Editing Uganda (section)

==Economy and infrastructure==
{{Main|Economy of Uganda|Energy in Uganda|Agriculture in Uganda}}

The [[Bank of Uganda]] is the [[central bank]] of Uganda and handles monetary policy along with the printing of the [[Ugandan shilling]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/bou-downloads/acts/other_acts_regulations/BoUAct2000.pdf | title=Section 4(2) of The Bank of Uganda Act | publisher=Bank of Uganda | date=2000 | access-date=17 January 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012091607/https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/bou-downloads/acts/other_acts_regulations/BoUAct2000.pdf | archive-date=12 October 2017 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2015, Uganda's economy generated export income from the following merchandise: coffee (US$402.63 million), oil re-exports (US$131.25 million), base metals and products (US$120.00 million), fish (US$117.56 million), maize (US$90.97 million), cement (US$80.13 million), tobacco (US$73.13 million), tea (US$69.94 million), sugar (US$66.43 million), hides and skins (US$62.71 million), cocoa beans (US$55.67 million), beans (US$53.88 million), [[sesame|simsim]] (US$52.20 million), flowers (US$51.44 million), and other products (US$766.77 million).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/bou-downloads/publications/Statistical_Abstract/2015/All/2015-Bank-of-Uganda-Statistical-Abstract.pdf | title=2015 Statistical Abstract – Table 3.3a: Exports of merchandise (Flows) – CY | publisher=Research and Policy Directorate, [[Bank of Uganda]] | page=9 | access-date=17 January 2017 | archive-date=18 January 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118100916/https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/bou-downloads/publications/Statistical_Abstract/2015/All/2015-Bank-of-Uganda-Statistical-Abstract.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:GDP per capita development of Uganda.svg|thumb|Change in per capita GDP of Uganda, 1950–2018. Figures are inflation-adjusted to 2011 International dollars.]]
The country has been experiencing consistent economic growth. In fiscal year 2015–16, Uganda recorded gross domestic product growth of 4.6 percent in real terms and 11.6 percent in nominal terms. This compares to 5.0 percent real growth in fiscal year 2014–15.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/bou-downloads/publications/Monetary_Policy_Reports/2016/Aug/MPR-August-2016.pdf | title=Monetary Policy Report | date=August 2016 | access-date=17 January 2017 | publisher=Bank of Uganda | archive-date=18 January 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118101045/https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/bou-downloads/publications/Monetary_Policy_Reports/2016/Aug/MPR-August-2016.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|vii}}

The country has largely untapped reserves of both [[crude oil]] and natural gas.<ref name="oilrush">[http://www.economist.com/businessfinance/displayStory.cfm?story_id=14177583&source=hptextfeature Uganda's oil rush: Derricks in the darkness] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227180845/https://www.economist.com/business/2009/08/06/derricks-in-the-darkness |date=27 February 2023 }}. Economist.com (6 August 2009). Retrieved 24 March 2013.</ref> While agriculture accounted for 56 percent of the economy in 1986, with coffee as its main export, it has now been surpassed by the services sector, which accounted for 52 percent of GDP in 2007.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://devdata.worldbank.org/AAG/uga_aag.pdf | title=Uganda at a Glance | date=13 November 2009 | publisher=World Bank | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091223050309/http://devdata.worldbank.org/AAG/UGA_aag.pdf | archive-date=23 December 2009 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> In the 1950s, the British colonial regime encouraged some 500,000 subsistence farmers to join co-operatives.<ref>W. D. Ogilvie: Interview with David Hines in 1999; obituary of David Hines in London ''Daily Telegraph'', 8 April 2000.</ref> Since 1986, the government (with the support of foreign countries and international agencies) has acted to rehabilitate an economy devastated during the regime of Idi Amin<ref>{{Cite web |title=Buganda: Uganda's 1,000-year-old kingdom |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/buganda-ugandas-1-000-year-old-kingdom/99978 |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=www.aa.com.tr |archive-date=11 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311124539/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/buganda-ugandas-1-000-year-old-kingdom/99978 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the subsequent civil war.<ref name=cia>{{cite web | author=Central Intelligence Agency | publisher=[[The World Factbook]] | title=Uganda | url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ | year=2009 | access-date=23 January 2010 | archive-date=13 February 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213104751/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2012, the World Bank still listed Uganda on the [[Heavily Indebted Poor Countries]] list.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://go.worldbank.org/4IMVXTQ090 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20140622150930/http://go.worldbank.org/4IMVXTQ090 | url-status=dead | archive-date=22 June 2014 | title=Economic Policy and Debt – Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (39 countries) }}</ref>

Economic growth has not always led to [[poverty reduction]]. Despite an average annual growth of 2.5 percent between 2000 and 2003, poverty levels increased by 3.8 percent during that time.<ref name=ODI/> This has highlighted the importance of avoiding [[jobless growth]] and is part of the rising awareness in development circles of the need for [[Development economics#equitable growth|equitable growth]] not just in Uganda, but across the developing world.<ref name=ODI>{{cite web | url=http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/details.asp?id=4892&title=millennium-development-goals-equitable-growth-policy-brief | title=Economic growth and the MDGs – Resources – Overseas Development Institute | publisher=ODI | access-date=31 May 2011 | archive-date=17 July 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717041456/http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/details.asp?id=4892&title=millennium-development-goals-equitable-growth-policy-brief | url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:Uganda GV5 lo (4108162183).jpg|thumb|left|Coffee fields in southwestern Uganda]]
With the Uganda securities exchanges established in 1996, several equities have been listed. The government has used the stock market as an avenue for privatisation. All government treasury issues are listed on the securities exchange. The Capital Markets Authority has licensed 18 brokers, asset managers, and investment advisors including: African Alliance Investment Bank, Baroda Capital Markets Uganda Limited, Crane Financial Services Uganda Limited, Crested Stocks and Securities Limited, Dyer & Blair Investment Bank, Equity Stock Brokers Uganda Limited, Renaissance Capital Investment Bank and UAP Financial Services Limited.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.use.or.ug/inner.php?cat=brkdealers&subcat=mbfrms | title=List of Licensed Investment Banks & Stock Brokerage Firms in Uganda | publisher=Use.or.ug | date=31 December 2001 | access-date=27 June 2012 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423001818/http://www.use.or.ug/inner.php?cat=brkdealers&subcat=mbfrms | archive-date=23 April 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> As one of the ways of increasing formal domestic savings, pension sector reform is the centre of attention (2007).<ref>Kaujju, Peter (June 2008). "[http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/220/631429 Capital markets eye pension reform] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511203241/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/220/631429 |date=11 May 2011 }}". ''The New Vision''. Retrieved 9 February 2009.</ref><ref>Rutaagi, Edgar (2009). "[http://www.africanexecutive.com/modules/magazine/articles.php?article=3040 Uganda Moving Towards Pension Reforms] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707101146/http://www.africanexecutive.com/modules/magazine/articles.php?article=3040 |date=7 July 2011 }}". ''The African Executive''. Retrieved 9 February 2009.</ref>

