Editing Veganism (section)

==Animal products==

[[File:Pflanzlicher Fleischersatz.jpg|thumb|alt=photograph of mock meats in Vienna|upright=1.2|[[Meat alternative|Mock meats]] in a supermarket in Vienna|right]]

===General===

Like [[Vegetarianism|vegetarians]], vegans do not eat meat (including [[beef]], [[pork]], [[poultry]], [[seafood]], [[fowl]], and [[Game (hunting)|game]]).

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|quote=[https://www.vegansociety.com//sites/default/files/uploads/VeganTM-Palette1-PLUM.png Vegan Society sunflower]:<br>certified vegan, no animal testing<br>
[https://www.peta.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/New-BWB-Logos.png PETA bunny]:<br>certified vegan, no animal testing<br>
[https://web.archive.org/web/20170628093653/https://www.onegreenplanet.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/10//2014/02/leapingbunny.gif Leaping bunny]:<br>no animal testing, might not be vegan
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While vegans broadly abstain from animal products, there are many ways in which animal products are used, and different individuals and organizations that identify with the practice of veganism may use some limited animal products based on philosophy, means or other concerns. Philosopher [[Gary Steiner]] argues that it is not possible to be entirely vegan, because animal use and products are "deeply and imperceptibly woven into the fabric of human society".<ref>Gary Steiner, ''Animals and the Limits of Postmodernism'', New York: Columbia University Press, 2013, 127–128.</ref>

''Animal Ingredients A to Z'' (2004) and ''Veganissimo A to Z'' (2013) list which ingredients might be animal-derived. The British Vegan Society's sunflower logo and PETA's bunny logo mean the product is certified vegan, which includes no [[animal testing]]. The Leaping Bunny logo signals no animal testing, but it might not be vegan.<ref name=VAcert>{{Cite web|url=https://vegan.org/certification/|title=Certification|publisher=[[Vegan Awareness Foundation]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315022456/https://vegan.org/certification/|archive-date=15 March 2018|url-status=live|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onegreenplanet.org/lifestyle/how-to-read-a-cruelty-free-cosmetics-label/|title=How to Read a Cruelty-Free Cosmetics Label|last=Croswell|first=Alexis|date=5 February 2014|publisher=One Green Planet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315021008/https://www.onegreenplanet.org/lifestyle/how-to-read-a-cruelty-free-cosmetics-label/|archive-date=15 March 2018|url-status=live|access-date=14 March 2018}}{{pb}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.leapingbunny.org/about/faq#answer-7|title=FAQ: Are all Leaping Bunny companies vegan (i.e., manufactured without animal by-products)?|publisher=Leaping Bunny|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315023941/http://www.leapingbunny.org/about/faq#answer-7|archive-date=15 March 2018|url-status=live|access-date=14 March 2018|quote=The Leaping Bunny list does not provide information about the composition of ingredients. Because ingredient information is available—and required by law—we know that conscientious consumers can read labels to discover whether products are vegan or not. For this reason, Leaping Bunny chooses to focus its resources on validating information that is not readily available to consumers, such as animal testing claims. Many Leaping Bunny companies are committed to manufacturing natural and vegan products; however, the Leaping Bunny Program can only certify the animal testing component of this process.