Editing VHS (section)

== Variations ==
[[File:JVC-VHS Cassette001.JPG|thumb|[[JVC|Victor]] S-VHS (left) and S-VHS-C (right)]]

=== Super-VHS / ADAT / SVHS-ET ===
{{main|S-VHS}}
Several improved versions of VHS exist, most notably [[S-VHS|Super-VHS (S-VHS)]], an analog video standard with improved video bandwidth. S-VHS improved the horizontal luminance resolution to 400 lines (versus 250 for VHS/Beta and 500 for DVD). The audio system (both linear and AFM) is the same. S-VHS made little impact on the home market, but gained dominance in the camcorder market due to its superior picture quality.

The [[ADAT]] format provides the ability to record multitrack digital audio using S-VHS media. JVC also developed SVHS-ET technology for its Super-VHS camcorders and VCRs, which simply allows them to record Super VHS signals onto lower-priced VHS tapes, albeit with a slight blurring of the image. Nearly all later JVC Super-VHS camcorders and VCRs have SVHS-ET ability.

=== VHS-C / Super VHS-C ===
{{main|VHS-C}}
Another variant is [[VHS-C|VHS-Compact (VHS-C)]], originally developed for portable VCRs in 1982, but ultimately finding success in palm-sized [[camcorder]]s. The longest tape available for NTSC holds 60 minutes in SP mode and 180 minutes in EP mode. Since VHS-C tapes are based on the same magnetic tape as full-size tapes, they can be played back in standard VHS players using a mechanical adapter, without the need of any kind of signal conversion. The magnetic tape on VHS-C cassettes is wound on one main spool and uses a gear wheel to advance the tape.<ref name="Parekh" />

The adapter is mechanical, although early examples were motorized, with a battery. It has an internal hub to engage with the VCR mechanism in the location of a normal full-size tape hub, driving the gearing on the VHS-C cassette. Also, when a VHS-C cassette is inserted into the adapter, a small swing-arm pulls the tape out of the miniature cassette to span the standard tape path distance between the guide rollers of a full-size tape. This allows the tape from the miniature cassette to use the same loading mechanism as that from the standard cassette.

Super VHS-C or [[S-VHS]] Compact was developed by [[JVC]] in 1987. S-VHS provided an improved luminance and chrominance quality, yet S-VHS recorders were compatible with VHS tapes.<ref>{{cite book | last = Damjanovski | first = Vlado
  | title = CCTV
  | publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann
  | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-7506-7800-3 | page= 238
  | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=MQZQIFaOhgoC
  | access-date= January 22, 2017}}</ref>

Sony was unable to shrink its Betamax form any further, so instead developed Video8/Hi8 which was in direct competition with the VHS-C/S-VHS-C format throughout the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s. Ultimately neither format "won" and both have been superseded by digital high definition equipment.

=== W-VHS / Digital-VHS (high-definition) ===

{{main|W-VHS|D-VHS}}
[[W-VHS|Wide-VHS (W-VHS)]] allowed recording of [[Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding|MUSE]] Hi-Vision ''analog'' high definition television, which was broadcast in Japan from 1989 until 2007. The other improved standard, called [[D-VHS|Digital-VHS (D-VHS)]], records digital high definition video onto a VHS form factor tape. D-VHS can record up to 4 hours of ATSC digital television in 720p or 1080i formats using the fastest record mode (equivalent to VHS-SP), and up to 49 hours of lower-definition video at slower speeds.<ref>{{cite book
|title=Newnes Guide to Television and Video Technology
|author=Eugene Trundle
|page=377}}</ref>

=== D9 ===
{{main|Digital-S}}
There is also a JVC-designed component digital professional production format known as [[Digital-S]], or officially under the name D9, that uses a VHS form factor tape and essentially the same mechanical tape handling techniques as an S-VHS recorder. This format is the least expensive format to support a [[Sel-Sync]] pre-read for [[video editing]]. This format competed with Sony's [[Digital Betacam]] in the professional and broadcast market, although in that area Sony's Betacam family ruled supreme, in contrast to the outcome of the VHS/Betamax domestic format war. It has now been superseded by high definition formats.

=== V-Lite ===
In the late 1990s, there was a disposable promotional variation of the VHS format called V-Lite. It was a cassette constructed largely with polystyrene, with only the rotating components like the tape reels being of hard plastic with glued casings without standard features like a protective cover for the exposed tape. Its purpose was to be as lightweight as possible for minimized mass delivery costs for the purpose of a media company's promotional campaign and intended for only a few viewings with a runtime of typically 2 to 3 minutes. One such production so promoted was the [[A&E Network]]'s 2000 adaptation of ''[[The Great Gatsby (2000 film)|The Great Gatsby]]''. The format arose concurrently and then rendered obsolete, with the rise of the [[DVD]] video format which eventually supplanted VHS, being lighter and less expensive still to mass-distribute, while [[video streaming]] would later supplant the use of physical media for video promotion.<ref>{{cite web |title=V-Lite: Disposable Lightweight VHS tape |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHnYVeaTLsY |website=Techmoan | date=18 February 2023 |publisher=YouTube |access-date=18 February 2023}}</ref>