Uganda traditionally depends on Kenya for access to the Indian Ocean port of [[Mombasa]]. Efforts have intensified to establish a second access route to the sea via the lakeside ports of [[Bukasa]] in Uganda and [[Musoma]] in Tanzania, connected by railway to [[Arusha]] in the Tanzanian interior and to the port of [[Tanga, Tanzania|Tanga]] on the Indian Ocean.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Corporate+News/Tanzania+and+Uganda+agree+to+speed+up+railway+project/-/539550/1268910/-/1364j49/-/ | title=Tanzania And Uganda Agree To Speed Up Railway Project | publisher=Businessdailyafrica.com8 November 2011 | author=Mbunga, Paskal | access-date=27 June 2012 | archive-date=4 April 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404075957/http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Corporate+News/Tanzania+and+Uganda+agree+to+speed+up+railway+project/-/539550/1268910/-/1364j49/-/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
Uganda is a member of the [[East African Community]] and a potential member of the planned [[East African Federation]].

Uganda has a large diaspora, residing mainly in the United States and the United Kingdom. This diaspora has contributed enormously to Uganda's economic growth through remittances and other investments (especially property). According to the World Bank, Uganda received in 2016 an estimated US$1.099 billion in remittances from abroad, second only to Kenya (US$1.574 billion) in the East African Community,<ref>{{cite web | publisher=World Bank | url=http://www.knomad.org/docs/Migration_Development/remittancedatainflowsoct20160.xls | title=Annual Remittances Data | access-date=17 January 2017 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105081704/http://www.knomad.org/docs/Migration_Development/remittancedatainflowsoct20160.xls | archive-date=5 January 2017 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> and seventh in Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Remittances to Sub-Saharan Africa by country 2019|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/962857/remittances-to-sub-saharan-african-countries/|access-date=4 November 2020|website=Statista|language=en|archive-date=10 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110163814/https://www.statista.com/statistics/962857/remittances-to-sub-saharan-african-countries/|url-status=live}}</ref> Uganda also serves as an economic hub for a number of neighbouring countries like the Democratic Republic of the Congo,<ref>Ondoga, Ayiga (June 2008). "[https://archive.today/20120708201935/http://enteruganda.com/brochures/westnile02.html Arua: West Nile's business hub] ". ''The New Vision''.</ref> South Sudan,<ref>Yoshino, Yutaka; Ngungi, Grace and Asebe, Ephrem. "[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/EXTAFRREGTOPTRADE/0,,contentMDK:22946813~pagePK:34004173~piPK:34003707~theSitePK:502469,00.html "Enhancing the Recent Growth of Cross-Border Trade between South Sudan and Uganda"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103132721/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/EXTAFRREGTOPTRADE/0,,contentMDK:22946813~pagePK:34004173~piPK:34003707~theSitePK:502469,00.html |date=3 January 2012 }}, ''Africa Trade Policy Notes''.</ref> and Rwanda.<ref>Muwanga, David (March 2010), [http://allafrica.com/stories/201003151717.html "Uganda, Rwanda Border to Run 24hrs"]. AllAfrica.com.</ref>
[[File:Uganda Strassennetz.svg|thumb|Roads in Uganda]]
The Ugandan Bureau of Statistics announced inflation was 4.6 percent in November 2016.<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1441217/november-inflation-increases | title=November inflation increases to 4.6% | access-date=1 December 2016 | archive-date=2 December 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202120513/http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1441217/november-inflation-increases | url-status=live }}</ref> On 29 June 2018, Uganda's statistics agency said the country registered a drop in inflation to 3.4 percent in the financial year ending 2017/18 compared to the 5.7 percent recorded in the financial year 2016/17.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-06/29/c_137290591.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629211155/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-06/29/c_137290591.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 June 2018|title=Uganda sees drop in inflation in 2017/18 financial year - Xinhua - English.news.cn|website=www.xinhuanet.com}}</ref>