|date=27 February 2014}}</ref> The Vegan Society criteria for vegan certification are that the product contain no animal products, and that neither the finished item nor its ingredients have been tested on animals by, or on behalf of, the manufacturer or by anyone over whom the manufacturer has control. Its website contains a list of certified products,<ref name=VTS/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vegansociety.com/resources/lifestyle/shopping/trademark-search|title=Trademark search|publisher=The Vegan Society|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315025809/https://vegansociety.com/resources/lifestyle/shopping/trademark-search|archive-date=15 March 2018|url-status=live|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref> as does Australia's Choose Cruelty Free (CCF).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://choosecrueltyfree.org.au/lists/vegan/|title=Choose Cruelty Free list (vegan) Archives|publisher=Choose Cruelty Free|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315024633/https://choosecrueltyfree.org.au/lists/vegan/|archive-date=15 March 2018|url-status=live|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref> The British Vegan Society will certify a product only if it is free of animal involvement as far as possible and practical, including [[animal testing]],<ref name=VTS>{{Cite web|url=https://vegansociety.com/your-business/vegan-trademark-standards|title=Vegan Trademark standards|publisher=The Vegan Society|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314010829/https://vegansociety.com/your-business/vegan-trademark-standards|archive-date=14 March 2018|url-status=live|access-date=13 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vegansociety.com/Lifestyle-And-Nutrition/Food/Criteria-for-Vegan-Food.aspx|title=Criteria for Vegan Food|publisher=The Vegan Society|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100207022227/http://vegansociety.com/Lifestyle-And-Nutrition/Food/Criteria-for-Vegan-Food.aspx|archive-date=7 February 2010|url-status=dead|access-date=13 March 2018}}</ref><ref name=AmVeg>{{Cite web|url=http://www.americanvegan.org/vegan.htm|title=What is Vegan?|publisher=[[American Vegan Society]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317065205/http://www.americanvegan.org/vegan.htm|archive-date=17 March 2018|url-status=dead|access-date=17 March 2018}}</ref> but "recognises that it is not always possible to make a choice that avoids the use of animals",<ref name=VSmedications>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vegansociety.com/resources/nutrition-and-health/medications|title=Medications|publisher=The Vegan Society|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314011249/https://www.vegansociety.com/resources/nutrition-and-health/medications|archive-date=14 March 2018|url-status=live|access-date=13 March 2018|quote=Vegans avoid using animals 'as far as is practicable and possible'. This definition recognises that it is not always possible to make a choice that avoids the use of animals. Sometimes, you may have no alternative to taking prescribed medication.}}</ref> an issue that was highlighted in 2016 when it became known that the UK's newly introduced [[Bank of England £5 note#Ingredients controversy|£5 note]] contained tallow.<ref name="Guardian 29 November 2016">{{cite news |last= Kollewe |first= Julia | title= Bank of England urged to make new £5 note vegan-friendly |url= https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/nov/29/bank-of-england-urged-to-make-new-5-note-vegan-friendly | date= 29 November 2016|newspaper= [[The Guardian]] |location=London| access-date= 7 January 2019 }}</ref><ref name="BBC News 8 December 2016">{{cite web | title= How difficult is it to avoid animal products in everyday life? |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-38205600 | last= Halford | first= Jodie| date= 8 December 2016| website= [[BBC News Online]] | access-date= 7 January 2019 }}</ref>

