Editing Togo (section)

== Demographics ==
{{Main|Demographics of Togo}}
{|class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px"
! colspan="4"  style="text-align:center; background:#cfb;"|Population{{UN_Population|ref}}
|-
! style="background:#cfb;"|Year
! style="background:#cfb;"|Million
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1950 ||style="text-align:right;"|1.4
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|2000 ||style="text-align:right;"|5.0
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|{{UN_Population|Year}} ||style="text-align:right;"|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Togo}}|R}}/1e6 round 1}}
|}
The November 2010 census gave Togo a population of 6,191,155, more than double the total counted in the last census; in 2022 the Togo population was 8,680,832.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.humandatas.com/pays/Togo | title=Population Togo - evolution population Togo - Pyramide des âges - age median - demographie - chiffres | access-date=7 October 2022 | archive-date=4 November 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104091410/https://en.humandatas.com/pays/Togo | url-status=live }}</ref> That census, taken in 1981, showed the nation had a population of 2,719,567. The capital, Lomé, grew from 375,499 in 1981 to 837,437 in 2010. When the urban population of surrounding Golfe prefecture is added, the Lomé Agglomeration contained 1,477,660 residents in 2010.<ref name="ReferenceA">[RGPH4 Recensement Général de la Population 2010]. Direction Générale de la Statistique et de la Comptabilité Nationale</ref><ref name="Données de Recensement">[http://www.stat-togo.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=43&Itemid=96 Données de Recensement] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026150747/http://www.stat-togo.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=43&Itemid=96 |date=26 October 2021 }}. Direction Générale de la Statistique et de la Comptabilité Nationale</ref>

Other cities in Togo according to the new census were Sokodé (95,070), Kara (94,878), Kpalimé (75,084), Atakpamé (69,261), Dapaong (58,071) and Tsévié (54,474). With an estimated population of {{UN_Population|Togo}} ({{As of|{{UN_Population|Year}}|lc=y}}), Togo is the 107th largest country by population. Most of the population (65%) live in rural villages dedicated to agriculture or pastures. The population of Togo shows a stronger growth: from 1961 (the year after independence) to 2003 it quintupled.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="Données de Recensement"/>
{{Largest cities
| country      = Togo
| stat_ref     = According to the 2010 Census<ref>{{Cite web|title=Togo|work=City Population|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/togo/cities/|access-date=9 December 2021|archive-date=5 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805142020/http://citypopulation.de/en/togo/cities/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| div_name     = Region

| city_1 = Lomé
| div_1 = Maritime Region{{!}}Maritime
| pop_1 = 1,477,658
| img_1 = Quartier des administrations (Lomé, Togo).jpg

| city_2 = Sokodé
| div_2 = Centrale Region, Togo{{!}}Centrale
| pop_2 = 117,811
| img_2 = Sokodé-centre-ville.jpg

| city_3 = Kara, Togo{{!}}Kara
| div_3 = Kara Region{{!}}Kara
| pop_3 = 94,878
| img_3 = Kara, Togo - panoramio - Milos58.jpg

| city_4 = Kpalimé
| div_4 = Plateaux Region, Togo{{!}}Plateaux
| pop_4 = 75,084
| img_4 = Kpalime.jpg

| city_5 = Atakpamé
| div_5 = Plateaux Region, Togo{{!}}Plateaux
| pop_5 = 69,261

| city_6 = Dapaong
| div_6 = Savanes Region, Togo{{!}}Savanes
| pop_6 = 58,071

| city_7 = Tsévié
| div_7 = Maritime Region{{!}}Maritime
| pop_7 = 54,474

| city_8 = Anié
| div_8 = Plateaux Region, Togo{{!}}Plateaux
| pop_8 = 37,398

| city_9 = Notsé
| div_9 = Plateaux Region, Togo{{!}}Plateaux
| pop_9 = 35,039

| city_10 = Cinkassé
| div_10 = Savanes Region, Togo{{!}}Savanes
| pop_10 = 26,926