===Industry===
Uganda ranked as [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|number 102]] among the countries of the world in nominal [[Gross Domestic Product]] by the [[International Monetary Fund]] with a [[GDP]] of 26,349 (US$million).<ref name="GDP by IMF">{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2017&ey=2017&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512,946,914,137,612,546,614,962,311,674,213,676,911,548,193,556,122,678,912,181,313,867,419,682,513,684,316,273,913,868,124,921,339,948,638,943,514,686,218,688,963,518,616,728,223,836,516,558,918,138,748,196,618,278,624,692,522,694,622,142,156,449,626,564,628,565,228,283,924,853,233,288,632,293,636,566,634,964,238,182,662,359,960,453,423,968,935,922,128,714,611,862,321,135,243,716,248,456,469,722,253,942,642,718,643,724,939,576,644,936,819,961,172,813,132,726,646,199,648,733,915,184,134,524,652,361,174,362,328,364,258,732,656,366,654,734,336,144,263,146,268,463,532,528,944,923,176,738,534,578,536,537,429,742,433,866,178,369,436,744,136,186,343,925,158,869,439,746,916,926,664,466,826,112,542,111,967,298,443,927,917,846,544,299,941,582,446,474,666,754,668,698,672&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=&pr.x=45&pr.y=14|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects|website=www.imf.org|access-date=22 May 2019|archive-date=3 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603094915/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2017&ey=2017&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C946%2C914%2C137%2C612%2C546%2C614%2C962%2C311%2C674%2C213%2C676%2C911%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C359%2C960%2C453%2C423%2C968%2C935%2C922%2C128%2C714%2C611%2C862%2C321%2C135%2C243%2C716%2C248%2C456%2C469%2C722%2C253%2C942%2C642%2C718%2C643%2C724%2C939%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C734%2C336%2C144%2C263%2C146%2C268%2C463%2C532%2C528%2C944%2C923%2C176%2C738%2C534%2C578%2C536%2C537%2C429%2C742%2C433%2C866%2C178%2C369%2C436%2C744%2C136%2C186%2C343%2C925%2C158%2C869%2C439%2C746%2C916%2C926%2C664%2C466%2C826%2C112%2C542%2C111%2C967%2C298%2C443%2C927%2C917%2C846%2C544%2C299%2C941%2C582%2C446%2C474%2C666%2C754%2C668%2C698%2C672&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=&pr.x=45&pr.y=14|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[World Bank]] ranked Uganda as [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|number 99]] in nominal [[GDP]] with a [[GDP]] of 25,891 (US$million).<ref name="GDP by World Bank">{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?year_high_desc=true|title=GDP (current US$) - Data|website=data.worldbank.org|access-date=17 December 2018|archive-date=15 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915071456/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?year_high_desc=true|url-status=live}}</ref>
Based on the GDP with [[purchasing power parity]] the [[IMF]] ranked Uganda as [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|number 86]] (91,212 million of current Int$) and the [[World Bank]] [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|ranked them 90]] (79,889 million of current Int$).<ref name="GDP by IMF"/><ref name="GDP by World Bank"/>

Since the 1990s, the economy in Uganda is growing. Real gross domestic product (GDP) grew at an average of 6.7% annually during the period 1990–2015, whereas real GDP per capita grew at 3.3% per annum during the same period.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators|title=World Development Indicators - DataBank|website=databank.worldbank.org|access-date=22 May 2019|archive-date=4 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504140427/https://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Poverty===
{{main|Poverty in Uganda}}
{{Update section|date=July 2024}}
[[File:Kif20180421 114559.jpg|thumb|One of the schools located at the Nile River]]
Uganda is one of the poorest nations in the world. In 2012, 37.8 percent of the population lived on less than $1.25 a day.<ref>{{cite web | title=Poverty headcount ratio at $1.25 a day (PPP) (% of population) | publisher=World Bank | url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.DDAY | access-date=26 August 2015 | archive-date=25 April 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425022706/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.DDAY | url-status=live }}</ref>  Despite making enormous progress in reducing the countrywide poverty incidence from 56 percent of the population in 1992 to 24.5 percent in 2009, poverty remains deep-rooted in the country's rural areas, which are home to 84 percent of Ugandans.<ref>{{cite web | title=Enabling Poor People to Overcome Poverty in Uganda | publisher=International Fund for Agricultural Development | url=http://www.ifad.org/operations/projects/regions/Pf/factsheets/uganda.pdf | access-date=26 August 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924033202/http://www.ifad.org/operations/projects/regions/Pf/factsheets/uganda.pdf | archive-date=24 September 2015 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

People in rural areas of Uganda depend on farming as the main source of income and 90 per cent of all rural women work in the agricultural sector.<ref>{{cite web | title=IFAD Gender Strengthening Programme | publisher=International Fund for Agricultural Development | url=http://www.ifad.org/pub/gender/genpfe.pdf | access-date=10 February 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203030108/http://www.ifad.org/pub/gender/genpfe.pdf | archive-date=3 December 2011 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref> In addition to agricultural work, rural women are responsible for the caretaking of their families. The average Ugandan woman spends 9 hours a day on domestic tasks, such as preparing food and clothing, fetching water and firewood, and caring for the elderly, the sick as well as orphans. Women on average work longer hours than men, between 12 and 18 hours per day, with a mean of 15 hours, as compared to men, who work between 8 and 10 hours a day, although urban men and women work very similar hours. 26% of households in 2005 were headed by women only (FHH), up from previous years as a result of death of men from AIDS. There were most FHHs in the top quintile, by income, (31%). Male only headed households in poverty were also increased to a similar level as FHH, though little research had been done.<ref>{{cite web | title=From Periphery to Center: A Strategic Country Gender Assessment | publisher=World Bank | url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTAFRREGTOPGENDER/Resources/ugandaSCGA.pdf | access-date=10 February 2012 | archive-date=3 September 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120903223303/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTAFRREGTOPGENDER/Resources/ugandaSCGA.pdf | url-status=dead}}</ref>

To supplement their income, rural women may engage in small-scale entrepreneurial activities such as rearing and selling local breeds of animals. Nonetheless, because of their heavy workload, they have little time for these income-generating activities. The poor cannot support their children at school and in most cases, girls drop out of school to help out in domestic work or to get married. Other girls engage in sex work. As a result, young women tend to have older and more sexually experienced partners and this puts women at a disproportionate risk of getting affected by HIV, accounting for about 5.7 per cent of all adults living with HIV in Uganda.<ref>{{cite web | title=AVERTing HIV and AIDS | publisher=AVERT | url=http://www.avert.org/aids-uganda.htm#contentTable2 | access-date=10 February 2012 | archive-date=4 February 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054458/http://www.avert.org/aids-uganda.htm#contentTable2 | url-status=live }}</ref>