[[File:Animal Abuse Battery Cage 02.jpg|thumb|alt=photograph of farm hens in battery cages|Modern methods of factory farming are considered highly unethical by most vegans.]]

===Clothing===

Many clothing products may be made of animal products such as [[silk]], [[wool]] (including [[lambswool]], [[shearling]], [[Cashmere wool|cashmere]], [[Angora wool|angora]], [[mohair]], and a number of other fine wools), fur, feathers, pearls, animal-derived dyes, [[leather]], snakeskin, or other kinds of skin or animal product. Most leather clothing is made from cow skins. Vegans discourage the use of leather but may continue to wear leather they bought before adopting the diet on the grounds that they are not financially supporting the [[meat industry]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vegansociety.com/go-vegan/veguide|url-status=live|title=Can you be a 'real' vegan if you still own leather products?|website=The Vegan Society|date=1 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416000000/https://www.vegansociety.com/go-vegan/veguide|archive-date=16 April 2024|access-date=21 May 2024}} [https://archive.org/details/258-f-9646-4208-4658-8-ca-3-29593-cc-50-e-07/258F9646-4208-4658-8CA3-29593CC50E07.png Alt URL]</ref> However, vegans try to work towards a point where they no longer own animal products.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vegansociety.com/resources/general-faqs|url-status=live|title=Answers to common questions about us and the vegan lifestyle|website=The Vegan Society|date=2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221074914/https://www.vegansociety.com/resources/general-faqs|archive-date=21 February 2023|access-date=21 May 2024|quote=Continuing to use products that are not vegan – such as wool clothing and leather footwear or accessories – can make it seem that these items are acceptable or even desirable. For example, why not wear a fur coat that is inherited if the animal died 50 years ago? The problem is that doing so suggests that fur coats are attractive, glamorous, desirable and that the fur of animals should be worn on the backs of humans rather than animals. Veganism is an ethical belief, and many of those who decide to go vegan, particularly for animal rights issues, would not be comfortable wearing leather or wool items anymore. Many feel that it is best to work towards a point where they no longer own animal products, replacing them with vegan alternatives as and when they can afford to do so.}}</ref> Ethical vegans may wear clothing items and accessories made of non-animal-derived materials such as hemp, linen, cotton, canvas, polyester, [[artificial leather]] (pleather), rubber, and vinyl.<ref name="Stepaniak">{{cite book |author=Joanne Stepaniak |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Ia5eZIlgLUC&pg=PA115 |title=The Vegan Sourcebook |date=2000 | publisher=McGraw Hill Professional |isbn=978-0-07-139221-1}}</ref>{{rp|16}} Leather alternatives can come from materials such as cork, [[piña]] (from pineapples), cactus, and mushroom leather.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Phloem|date=29 June 2017|title=These are the five most innovative materials being used in vegan fashion|url=https://www.theflamingvegan.com/view-post/These-are-the-five-most-innovative-materials-being-used-in-vegan-fashion-1|url-status=live|publisher=The Flaming Vegan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315032300/https://www.theflamingvegan.com/view-post/These-are-the-five-most-innovative-materials-being-used-in-vegan-fashion-1|archive-date=15 March 2018|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hickey |first1=Shane |title=Wearable pineapple fibres could prove sustainable alternative to leather |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/dec/21/wearable-pineapple-leather-alternative |work=The Guardian |date=21 December 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Sophie Hirsh|title=Cactus Leather Is the Newest Eco-Friendly Fabric|url=https://www.greenmatters.com/p/vegan-cactus-leather-desserto|url-status=live|publisher=Green Matters|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512161149/https://www.greenmatters.com/p/vegan-cactus-leather-desserto|archive-date=12 May 2020|access-date=15 June 2020}}</ref> Some vegan clothes, in particular leather alternatives, are made of petroleum-based products, which has triggered criticism because of the environmental damage involved in their production.<ref>Stepaniak 2000, [https://books.google.com/books?id=6Ia5eZIlgLUC&pg=PA20 20], [https://books.google.com/books?id=6Ia5eZIlgLUC&pg=PA115 115–118], [https://books.google.com/books?id=6Ia5eZIlgLUC&pg=PA154 154].</ref>

=== Toiletries ===
{{further|Testing cosmetics on animals}}

[[File:Oliiviöljysaippua.JPG|thumb|alt=photograph of vegan soap bar|[[Vegan soap]]s can be made from [[olive oil]]. Other soap is sometimes made from [[tallow]] (animal fat).]]

While dietary vegans might use animal products in toiletries, ethical veganism extends not only to matters of food but also to the use of animal products, and rejects the [[commodification]] of animals altogether.<ref name="Francione2010"/>{{rp|62|quote=[Gary L. Francione:] Although veganism may represent a matter of diet or lifestyle for some, ethical veganism is a profound moral and political commitment to abolition on the individual level and extends not only to matters of food but also to the wearing or using of animal products. Ethical veganism is the personal rejection of the commodity status of nonhuman animals, of the notion that animals have only external value, and of the notion that animals have less moral value than do humans.}} Ethical vegans replace [[personal care]] products and [[household cleaner]]s containing animal products with vegan products. Animal ingredients are ubiquitous because they are relatively inexpensive. After animals are slaughtered for meat, the leftovers are put through a [[Rendering (animals)|rendering]] process and some of that material, particularly the fat, is used in toiletries. Vegans also avoid using [[sea sponge]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sustainablejungle.com/sustainable-living/are-sea-sponges-sustainable-ethicals|url-status=live|title=Are Sea Sponges Sustainable And Ethical?|website=Sustainable Jungle|date=6 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523085742/https://www.sustainablejungle.com/sustainable-living/are-sea-sponges-sustainable-ethical/|archive-date=23 May 2022|access-date=28 May 2022|quote=Are Sea Sponges Vegan? Technically no, they're not vegan. They're classed as an animal and therefore those who staunchly avoid animal products may want to avoid sponges, too.}}</ref>