}}

=== Ethnic groups ===
[[File:Togo-benin 1985-079 hg.jpg|thumb|People in the 1980s]]
In Togo, there are about 40 different ethnic groups, the most numerous of which are the [[Ewe people|Ewe]] in the south who make up 32% of the population. Along the southern coastline, they account for 21% of the population. Also found are [[Tem language|Kotokoli or Tem]] and [[Tchamba]] in the centre and the [[Kabye people]] in the north (22%). The {{ill|Ouatchi|fr|Waci (peuple)|lt=Ouatchis}} are 14% of the population. Sometimes the Ewes and Ouatchis are considered the same, while the French who studied both groups considered them different people.<ref>{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of world geography |author1=Khan, M. Ali |author2=Sherieff, A. |author3=Balakishan, A. |year=2007 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |isbn=978-81-7625-773-2 |page=255 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GUwr1BpOCooC&pg=PA255 |access-date=29 September 2020 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518182153/https://books.google.com/books?id=GUwr1BpOCooC&pg=PA255 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Other ethnic groups include the Mina, [[Mossi people|Mossi]], the Moba and Bassar, the Tchokossi of Mango (about 8%). Non-Africans include [[French people]] and [[Portuguese people]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Togo#ref55353|title=Togo &#124; Capital, Map, Religion, Population, & Facts &#124; Britannica}}</ref>

=== Religion ===
{{Main|Religion in Togo }}

{{Pie chart
| thumb = left
| caption = Religion in Togo (Arda 2020 estimate)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=221c|title=Religions in Togo &#124; Arda|website=www.globalreligiousfutures.org|access-date=17 October 2020|archive-date=6 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306005400/https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=221c|url-status=live}}</ref>
| label1 = [[Christianity]]
| value1 = 47.84
| color1 = Blue
| label3 = [[Islam]]
| value3 = 18.36
| color3 = Green
| label2 = [[Traditional African religions|Traditional faiths]]
| value2 = 33.43
| color2 = Yellow
| label4 = [[Irreligion|No religion]]
| value4 = 0.23
| color4 = Grey
| label5 = Other
| value5 = 1.14
| color5 = Black
| value6 = 
| color6 = Yellow
| value7 = 
| color7 =
}}[[File:Kpalime.jpg|thumb|left|Church in [[Kpalime]]]]

According to a 2012 US government religious freedoms report, in 2004 the University of Lomé estimated that 33% of the population were traditional animists, 28% were Roman Catholic, 20% Sunni Muslim, 9% Protestant and another 5% belonged to other Christian denominations. The remaining 5% were reported to include persons not affiliated with any religious group. The report noted that "many" Christians and Muslims continue to perform indigenous religious practices.<ref name="Togo 2012">{{cite web |year=2012 |title=Togo 2012 International Religious Freedom Report |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/208418.pdf |access-date=17 March 2023 |website=2009-2017 Archive for the U.S. Department of State |publisher=[[Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor]] |page=1 |language=en |archive-date=3 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303004947/https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/208418.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2023, [[The World Factbook]] stated that 42.3% of the population was Christian and 14% Muslim, with 36.9% being followers of indigenous beliefs, less than one percent being [[Hindus]], [[Jews]], and followers of other religions, and 6.2% being [[Irreligion|unaffiliated]].<ref name="cia.gov" />

[[Christianity]] began to spread from the middle of the 15th century, after the arrival of Portuguese [[Roman Catholic|Catholic]] missionaries. Germans introduced [[Protestantism]] in the second half of the 19th century when a hundred missionaries of the Bremen Missionary Society were sent to the coastal areas of Togo and Ghana. Togo's Protestants were known as "Brema", a corruption of the word "[[Bremen]]". After [[World War I]], German missionaries had to leave, which gave birth to the early autonomy of the [[Ewe Evangelical Church]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Decalo|first1=Samuel|title=Historical Dictionary of Togo |date=1996|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=9780810830738|page=74}}</ref>

In 2022, Freedom House rated Togo's religious freedom as 3 out of 4,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.freedomhouse.org/country/togo/freedom-world/2022 |title=Freedom House, Retrieved 2023-04-25 |access-date=27 April 2023 |archive-date=17 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517135624/https://freedomhouse.org/country/togo/freedom-world/2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> noting that religious freedom is constitutionally protected and generally respected in practice. Islam, Catholicism and Protestantism are recognised by the state; other groups must register as religious associations to receive similar benefits. The registration process has been subject to long delays with almost 900 applications pending at the beginning of 2021.