Maternal health in rural Uganda lags behind national policy targets and the [[Millennium Development Goals]], with geographical inaccessibility, lack of transport and financial burdens identified as key demand-side constraints to accessing maternal health services;<ref>{{cite journal | last=Ekirapa-Kiracho | first=E. | title=Increasing Access To Institutional Deliveries Using Demand And Supply Side Incentives: Early Results From A Quasi-Experimental Study | journal=BMC International Health and Human Rights | year=2011 | volume=11 | issue=Suppl 1 | pages=S11 | url=http://www.futurehealthsystems.org/publications/increasing-access-to-institutional-deliveries-using-demand-a.html | access-date=26 May 2012 | doi=10.1186/1472-698x-11-s1-s11 | pmc=3059470 | pmid=21410998 | archive-date=14 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114105711/http://www.futurehealthsystems.org/publications/increasing-access-to-institutional-deliveries-using-demand-a.html | url-status=live | doi-access=free }}</ref> as such, interventions like intermediate transport mechanisms have been adopted as a means to improve women's access to maternal health care services in rural regions of the country.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Peters | first=David | title=Exploring New Health Markets: Experiences From Informal Providers Of Transport For Maternal Health Services In Eastern Uganda | journal=BMC International Health and Human Rights | year=2011 | volume=11 | issue=Suppl 1 | pages=S10 | url=http://www.futurehealthsystems.org/publications/exploring-new-health-markets-experiences-from-informal-provi.html | access-date=26 May 2012 | doi=10.1186/1472-698x-11-s1-s10 | pmid=21410997 | display-authors=etal | pmc=3059469 | archive-date=14 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114105548/http://www.futurehealthsystems.org/publications/exploring-new-health-markets-experiences-from-informal-provi.html | url-status=live | doi-access=free }}</ref>

Gender inequality is the main hindrance to reducing women's poverty. Women are subjected to an overall lower social status than men. Many women believe this reduces their power to act independently, participate in community life, become educated and escape reliance upon abusive men.<ref>{{cite web | title=Gender Equity Issues in Uganda | publisher=Foundation for Sustainable Development | url=http://www.fsdinternational.org/country/uganda/weissues | access-date=10 February 2012 | archive-date=4 June 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604021704/http://www.fsdinternational.org/country/uganda/weissues | url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Entebbe Airport.JPG|thumb|Entebbe International Airport]]

===Air transportation===
{{Update section|date=July 2024}}
There are [[List of airports in Uganda|36 airports]] in Uganda. Commercial airlines operate scheduled passenger services out of four airports. Uganda currently has one functioning international airport, [[Entebbe International Airport]], which is located {{convert|25|mi}} south-west of [[Kampala]]. In 2017, the airport traffic was 1.53 million passengers, 8% more than the previous year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anna.aero/2018/08/10/entebbe-traffic-hit-1-53-million-passengers-in-2017-up-8-1-versus-2016-jambojet-newest-airline-while-heathrow-is-leading-unserved-route/|title=Entebbe traffic hit 1.53 million passengers in 2017, up 8.1% versus 2016|date=10 August 2018|website=anna.aero|access-date=17 December 2018|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809031313/https://www.anna.aero/2018/08/10/entebbe-traffic-hit-1-53-million-passengers-in-2017-up-8-1-versus-2016-jambojet-newest-airline-while-heathrow-is-leading-unserved-route/|url-status=live}}</ref> A second international airport, [[Hoima International Airport]], is currently under construction.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.africanaerospace.aero/uganda-to-get-second-international-airport.html|title=African Aerospace - Uganda to get second International Airport|website=www.africanaerospace.aero|access-date=17 December 2018|archive-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008140415/https://www.africanaerospace.aero/uganda-to-get-second-international-airport.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Road network===
{{see also |List of roads in Uganda}}
[[File:Wild route.jpg|thumb|Road to Murchison]]
Road transportation is the most important way of transportation in Uganda. 95% of freight and passenger traffic is handled by road traffic. The road network in Uganda is approximately {{cvt|129469|km}} long. About 4% of these roads are paved which equates to only about {{convert|5300|km}} of paved road. The different types of roads are national roads ({{cvt|22009|km}}—17%), district roads ({{cvt|33661|km}}—26%), urban roads ({{cvt|9062|km}}—7%), and community roads ({{cvt|64,734|km}}—50%).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.works.go.ug/key-summary-statistics/ |title=Key summary statistics |work=Ugandan Ministry of Works & Transport |access-date=17 December 2018 |archive-date=30 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730233749/http://www.works.go.ug/key-summary-statistics/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The national roads make up about 17% of the road network but carry over 80% of the total road traffic.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.3+Uganda+Road+Network;jsessionid=33424C63E9836C9F20970F98F58B9A0F |title=2.3 Uganda Road Network - Logistics Capacity Assessment |publisher=Digital Logistics Capacity Assessments |access-date=17 December 2018 |archive-date=25 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325061017/https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.3%2BUganda%2BRoad%2BNetwork;jsessionid%3D33424C63E9836C9F20970F98F58B9A0F |url-status=live }}</ref> In Uganda there are 83,000 private cars which means 2.94 cars per 1000 inhabitants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.welt-in-zahlen.de/laendervergleich.phtml|title=Welt-in-Zahlen.de > Ländervergleich|website=/www.welt-in-zahlen.de|language=DE|accessdate=13 August 2022|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816020341/https://welt-in-zahlen.de/laendervergleich.phtml|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Railroad===
[[File:Uganda railways assessment 2010-2.jpg|thumb|Uganda Railway]]
The rail network in Uganda is approximately {{convert|1260|km}} long. The longest lines are the main line from [[Kampala]] to [[Tororo]] ({{convert|249|km}}), the western line from [[Kampala]] to [[Kasese]] ({{convert|333|km}}), the northern line from [[Tororo]] to [[Pakwach]] ({{convert|641|km}}).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fortuneofafrica.com/ug/railway-transport/|title=Railway Transport – Uganda|date=3 February 2017|publisher=Fortune of Africa|access-date=17 December 2018|archive-date=1 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401015949/https://fortuneofafrica.com/ug/railway-transport/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Communications===
{{Main|Communications in Uganda}}
There are several systems of communication, including telephony, radio and television broadcasts, internet, mail, and newspapers. The use of phones and the internet has rapidly increased.

