Editing Tragedy of the commons (section)

===Psychological factors===
Kopelman, Weber, & Messick (2002), in a review of the experimental research on cooperation in commons dilemmas, identify nine classes of independent variables that influence cooperation in commons dilemmas: social motives, gender, payoff structure, uncertainty, power and status, group size, communication, causes, and frames.<ref>{{Citation|last=Kopelman|first=Shirli|title=The Herdsman and the Sheep, Mouton, or Kivsa? The Influence of Group Culture on Cooperation in Social Dilemmas|date=2008|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72596-3_11|work=New Issues and Paradigms in Research on Social Dilemmas|pages=177–188|place=Boston|publisher=Springer US|doi=10.1007/978-0-387-72596-3_11|hdl=2027.42/49422|isbn=978-0-387-72595-6|access-date=2021-05-25|hdl-access=free}}</ref> They organize these classes and distinguish between psychological individual differences (stable personality traits) and situational factors (the environment).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Goryńska|first1=Ewa|last2=Winiewski|first2=Mikołaj|last3=Zajenkowski|first3=Marcin|date=April 2015|title=Situational factors and personality traits as determinants of college students' mood|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.027|journal=Personality and Individual Differences|volume=77|pages=1–6|doi=10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.027|issn=0191-8869}}</ref> Situational factors include both the task (social and decision structure) and the perception of the task.{{sfn|Kopelman| Weber|Messick|2002}}

Empirical findings support the theoretical argument that the cultural group is a critical factor that needs to be studied in the context of situational variables.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hartgen|first=David T.|date=December 1974|title=Attitudinal and situational variables influencing urban mode choice: Some empirical findings|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00167967|journal=Transportation|volume=3|issue=4|pages=377–392|doi=10.1007/bf00167967|s2cid=154764280|issn=0049-4488}}</ref><ref>Gelfand & Dyer, 2000</ref> Rather than behaving in line with economic incentives, people are likely to approach the decision to cooperate with an appropriateness framework.{{sfn|Weber|Kopelman|Messick|2004}} An expanded, four factor model of the Logic of Appropriateness,{{sfn|Kopelman|2009}}<ref name="Myers2012">{{cite journal |last1=Myers |first1=Christopher G. |last2=Kopelman |first2=Shirli |title=Cooperation between Cultures in the Commons: Implications for Cross-Cultural Interactions |journal=Academy of Management Proceedings |date=2012 |volume=2012 |issue=1 |page=11042 |doi=10.5465/AMBPP.2012.11042abstract |url=https://journals.aom.org/doi/10.5465/AMBPP.2012.11042abstract |location=Briarcliff Manor, NY |issn=2151-6561}}</ref> suggests that the cooperation is better explained by the question: "What does a person like me (identity) do (rules) in a situation like this (recognition) given this culture (group)?"