Common animal-derived ingredients include [[tallow]] in soap; [[collagen]]-derived [[glycerine]], which used as a lubricant and [[humectant]] in many haircare products, moisturizers, shaving foams, soaps and toothpastes;<ref name=toiletries/> [[lanolin]] from sheep's wool, often found in lip balm and moisturizers; [[stearic acid]], a common ingredient in face creams, shaving foam and shampoos (like glycerine, it can be plant-based, but is usually animal-derived); [[lactic acid]], an [[alpha-hydroxy acid]] derived from animal milk, used in moisturizers; [[allantoin]]—from the [[comfrey]] plant or cow urine—found in shampoos, moisturizers and toothpaste;<ref name=toiletries>''Animal Ingredients A to Z'', E. G. Smith Collective, 2004, 3rd edition; Lars Thomsen and Reuben Proctor, ''Veganissimo A to Z'', The Experiment, 2013 (first published in Germany, 1996).{{pb}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.peta.org/living/food/animal-ingredients-list/|title=Animal-Derived Ingredients Resource|date=18 April 2012|publisher=[[PETA]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315020126/https://www.peta.org/living/food/animal-ingredients-list/|archive-date=15 March 2018|url-status=live|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref> and [[carmine]] from [[scale insect]]s, such as the female [[cochineal]], used in food and cosmetics to produce red and pink shades;<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mestel|first=Rosie|date=20 April 2012|title=Cochineal and Starbucks: Actually, this dye is everywhere|url=https://www.latimes.com/health/la-xpm-2012-apr-20-la-heb-cochineal-starbucks-20120420-story.html|url-status=live|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161206021847/https://articles.latimes.com/2012/apr/20/news/la-heb-cochineal-starbucks-20120420|archive-date=6 December 2016|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref><ref>Raymond Eller Kirk, Donald Frederick Othmer, ''Kirk-Othmer Chemical Technology of Cosmetics'', John Wiley & Sons, 2012, 535.</ref>

[[Beauty Without Cruelty]], founded as a charity in 1959, was one of the earliest manufacturers and certifiers of animal-free personal care products.<ref>[[Andrew Linzey|Linzey, Andrew]]. "Dowding, Lady Muriel", ''Encyclopedia of Animal Rights and Animal Welfare''. Greenwood, 1998, 139{{pb}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.beautywithoutcruelty.com/about-us|title=About Beauty Without Cruelty (The History of Beauty Without Cruelty)|publisher=[[Beauty Without Cruelty]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315030116/https://www.beautywithoutcruelty.com/about-us|archive-date=15 March 2018|url-status=live|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref>

===Hair extensions===
Hair extensions are generally avoided by ethical vegans since they are made from human hair, but ethical vegans may use synthetic alternatives. Environmental vegans avoid synthetic hair extensions due to their biodegradability.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Dan Charles |title=Are HUMAN Hair Extensions Vegan? Here's What Seasoned Vegans Have to Say
|url=https://craftyhairhacks.com/are-hair-extensions-vegan/|publisher=Crafy Hair Hacks |access-date=28 November 2023 |date=March 2020}}</ref>

===Insect products===

Vegans disagree about insect products.<ref name="Slate">{{Cite journal|url=https://www.slate.com/articles/life/food/2008/07/the_great_vegan_honey_debate.html|title=The Great Vegan Honey Debate: Is honey the dairy of the insect world?|last=Engber|first=Daniel|date=30 July 2008|journal=Slate|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309213633/https://www.slate.com/articles/life/food/2008/07/the_great_vegan_honey_debate.html|archive-date=9 March 2018|url-status=live|access-date=9 March 2018}}</ref> Neither the Vegan Society nor the American Vegan Society considers honey, silk, and other insect products suitable for vegans.<ref name=AmVeg/><ref name="VeganSoc">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vegansociety.com/go-vegan/honey-industry|title=The honey industry|publisher=[[The Vegan Society]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309212116/https://www.vegansociety.com/go-vegan/honey-industry|archive-date=9 March 2018|url-status=live|access-date=9 March 2018}}</ref> Some vegans believe that exploiting the labor of bees and harvesting their energy source is immoral, and that commercial beekeeping operations can harm and even kill bees.<ref name=WashingtonPost>{{cite news
 | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/voraciously/wp/2018/10/17/sorry-vegans-if-you-dont-eat-honey-avocados-might-be-off-limits-too/ 
 | title =Sorry, vegans. If you don't eat honey, avocados might be off-limits, too. 
 | newspaper =Washington Post
 | access-date =2 September 2019
 }}</ref> Insect products can be defined much more widely, as commercial bees are used to pollinate about 100 different food crops.<ref name="Slate"/>

===Pet food===
{{Further|Vegetarian and vegan dog diet|Dog food#Vegetarian and vegan dog diet|Cat food#Vegetarian and vegan diet|Cat health#Diet and nutrition}}