There are seven telecommunications companies and, {{As of|2018|lc=y}}, over 24 million subscribers{{update inline|date=June 2024}} according to the [[Uganda Communications Commission]],<ref name="3R">{{cite news|access-date=29 June 2018 | url=https://af.reuters.com/article/ugandaNews/idAFL8N1TV3TZ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629170739/https://af.reuters.com/article/ugandaNews/idAFL8N1TV3TZ | url-status=dead | archive-date=29 June 2018 | title=Uganda telecom operators to start charging social media tax |date=29 June 2018 |work=[[Reuters|Reuters Africa]] |
last=Elias Biryabarema |first=and Jane Merriman | location=Johannesburg}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web | url=http://www.ucc.co.ug/files/downloads/Q1-Market%20Report%202015.pdf | title=Q1-Market Report 2015 | access-date=15 February 2015 | website=Reports & Surveys | publisher=UCC: Uganda Communications Commission | archive-date=23 November 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123031129/http://www.ucc.co.ug/files/downloads/Q1-Market%20Report%202015.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> in a population of 48 million.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web | url=http://www.ubos.org/onlinefiles/uploads/ubos/NPHC/NPHC%202014%20PROVISIONAL%20RESULTS%20REPORT.pdf | title=National Population and Housing Census 2014 | publisher=Uganda Bureau of Statistics | access-date=30 March 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110115940/http://www.ubos.org/onlinefiles/uploads/ubos/NPHC/NPHC%202014%20PROVISIONAL%20RESULTS%20REPORT.pdf | archive-date=10 January 2017 | url-status=dead }}</ref> More than 95% of internet connections are made using mobile phones.<ref>{{cite web | author1=Hendrik Rood | author2=Senior consultant | author3=Stratix Consulting | url=http://www.budde.com.au/Research/Uganda-Mobile-Market-Overview-Statistics-and-Forecasts.html | title=Uganda – Mobile Infrastructure, Operators and Broadband – Statistics and Analyses | work=Budde.com.au | access-date=30 May 2015 | archive-date=18 May 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518005600/http://www.budde.com.au/Research/Uganda-Mobile-Market-Overview-Statistics-and-Forecasts.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

===Energy===
{{See also|Energy in Uganda}}
Uganda has abundant energy resources, which are fairly distributed throughout the country. These include hydropower, biomass, solar, geothermal, peat and fossil fuels.

In the 1980s, the majority of energy in Uganda came from charcoal and wood. However, oil was found in the [[Lake Albert (Africa)|Lake Albert]] area, totaling an estimated {{convert|95|e6m3}}  of crude.<ref name="oilrush" /> [[Heritage Oil]] discovered one of the largest crude oil finds in Uganda, and continues operations there.<ref>[http://www.heritageoilplc.com/uganda_heritage.cfm Heritage Oil |Timeline] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313104045/http://www.heritageoilplc.com/uganda_heritage.cfm |date=13 March 2013 }}. Heritageoilplc.com. Retrieved 24 March 2013.</ref>
[[File:Uganda PVOUT Photovoltaic-power-potential-map GlobalSolarAtlas World-Bank-Esmap-Solargis.png|thumb|Uganda PVOUT photovoltaic power potential map]]
Uganda and Tanzania signed a deal on 13 September&nbsp;2016 that will see the two countries build a 1,445&nbsp;km, $3.5bn crude oil pipeline. The [[East African Crude Oil Pipeline|Uganda–Tanzania Crude Oil Pipeline]] (UTCOP), also known as the East African Crude Oil Pipeline (EACOP), will be the first of its kind in East Africa, will connect Uganda's oil-rich Hoima region with the Indian Ocean through the Tanga port in Tanzania.

Uganda's favorable enabling environment and broad presence of private sector investment presents a unique opportunity to deliver on [[Power Africa]] goals.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2021 |title=Power Africa in Uganda {{!}} Power Africa |url=https://www.usaid.gov/powerafrica/uganda |access-date=15 June 2022 |website=[[USAID]] |language=en |archive-date=18 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618110257/https://www.usaid.gov/powerafrica/uganda |url-status=dead }}</ref> Uganda is one of the few sub-Saharan African countries to have liberalized and financially viable energy markets, with generation, transmission and supply segments unbundled since 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |title=uganda energy sector - Search |url=https://fortuneofafrica.com/ug/energy-sector-profile-in-uganda/ |access-date=15 June 2022 |website=Fortune of Africa |archive-date=10 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710050214/https://fortuneofafrica.com/ug/energy-sector-profile-in-uganda/ |url-status=live }}</ref> There is an independent [[Electricity Regulatory Authority]] that undertakes sector regulation and oversight. The largest distribution company, [[Umeme|UMEME]] is privately owned and has a 20-year concession for distribution and retail. The country, however, is divided into 13 rural service territories, and 6 of these are being managed by small distribution companies. [[Independent power producer]]s (IPPs) currently account for nearly 60% of generation capacity. Issues with integrated planning and the financial ecosystem persist.

