Editing Typhoid fever (section)

=== Early descriptions ===
The [[plague of Athens]], during the [[Peloponnesian War]], was most likely an outbreak of typhoid fever.<ref name=":1" /> During the war, [[Athenians]] retreated into a walled-in city to escape attack from the [[Sparta]]ns. This massive influx of humans into a concentrated space overwhelmed the water supply and waste infrastructure, likely leading to unsanitary conditions as fresh water became harder to obtain and waste became more difficult to collect and remove beyond the city walls.<ref name=":1" /> In 2006, examining the remains of a mass burial site from Athens from around the time of the plague (~430 B.C.) revealed that fragments of DNA similar to that of modern-day [[Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica|''S.'' Typhi]] were detected, whereas ''[[Yersinia pestis]]'' (plague), ''[[Rickettsia prowazekii]]'' (typhus), ''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]'', [[Cowpox|cowpox virus]], and ''[[Bartonella henselae]]'' were not detected in any of the remains tested.<ref name=":10">{{cite journal | vauthors = Papagrigorakis MJ, Yapijakis C, Synodinos PN, Baziotopoulou-Valavani E | title = DNA examination of ancient dental pulp incriminates typhoid fever as a probable cause of the Plague of Athens | journal = International Journal of Infectious Diseases | volume = 10 | issue = 3 | pages = 206–14 | date = May 2006 | pmid = 16412683 | doi = 10.1016/j.ijid.2005.09.001 | doi-access = free }}</ref>