [[Álvaro Obregón]] wanted recognition before negotiations, but Wilson and his final Secretary of State, [[Bainbridge Colby]], refused. Both Hughes and Fall opposed recognition; Hughes instead sent a draft treaty to the Mexicans in May 1921, which included pledges to reimburse Americans for losses in Mexico since the [[Mexican Revolution|1910 revolution]] there. Obregón was unwilling to sign a treaty before being recognized, and worked to improve the relationship between American business and Mexico, reaching agreement with creditors, and mounting a public relations campaign in the United States. This had its effect, and by mid-1922, Fall was less influential than he had been, lessening the resistance to recognition. The two presidents appointed commissioners to reach a deal, and the U.S. recognized the Obregón government on August 31, 1923, just under a month after Harding's death, substantially on the terms proffered by Mexico.{{sfn|Trani & Wilson|pp=130–132}}