[[File:Number and years of publication of studies involving dogs and cats fed vegan diets.png|thumb|Number and years of publication of studies involving dogs and cats fed vegan diets<ref name="Veterinary Sciences 2023"/>]]
Some environmental vegans do not use meat-based pet food to feed their pets due to its environmental impact,<ref name="PetFoodEnvironment">{{Cite news|last=Heinze|first=Cailin|date=15 March 2017|title=A big pawprint: The environmental impact of pet food|url=https://theconversation.com/a-big-pawprint-the-environmental-impact-of-pet-food-74004|url-status=live|department=Environment+Energy|work=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413223017/https://theconversation.com/a-big-pawprint-the-environmental-impact-of-pet-food-74004|archive-date=13 April 2018|access-date=13 April 2018}}{{pb}}{{Cite news|last=Hewitt|first=Alison|date=4 August 2017|title=The truth about cats' and dogs' environmental impact|url=https://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/the-truth-about-cats-and-dogs-environmental-impact|url-status=live|department=UCLA Newsroom|publisher=[[University of California, Los Angeles]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412030628/https://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/the-truth-about-cats-and-dogs-environmental-impact|archive-date=12 April 2018|access-date=12 April 2018}}{{pb}}</ref><ref name="Rastogi2010">{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/the_green_lantern/2010/02/the_trouble_with_kibbles.html|title=The Trouble With Kibbles|last=Rastogi|first=Nina|date=23 February 2010|department=Health and Science (The Green Lantern)|magazine=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412083930/https://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/the_green_lantern/2010/02/the_trouble_with_kibbles.html|archive-date=12 April 2018|url-status=live|access-date=12 April 2018}}</ref> and ethical vegans do not use meat-based pet food.{{refn|<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wakefield |first1=Lorelei A. |last2=Shofer |first2=Frances S. |last3=Michel |first3=Kathryn E. |title=Evaluation of cats fed vegetarian diets and attitudes of their caregivers |journal=Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |date=July 2006 |volume=229 |issue=1 |pages=70–73 |doi=10.2460/javma.229.1.70 |pmid=16817716 |s2cid=30948193 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rothgerber |first1=Hank |title=A meaty matter. Pet diet and the vegetarian's dilemma |journal=Appetite |date=September 2013 |volume=68 |pages=76–82 |doi=10.1016/j.appet.2013.04.012 |pmid=23619313 |s2cid=9531001 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Welch |first1=Dan |last2=Brown |first2=Katy |title=The ethics of veggie cats and dogs |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/2010/may/24/vegetarianism-pets-national-vegetarian-week-cats-dogs |work=The Guardian |date=24 May 2010 }}</ref><ref name="Capps2015">{{Cite web|url=https://freefromharm.org/common-justifications-for-eating-animals/vegan-dogs-and-cats/|title=Should Vegans Have Vegan Dogs and Cats?|last=Capps|first=Ashley|date=15 June 2015|publisher=Free From Harm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412111246/https://freefromharm.org/common-justifications-for-eating-animals/vegan-dogs-and-cats/|archive-date=12 April 2018|url-status=live|access-date=12 April 2018}}</ref>}}{{refn|<ref name="Rastogi2010"/><ref name="Eluxe">{{Cite web|url=https://eluxemagazine.com/magazine/cats-eat-a-vegan-diet/|title=Can Dogs & Cats Eat a Vegan Diet?|last=Gabardi|first=Chiara Spagnoli|website=Eluxe Magazine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412025057/https://eluxemagazine.com/magazine/cats-eat-a-vegan-diet/|archive-date=12 April 2018|url-status=dead|access-date=12 April 2018|date=7 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="Knight2015">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vegansociety.com/whats-new/blog/vegan-animal-diets-facts-and-myths|title=Vegan animal diets: facts and myths|last=Knight|first=Andrew|date=20 March 2015|publisher=[[The Vegan Society]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412024538/https://www.vegansociety.com/whats-new/blog/vegan-animal-diets-facts-and-myths|archive-date=12 April 2018|url-status=live|access-date=12 April 2018}}</ref><ref name="VeganPets">{{Cite news|last=James|first=Lauren|date=7 October 2017|title=Vegan dogs and cats in Hong Kong – how diet lowers pets' carbon footprint and improves their health, according to owners|url=http://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/health-beauty/article/2114234/vegan-pets-hong-kong-how-diet-lowers-carbon-footprint-dogs|url-status=live|department=Lifestyle (Health & Wellness)|work=[[South China Morning Post]]|publisher=[[Alibaba Group]]|publication-date=6 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413222327/http://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/health-beauty/article/2114234/vegan-pets-hong-kong-how-diet-lowers-carbon-footprint-dogs|archive-date=13 April 2018|access-date=13 April 2018}}{{pb}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/feb/02/the-owners-putting-pets-on-vegan-diets-we-feed-our-animals-without-exploiting-others|title=The owners putting pets on vegan diets: 'We feed our animals without exploiting others'|last=Solon|first=Olivia|date=2 February 2018|department=Life and Style|newspaper=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412110754/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/feb/02/the-owners-putting-pets-on-vegan-diets-we-feed-our-animals-without-exploiting-others|archive-date=12 April 2018|url-status=live|access-date=12 April 2018}}</ref>}} This is particularly true for domesticated cats<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/veggie-cat-food/|title=Veggie Cat Food? Why Not All Cats Need Meat|date=12 March 2009<!--Found in older archived copies.-->|department=EarthTalk|magazine=[[Scientific American]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412103032/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/veggie-cat-food/|archive-date=12 April 2018|url-status=live|access-date=12 April 2018|via=[[E–The Environmental Magazine]]}}</ref> and dogs,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/06/well/family/the-vegan-dog.html|title=The Vegan Dog|last=McDermott|first=Marie Tae|date=6 June 2017|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412115437/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/06/well/family/the-vegan-dog.html|archive-date=12 April 2018|url-status=live|access-date=12 April 2018}}</ref> for which vegan pet food is available.<ref name="Rastogi2010"/><ref name="Eluxe"/><ref name="Knight2015"/>

