Editing Universal Decimal Classification (section)

====8 Language. [[Outline of linguistics|Linguistics]]. [[Outline of literature|Literature]]====

<small>Tables for class 8 are fully faceted and details are expressed through combination with common auxiliaries of language (Table 1c) and a series of special auxiliary tables to indicate other facets or attributes in Linguistics or Literature. As a result, this class allows for great specificity in indexing although the schedules themselves occupy very little space in UDC. The subdivisions of e.g. ''811 Languages'' or ''821 Literature'' are derived from common auxiliaries of language =1/=9 (Table 1c) by substituting a point for the equals sign, e.g. 811.111 English language (as a subject of a linguistic study) and ''821.111 English literature'' derives from ''=111 English language''. Common auxiliaries of place and time are also frequently used in this class to express place and time facets of Linguistics or Literature, e.g. ''821.111(71)"18" English literature of Canada in 19th century''
</small>
  80	General questions relating to both linguistics and literature. Philology
  801	Prosody. Auxiliary sciences and sources of philology
  808	Rhetoric. The effective use of language  
  '''81	[[Outline of linguistics|Linguistics]] and languages'''
  ''81`1/`4	Special auxiliary subdivision for subject fields and facets of linguistics and languages''
 '' 81`1	General linguistics''
  ''81`2	[[Outline of semiotics|Theory of signs]]. Theory of translation. Standardization. Usage. Geographical linguistics''
  ''81`3	Mathematical and applied linguistics. Phonetics. Graphemics. Grammar. Semantics. Stylistics''
  ''81`4	Text linguistics, Discourse analysis. Typological linguistics''
  ''81`42	Text linguistics. Discourse analysis''
  ''81`44	Typological linguistics''
  811	Languages
        <small>Derived from the common auxiliaries of language =1/=9 (Table 1c) by replacing the equal sign = with prefix ''811.'' e.g. ''=111 English'' becomes ''811.111 Linguistics of English language''</small>
  811.1/.9	All languages natural or artificial
  811.1/.8	Individual natural languages
  811.1/.2	Indo-European languages
  811.21/.22	Indo-Iranian languages
  811.3	Dead languages of unknown affiliation. Caucasian languages
  811.4	Afro-Asiatic, Nilo-Saharan, Congo-Kordofanian, Khoisan languages
  811.5	Ural-Altaic, Palaeo-Siberian, Eskimo-Aleut, Dravidian and Sino-Tibetan languages. Japanese. Korean. Ainu
  811.6	Austro-Asiatic languages. Austronesian languages
  811.7	Indo-Pacific (non-Austronesian) languages. Australian languages
  811.8	American indigenous languages
  811.9	Artificial languages
  '''82	[[Outline of literature|Literature]]'''
  ''82-1/-9	Special auxiliary subdivision for literary forms, genres''
  ''82-1	[[Outline of poetry|Poetry]]. Poems. Verse''
  ''82-2	Drama. Plays''
  ''82-3	[[Outline of fiction|Fiction]]. Prose narrative''
  ''82-31	Novels. Full-length stories''
  ''82-32	Short stories. Novellas''
  ''82-4	Essays''
  ''82-5	Oratory. Speeches''
  ''82-6	Letters. Art of letter-writing. Correspondence. Genuine letters''
  ''82-7	Prose satire. Humour, epigram, parody''
  ''82-8	Miscellanea. Polygraphies. Selections''
  ''82-9	Various other literary forms''
  ''82-92	Periodical literature. Writings in serials, journals, reviews''
  ''82-94	History as literary genre. Historical writing. Historiography. Chronicles. Annals. Memoirs''
  ''82.02/.09	Special auxiliary subdivision for theory, study and technique of literature''
  ''82.02	Literary schools, trends and movements''
  ''82.09	Literary criticism. Literary studies''
  ''82.091	Comparative literary studies. Comparative literature''
  821	Literatures of individual languages and language families
        <small>Derived from the common auxiliaries of language =1/=9 (Table 1c) by replacing the equal sign = with prefix ''821.'' e.g. ''=111 English'' becomes ''821.111 English literature''</small>