===Water supply and sanitation===
{{Main|Water supply and sanitation in Uganda}}
According to a 2006 published report, the Ugandan water supply and sanitation sector had made substantial progress in urban areas since the mid-1990s, with substantial increases in coverage as well as in operational and commercial performance.<ref name="Mugisha">{{cite news |last=Mugisha |first=Silver |author2=Berg, Sanford V. |title=Struggling State-Owned Enterprises: NWSC's Turnaround in Uganda |date=November 2006 |ssrn=1088139}}</ref>{{rp|3–4}} Sector reforms in the period 1998–2003 included the commercialisation and modernisation of the [[National Water and Sewerage Corporation]] operating in cities and larger towns, as well as decentralisation and private sector participation in small towns.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Water Development Report: Uganda. Prepared for 2nd UN World Water Development Report "Water, a shared responsibility" |year=2006 |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001467/146760e.pdf |access-date=5 May 2008 |archive-date=18 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318062251/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001467/146760e.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|15}}
[[File:Rivers and lakes of Uganda.png|thumb|Main Rivers and Lakes of Uganda]]
Although these reforms have attracted significant international attention, 38 percent of the population still had no access to an [[improved water source]] in 2010. Concerning access to [[improved sanitation]], figures have varied widely. According to government figures, it was 70 percent in rural areas and 81 percent in urban areas in 2011;<ref name="SPR 2011">{{cite web |publisher=Ministry of Water and Environment |title=Third Water and Environment Sector Performance Report |url=http://www.mwe.go.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=138:sector-performance-report-2011&catid=31:general |access-date=16 July 2012 |year=2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007004221/http://www.mwe.go.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=138:sector-performance-report-2011&catid=31:general |archive-date=7 October 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> according to UN figures, it was only 34 percent.<ref name="JMP">*{{cite web |author1=World Health Organization |author-link=World Health Organization |author2=UNICEF |title=Joint Monitoring Program |url=http://www.wssinfo.org |access-date=16 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216075751/http://www.wssinfo.org/ |archive-date=16 February 2008}}</ref>

The water and sanitation sector was recognised as a key area under the 2004 Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP), Uganda's
main strategy paper to fight poverty.<ref name="PEAP">{{cite web |author1=Republic of Uganda |author2=Ministry of Finance |author3=Planning and Economic Development |title=Poverty Eradication Action Plan (2004/5-2007/8) |url=http://www.finance.go.ug/docs/PEAP%202005%20Apr.pdf |access-date=7 May 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010162613/http://www.finance.go.ug/docs/PEAP%202005%20Apr.pdf |archive-date=10 October 2008}}</ref>{{rp|182–188}} According to a 2006 published report, a comprehensive expenditure framework had been introduced to co-ordinate financial support by external donors, the national government, and [[NGO|nongovernmental organisations]].<ref name="MWE SWAP">{{cite web |author=Ministry of Water and Environment (Uganda) |title=Water and Sanitation Sector Performance Report 2006 |date=September 2006 |url=http://www.danidadevforum.um.dk/NR/rdonlyres/94B047D5-F8C9-46C9-B56D-7A43367ED141/0/WSSperformanceReportUganda.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318062315/http://www.danidadevforum.um.dk/NR/rdonlyres/94B047D5-F8C9-46C9-B56D-7A43367ED141/0/WSSperformanceReportUganda.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 March 2009 |access-date=13 May 2008 }}</ref>{{rp|5}} The PEAP estimated that from 2001 to 2015, about US$1.4 billion, or US$92 million per year, was needed to increase water supply coverage up to 95 percent, with rural areas needing US$956 million, urban areas and large towns needing US$281 million, and small towns needing US$136 million.<ref name="PEAP"/>{{rp|182–183}}

===Education===
{{Main|Education in Uganda}}
[[File:Makerere University Campus Entrance Road.JPG|thumb|Makerere university Campus Entrance]]
Uganda's educational system, while lacking in many areas, has seen significant change since the late 1990s. The educational system is set up so that children spend seven years in primary school, six years in secondary school, and three to five years in post secondary school. In 1997, the government declared that primary school would be free for all children.<ref>{{Cite web|title=universal primary education in Uganda.|url=https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/4072.pdf|website=odi.org|access-date=17 November 2020|archive-date=5 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305100337/https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/4072.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> This amendment has had huge benefits. In 1986, only two million children were attending primary school. By 1999, six million children were attending primary school, and this number has continued to climb.

Following significant gains in access to primary education since 1997 when universal primary education (UPE) was introduced, Uganda in 2007 became the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to introduce universal secondary education (USE).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://epg.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Uganda-PPP-Review_2018_Final.pdf|title=Uganda universal secondary education|access-date=16 November 2020|archive-date=6 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206232723/https://epg.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Uganda-PPP-Review_2018_Final.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> This led to an increase in lower secondary enrolment of nearly 25% between 2007 and 2012.[[File:Uganda students.jpg|thumb|Students in Uganda]]

At the 2002 census, Uganda had a [[literacy]] rate of 66.8 percent (76.8 percent male and 57.7 percent female).<ref name=cia/> Public spending on education was at 5.2 percent of the 2002–2005 GDP.<ref name="hdrstats.undp.org"/>

{{As of|2020}}, the [[Uganda National Council for Higher Education|NCHE]] website listed 46 private accredited universities,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://unche.or.ug/|access-date=20 November 2020|website=unche.or.ug|archive-date=6 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106225116/https://unche.or.ug/|url-status=live}}</ref> including [[Makerere University]], [[Mbarara University|Mbarara University of science and technology]], [[Kyambogo University]], [[Gulu University]], [[Uganda Christian University]], [[Kampala International University|Kampala international University]].