This practice has been met with caution and criticism,<ref name="Eluxe"/><ref name="VeganPetFoodCriticism">{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=7154396|title=Can My Pet Be a Vegan Like Me?|last1=Heussner|first1=Ki Mae|last2=Berman|first2=John|author-link2=John Berman|date=8 April 2009|department=Technology|publisher=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412085809/https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=7154396|archive-date=12 April 2018|url-status=live|access-date=12 April 2018}}{{pb}}{{cite web|url=https://pets.webmd.com/features/vegetarian-diet-dogs-cats|title=Should Your Pet Go on a Vegetarian Diet?|last=Hawn|first=Roxanne|others=Reviewed by Audrey Cook|date=19 May 2011|department=Healthy Pets|website=[[WebMD]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412024435/https://pets.webmd.com/features/vegetarian-diet-dogs-cats|archive-date=12 April 2018|url-status=live|access-date=12 April 2018}}{{pb}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/vegan-pet-food-triggers-meaty-debate-20120501-1xx3l.html|title=Vegan pet food triggers meaty debate|last=Nancarrow|first=Dan|date=2 May 2012|newspaper=[[Brisbane Times]]|publisher=[[Fairfax Digital]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412024948/https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/vegan-pet-food-triggers-meaty-debate-20120501-1xx3l.html|archive-date=12 April 2018|url-status=live|access-date=12 April 2018}}{{pb}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.pethealthnetwork.com/cat-health/cat-diet-nutrition/it-possible-or-safe-make-your-pet-a-vegetarian|title=Is It Possible (Or Safe) to Make Your Pet a Vegetarian?|last=Lee|first=Justine A.|date=25 September 2013<!--Found in older archived copies.-->|website=Pet Health Network|publisher=[[IDEXX Laboratories]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412091953/https://www.pethealthnetwork.com/cat-health/cat-diet-nutrition/it-possible-or-safe-make-your-pet-a-vegetarian|archive-date=12 April 2018|url-status=live|access-date=12 April 2018}}{{pb}}{{Cite news|last=Whigham|first=Nick|date=10 April 2018|title=Is it a terrible idea to make your pet a vegan?|url=http://www.news.com.au/technology/science/animals/is-it-a-terrible-idea-to-make-your-pet-a-vegan/news-story/cfe7f7bd4015b946c73d4e9071d7ccb8|url-status=live|department=Technology & Science (Animals)|website=[[news.com.au]]|publisher=[[News Corp Australia]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413222322/http://www.news.com.au/technology/science/animals/is-it-a-terrible-idea-to-make-your-pet-a-vegan/news-story/cfe7f7bd4015b946c73d4e9071d7ccb8|archive-date=13 April 2018|access-date=13 April 2018}}</ref> especially regarding vegan cat diets because, unlike omnivorous dogs, [[felid]]s are [[obligate carnivore]]s.<ref name="Capps2015"/><ref name="Eluxe"/><ref name="VeganPetFoodCriticism"/> A 2015 study found that 6 out of 24 commercial vegan pet food brands do not meet the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) labeling regulations for [[amino acid]] adequacy.<ref name="AVMA2015">{{cite journal |last1=Kanakubo |first1=Kayo |last2=Fascetti |first2=Andrea J. |last3=Larsen |first3=Jennifer A. |title=Assessment of protein and amino acid concentrations and labeling adequacy of commercial vegetarian diets formulated for dogs and cats |journal=Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |date=15 August 2015 |volume=247 |issue=4 |pages=385–392 |doi=10.2460/javma.247.4.385 |pmid=26225610 }}</ref>{{update inline|date=March 2023}} A 2023 systematic review found no evidence of considerable effects on health; however, it was pointed out that there were issues with selection bias, studies not being long term, and low sample sizes and recommended larger scale studies.<ref name="Veterinary Sciences 2023">{{cite journal |last1=Domínguez-Oliva |first1=Adriana |last2=Mota-Rojas |first2=Daniel |last3=Semendric |first3=Ines |last4=Whittaker |first4=Alexandra L. |title=The Impact of Vegan Diets on Indicators of Health in Dogs and Cats: A Systematic Review |journal=Veterinary Sciences |date=January 2023 |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=52 |doi=10.3390/vetsci10010052 |pmid=36669053 |pmc=9860667 |issn=2306-7381|doi-access=free}}</ref>

