Editing Turquoise (section)

== Valuation and care ==
{{unreferenced section|date=April 2019}}
[[File:turquoise-slab.jpg|thumb|Slab of turquoise in matrix showing a large variety of different colouration]]
Hardness and richness of colour are two of the major factors in determining the value of turquoise; while colour is a matter of individual taste, generally speaking, the most desirable is a strong [[sky blue|sky]] to [[robin egg blue]] (in reference to the eggs of the [[American robin]]).<ref name="dharamsalanet.com" /> Whatever the colour, for many applications, turquoise should not be soft or chalky; even if treated, such lesser material (to which most turquoise belongs) is liable to fade or discolour over time and will not hold up to normal use in jewellery.

The mother rock or ''matrix'' in which turquoise is found can often be seen as splotches or a network of brown or black veins running through the stone in a netted pattern;<ref name=Hurlbut/> this veining may add value to the stone if the result is complementary, but such a result is uncommon. Such material is sometimes described as "spiderweb matrix"; it is most valued in the [[Southwest United States]] and [[Far East]], but is not highly appreciated in the [[Near East]] where unblemished and vein-free material is ideal (regardless of how complementary the veining may be). Uniformity of colour is desired, and in finished pieces the quality of workmanship is also a factor; this includes the quality of the polish and the symmetry of the stone. Calibrated stones—that is, stones adhering to standard jewellery setting measurements—may also be more sought after. Like [[Coral (precious)|coral]] and other opaque gems, turquoise is commonly sold at a price according to its physical size in millimetres rather than weight.

Turquoise is [[#Treatments|treated]] in many different ways, some more permanent and radical than others. Controversy exists as to whether some of these treatments should be acceptable, but one can be more or less forgiven universally: This is the ''light'' [[wax]]ing or [[oil]]ing applied to most gem turquoise to improve its colour and lustre; if the material is of high quality to begin with, very little of the wax or oil is absorbed and the turquoise therefore does not rely on this impermanent treatment for its beauty. All other factors being equal, untreated turquoise will always command a higher price. Bonded and reconstituted material is worth considerably less.

Being a [[phosphate]] mineral, turquoise is inherently fragile and sensitive to solvents; [[perfume]] and other [[cosmetics]] will attack the finish and may alter the colour of turquoise gems, as will skin oils, as will most commercial jewellery cleaning fluids. Prolonged exposure to direct sunlight may also discolour or dehydrate turquoise. Care should therefore be taken when wearing such jewels: cosmetics, including [[sunscreen]] and [[hair spray]], should be applied before putting on turquoise jewellery, and they should not be worn to a beach or other sun-bathed environment. After use, turquoise should be gently cleaned with a soft cloth to avoid a buildup of residue, and should be stored in its own container to avoid scratching by harder gems. Turquoise can also be adversely affected if stored in an airtight container. {{Citation needed|date=December 2020}}