===Health===
{{Main|Health in Uganda|HIV/AIDS in Uganda}}
[[File:Aerial view of old Mulago Hospital in Uganda.jpg|thumb|Mulago National Referral Hospital]]
There were eight physicians per 100,000 persons in the early 2000s.<ref name="hdrstats.undp.org" /> Uganda's elimination of user fees at state health facilities in 2001 has resulted in an 80 percent increase in visits, with over half of this increase coming from the poorest 20 percent of the population.<ref name="autogenerated1">[https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171012091152/http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/download/4895.pdf The MDGs and equity]. Overseas Development Institute, June 2010</ref> This policy has been cited as a key factor in helping Uganda achieve its Millennium Development Goals and as an example of the importance of equity in achieving those goals.<ref name="ODI" /> Despite this policy, many users are denied care if they do not provide their own medical equipment, as happened in the highly publicised case of Jennifer Anguko.<ref>{{cite news | last=Dugger | first=Celia | title=Maternal Deaths Focus Harsh Light on Uganda | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/30/world/africa/30uganda.html | access-date=17 January 2012 | newspaper=The New York Times | date=29 July 2011 | archive-date=16 January 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116232519/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/30/world/africa/30uganda.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Poor communication within hospitals,<ref>{{Cite journal | last1=Rutebemberwa | first1=E. | last2=Ekirapa-Kiracho | first2=E. | last3=Okui | first3=O. | last4=Walker | first4=D. | last5=Mutebi | first5=A. | last6=Pariyo | first6=G. | doi=10.1186/1472-6963-9-146 | title=Lack of effective communication between communities and hospitals in Uganda: A qualitative exploration of missing links | journal=BMC Health Services Research | volume=9 | pages=146 | year=2009 | pmid=19671198 | pmc=2731748 | doi-access=free }}</ref> low satisfaction with health services<ref>{{cite journal | last=Kiguli | first=Julie | title=Increasing access to quality health care for the poor: community perceptions on quality care in Uganda | journal=Patient Preference and Adherence | year=2009 | volume=3 | pages=77–85 | doi=10.2147/ppa.s4091 | pmid=19936148 | display-authors=etal | pmc=2778436 | doi-access=free }}</ref> and distance to health service providers undermine the provision of quality health care to people living in Uganda, and particularly for those in poor and elderly-headed households.<ref name="pariyo2009">{{cite journal | last=Pariyo | first=G. | title=Changes in Utilization of Health Services among Poor and Rural Residents in Uganda: Are Reforms Benefitting the Poor? | journal=International Journal for Equity in Health | year=2009 | volume=8 | pages=39 | doi=10.1186/1475-9276-8-39 | pmid=19909514 | display-authors=etal | pmc=2781807 | doi-access=free }}</ref> The provision of subsidies for poor and rural populations, along with the extension of public private partnerships, have been identified as important provisions to enable vulnerable populations to access health services.<ref name="pariyo2009" />

[[File:Life expectancy in Uganda.svg|thumb|Development of life expectancy]]
[[Life expectancy]] at birth was estimated to be 63.4 years in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Life expectancy in Uganda|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy|access-date=18 February 2022|website=Our World in Data|archive-date=13 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813180308/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[infant mortality]] rate was approximately 61 deaths per 1,000 children in 2012.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html?countryName=Uganda&countryCode=ug&regionCode=afr&rank=27#ug CIA World Factbook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505035633/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html?countryName=Uganda&countryCode=ug&regionCode=afr&rank=27#ug |date=5 May 2012 }}: Infant Mortality ranks</ref>

In July 2012, there was an [[Ebola]] outbreak in the [[Kibaale District]] of the country.<ref>{{cite news | title=Ebola Outbreak Spreads | agency=Associated Press | newspaper=Daily Express | date=31 July 2012}}</ref> On 4 October 2012, the Ministry of Health officially declared the end of the outbreak after at least 16 people had died.<ref>{{cite news | last=Biryabarema | first=Elias | title=Uganda says it is now free of deadly Ebola virus | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uganda-ebola-idUSBRE89409E20121005 | work=Reuters | date=5 October 2012 | access-date=2 July 2017 | archive-date=24 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924171138/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/05/us-uganda-ebola-idUSBRE89409E20121005 | url-status=live }}</ref>

The Health Ministry announced on 16 August 2013 that three people had died in northern Uganda from a suspected outbreak of [[Congo Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever]].<ref>{{cite news | title=Three die in Uganda from Ebola-like fever: Health Ministry | url=https://news.yahoo.com/three-die-uganda-ebola-fever-health-ministry-122947530.html | work=Yahoo News | access-date=16 August 2013 | archive-date=20 August 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130820115319/http://news.yahoo.com/three-die-uganda-ebola-fever-health-ministry-122947530.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>

Uganda has been among the rare [[HIV]] success stories.<ref name="hdrstats.undp.org">{{cite web | url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/data_sheets/cty_ds_UGA.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429194955/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/data_sheets/cty_ds_UGA.html | archive-date=29 April 2009 | title=Human Development Report 2009 – Uganda [Archived]| publisher=Hdrstats.undp.org | access-date=3 May 2010}}</ref> Infection rates of 30 percent of the population in the 1980s fell to 6.4 percent by the end of 2008.<ref>Kelly, Annie (1 December 2008), "[https://www.theguardian.com/katine/2008/dec/01/world-aids-day-uganda Background: HIV/Aids in Uganda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118085336/https://www.theguardian.com/katine/2008/dec/01/world-aids-day-uganda |date=18 January 2017 }}". ''The Guardian''.</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/uganda | title=UNAIDS: Uganda Profile | publisher=UNAIDS | access-date=4 April 2012 | archive-date=15 March 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315102650/http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/uganda/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Meanwhile, the practice of abstinence was found to have decreased.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1097/00002030-200003100-00017 | last1=Kamali | first1=A. | last2=Carpenter | first2=L. M. | last3=Whitworth | first3=J. A. | last4=Pool | first4=R. | last5=Ruberantwari | first5=A. | last6=Ojwiya | first6=A. | title=Seven-year trends in HIV-1 infection rates, and changes in sexual behaviour, among adults in rural Uganda | journal=AIDS | volume=14 | issue=4 | pages=427–434 | year=2000 | pmid=10770546| s2cid=612207 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