===Other products and farming practices===
{{See also|Vegan organic agriculture}}
A concern is the case of medications, which are routinely tested on animals to ensure they are effective and safe,<ref name=FDAdrugs>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resourcesforyou/consumers/ucm143534.htm|title=The FDA's Drug Review Process: Ensuring Drugs Are Safe and Effective|date=24 November 2017|publisher=[[Food and Drug Administration]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314011521/https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resourcesforyou/consumers/ucm143534.htm|archive-date=14 March 2018|url-status=live|access-date=13 March 2018}}</ref> and may also contain animal ingredients, such as [[lactose]], [[gelatine]], or [[stearate]]s.<ref name=VSmedications/> There may be no alternatives to prescribed medication or these alternatives may be unsuitable, less effective, or have more adverse side effects.<ref name=VSmedications/> Experimentation with laboratory animals is also used for evaluating the safety of vaccines, food additives, cosmetics, household products, workplace chemicals, and many other substances.<ref name=NRC2004>{{cite book |date= 2004|title= Science, Medicine, and Animals. Safety Testing |chapter= Safety Testing |url= https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK24645/ |location= Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US) |publisher= National Research Council (US) Committee to Update Science, Medicine, and Animals}}</ref> Vegans may avoid certain vaccines, such as the [[flu vaccine]], which is commonly produced in chicken eggs.<ref name=flublok/> An effective alternative, Flublok, is widely available in the United States.<ref name="flublok">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/vaccine/qa_flublok-vaccine.htm|title=Flublok Seasonal Influenza (Flu) Vaccine|date=14 December 2017|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314013058/https://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/vaccine/qa_flublok-vaccine.htm|archive-date=14 March 2018|url-status=live|access-date=13 March 2018}}</ref>

Farming of fruits and vegetables may include [[fertilizer|fertilizing]] the soil with [[animal manure]] {{ndash}} even on [[organic farm]]s,<ref name="charles">{{cite web |author1=Dan Charles |title=Organic farmers bash FDA restrictions on manure use |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/11/21/246386290/organic-farmers-bash-fda-restrictions-on-manure-use |publisher=NPR |access-date=4 January 2021 |date=21 November 2013}}</ref> possibly causing a concern to vegans for ethical or environmental reasons.<ref name="barkham">{{cite news |last=Barkham |first=Patrick |title={{-'}}We're humus sapiens': the farmers who shun animal manure |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2019/jan/12/were-humus-sapiens-the-farmers-who-shun-animal-manure |access-date=14 January 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 January 2019}}</ref> [[Animal-free agriculture|"Vegan" (or "animal-free") farming]] uses plant compost only.<ref name=barkham/>

{{Comparison of special diets}}
{{clear}}