Less than half of all sexually active unmarried women use a modern contraceptive method, a fraction that has barely changed from 2000 to 2011. However, only ≈26% of married women used contraceptives in 2011. The use of contraceptives also differs substantially between poor (≈15%) and wealthy women (≈40%).<ref name=":2" /> As a result, Ugandan women have ≈6 children while they prefer to have around ≈4. According to the 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), more than 40% of births are unplanned. In 2010, the Ugandan Ministry of Health estimated that unsafe abortion accounted for 8% of the country's maternal deaths.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.guttmacher.org/fact-sheet/contraception-and-unintended-pregnancy-uganda|title=Contraception and Unintended Pregnancy in Uganda|date=14 February 2016|website=Guttmacher Institute|language=en|access-date=30 January 2019|archive-date=30 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130220802/https://www.guttmacher.org/fact-sheet/contraception-and-unintended-pregnancy-uganda|url-status=live}}</ref> The 2006 Uganda Demographic Health Survey (UDHS) indicated that roughly 6,000 women die each year from pregnancy-related complications.<ref>{{cite web | title=Uganda Demographic and Health Survey 2006 | url=http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR194/FR194.pdf | publisher=Measure DHS | access-date=17 January 2012 | archive-date=12 August 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812030910/http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR194/FR194.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> Pilot studies in 2012 by Future Health Systems have shown that this rate could be significantly reduced by implementing a voucher scheme for health services and transport to clinics.<ref>{{cite web | title=Improving Access to Safe Deliveries in Uganda | url=http://www.futurehealthsystems.org/publications/improving-access-to-safe-deliveries-in-uganda.html | publisher=Future Health Systems | access-date=17 January 2012 | archive-date=23 December 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111223174717/http://www.futurehealthsystems.org/publications/improving-access-to-safe-deliveries-in-uganda.html | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Women's Perceptions of ANC and delivery care Services, a community perspective | url=http://www.futurehealthsystems.org/storage/Research20Brief2021.pdf | publisher=Future Health Systems | access-date=8 May 2012 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114105517/http://www.futurehealthsystems.org/storage/Research20Brief2021.pdf | archive-date=14 November 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

The prevalence of [[female genital mutilation]] (FGM) is low: according to a 2013 UNICEF report,<ref name="UNICEF2013p27">[http://www.unicef.org/media/files/FGCM_Lo_res.pdf UNICEF 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405083031/http://www.unicef.org/media/files/FGCM_Lo_res.pdf |date=5 April 2015 }}, p. 27.</ref> only 1 percent of women in Uganda have undergone FGM, with the practice being illegal in the country.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8406940.stm | title=Uganda bans female genital mutilation | work=BBC News | date=10 December 2009 | access-date=30 May 2015 | archive-date=4 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204010402/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8406940.stm | url-status=live }}</ref>

===Crime and law enforcement===
{{main|Uganda Police Force}}
[[File:Women of the Uganda Police Force marching during the International Women's Day celebrations in Mbale Municipality.jpg|thumb|Women of Uganda Police Force]]
The Uganda Police Force is the national [[police]] force. Its head is called the [[Inspector General of Police]] (IGP), currently Abbas Byakagaba. Byakagaba replaced former IGP, [[Geoffrey Tumusiime]] on 18 May 2024.<ref name="18mayIGP">{{cite web |last=Kamusiime |first=Wilfred |date=18 May 2024 |title=Appointments and Redeployments in the Uganda Police Force |website=Uganda Police Force |url=https://www.upf.go.ug/appointments-and-redeployments-in-the-uganda-police-force/ |access-date=19 May 2024 |archive-date=20 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520061525/https://www.upf.go.ug/appointments-and-redeployments-in-the-uganda-police-force/ |quote=Major General Geoffrey Tumusiime Katsigazi goes back to the UPDF for redeployment. |url-status=live }}</ref> Recruitment to the forces is done annually.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-17|title=Uganda Police Force UPF Next Recruitment 2020 {{!}} Apply|url=https://admissions.co.ug/uganda-police-force-upf-next-recruitment/|access-date=2021-02-05|website=Admissions|language=en-US|archive-date=18 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418164551/https://admissions.co.ug/uganda-police-force-upf-next-recruitment/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[Allied Democratic Forces]] is a violent rebel force that opposes the Ugandan government. These rebels are an enemy of the Uganda People's Defence Force and an affiliate of [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|Al-Shabaab]].<ref>[http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/638611-adf-recruiting-in-mayuge-iganga-says-army.html ADF recruiting in Mayuge, Iganga says army] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129025850/http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/638611-adf-recruiting-in-mayuge-iganga-says-army.html |date=29 November 2014 }}. Newvision.co.ug (3 January 2013). Retrieved 24 March 2013.</ref>

===Tourism===
{{Main|Tourism in Uganda}}
[[File:Rwenzori Mountains.jpg|thumb|Rwenzori mountains in Uganda]]
[[File:FLII Uganda.png|thumb|Forest Landscape Integrity Index 2019 map of Uganda. Forest condition measured by degree of anthropogenic modification. 0 = most modifications; 10 = least. Created in [[Google Earth Engine]]. National boundaries = LSIB 2017: Large Scale International Boundary Polygons, Detailed, US Officer of the Geographer.]]
[[Tourism in Uganda]] is focused on Uganda's landscape and wildlife. It is a major driver of employment, investment and foreign exchange, contributing 4.9 trillion [[Ugandan shilling]]s (US$1.88 billion or €1.4 billion as of August 2013) to Uganda's [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] in the financial year 2012–13.<ref name=Mutagamba>{{cite news |last=Mutagamba |first=Moses |date=25 August 2013 |title=Uganda Wildlife Authority staff under probe |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/646483-uganda-wildlife-authority-staff-under-probe.html |access-date=25 August 2013 |newspaper=New Vision |archive-date=27 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827174640/http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/646483-uganda-wildlife-authority-staff-under-probe.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Uganda Tourism Board is responsible for maintaining information pertaining to tourism in Uganda. The main attractions are photo safaris through the [[List of protected areas of Uganda|National parks and game Reserves]]. Other attractions include the Mountain Gorillas found in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (BINP) and Mgahinga Gorilla National Park (MGNP), Uganda having some of the oldest cultural kingdom in Africa has many [[National Cultural Sites of Uganda|Cultural sites]]. Uganda is a birding paradise boasting a massive bird list of more than 1073 recorded bird species ranking 4th in Africa's bird species and 16th internationally.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Countries with the most bird species|website=Mongabay |url=https://rainforests.mongabay.com/03birds.htm|access-date=5 November 2020|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130511/https://rainforests.mongabay.com/03birds.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Uganda has landscapes ranging from white-capped [[Rwenzori Mountains|Rwenzori mountains]] to the [[Great Rift Valley]].