=== Languages ===
{{main|Languages of Togo}}
According to Ethnologue, 39 distinct languages are spoken in the country, some of them by communities that number fewer than 100,000 members.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=TG|website=Ethnologue.com|title=Languages of Togo|access-date=31 October 2010|archive-date=29 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029075952/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=TG|url-status=live}}</ref> Of the 39 languages, the sole [[official language]] is French.<ref name="iccia.com">{{cite web |title=Country Profile {{!}} The Islamic Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture (ICCIA) |url=http://iccia.com/?q=countryprofile/home/code&code=tg |website=iccia.com |access-date=27 January 2021 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418214950/https://iccia.com/?q=countryprofile/home/code&code=tg |url-status=live }}</ref> Two spoken indigenous languages were designated politically as [[national language]]s in 1975: [[Ewe language|Ewé]] ({{langx|ee|Èʋegbe}}; {{langx|fr|Evé}}) and [[Kabiyé language|Kabiyé]].<ref name="iccia.com"/>

Though not native to most groups, French is used in formal education, legislature, all forms of media, [[Administration (law)|administration]] and commerce. Ewe is a language of wider communication in the south. [[Tem language|Tem]] functions to a limited extent as a trade language in some northern towns.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/TG|title=Togo|website=Ethnologue.com|access-date=26 August 2017|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417113622/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/TG|url-status=live}}</ref> Officially, Ewe and Kabiye are "national languages", which in the Togolese context means languages that are promoted in formal education and used in the media. Others are Gen, Aja, Moba, Ntcham, and Ife. In joining the Commonwealth, the Togolese government has anticipated opportunities for Togolese citizens to learn English.<ref name=":2" />

=== Health ===
The Human Rights Measurement Initiative<ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Rights Measurement Initiative – The first global initiative to track the human rights performance of countries |url=https://humanrightsmeasurement.org/ |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=humanrightsmeasurement.org |archive-date=8 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308173546/https://humanrightsmeasurement.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> finds that Togo is fulfilling 73.1% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to health based on its level of income.<ref name="Togo - HRMI Rights Tracker">{{Cite web |title=Togo - HRMI Rights Tracker |url=https://rightstracker.org/ |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=rightstracker.org |language=en |archive-date=19 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519142734/https://rightstracker.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> When looking at the right to health with respect to children, Togo achieves 93.8% of what is expected based on its current income.<ref name="Togo - HRMI Rights Tracker"/> In regards to the right to health amongst the adult population, the country achieves 88.2% of what is expected based on the nation's level of income.<ref name="Togo - HRMI Rights Tracker"/> It falls into the "very bad" category when evaluating the right to reproductive health because the nation is fulfilling 37.3% of what the nation is expected to achieve based on the resources (income) it has available.<ref name="Togo - HRMI Rights Tracker"/>

Health expenditure in Togo was 5.2% of GDP in 2014, which ranks the country in 45th place in the world.<ref name="cia.gov"/> The [[infant mortality]] rate is approximately 43.7 deaths per 1,000 children in 2016.<ref name="cia.gov"/> Male [[life expectancy at birth]] was at 62.3 in 2016, whereas it was at 67.7 years for females.<ref name="cia.gov"/> There were 5 physicians per 100,000 people in 2008<ref name="cia.gov"/> According to a 2013 UNICEF report,<ref name=UNICEF2013p27>[http://www.unicef.org/media/files/FGCM_Lo_res.pdf UNICEF 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405083031/http://www.unicef.org/media/files/FGCM_Lo_res.pdf |date=5 April 2015 }}, p. 27.</ref> 4% of women in Togo have undergone [[female genital mutilation]].

{{As of|2015}}, the maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births for Togo is 368, compared with 350 in 2010 and 539.7 in 1990.<ref name="cia.gov"/> The under 5 mortality rate per 1,000 births is 100, and the neonatal mortality as a percentage of under 5's mortality is 32. In Togo the number of midwives per 1,000 live births is 2 and the lifetime risk of death for pregnant women is 1 in 67.<ref name="SOWMY">{{cite web|url=http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/report/home.html|title=The State Of The World's Midwifery|publisher=United Nations Population Fund|access-date=1 August 2011|archive-date=20 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120184853/http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/report/home.html|url-status=live}} Accessed August 2011.</ref>

In 2016, Togo had 4100 (2400–6100) new HIV infections and 5100 (3100–7700) AIDS-related deaths. There were 100,000 (73,000-130,000) people living with HIV in 2016, among whom 51% (37-67%) were accessing antiretroviral therapy. Among pregnant women living with HIV, 86% (59% - >95%) were accessing treatment or prophylaxis to prevent transmission of HIV to their children. An estimated <1000 (<500-1400) children were newly infected with HIV due to mother-to-child transmission. Among people living with HIV, approximately 42% (30-55%) had suppressed viral loads.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/togo|title=Togo|website=www.unaids.org|access-date=14 December 2019|archive-date=31 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731160404/https://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/togo|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[French Development Agency|AFD]] is working to enhance living conditions in [[Lomé]], the coastal city with a population of 1.4 million, by modernizing [[Waste management|solid waste management services.]] The project involves enhancing garbage collection through the construction of a new [[landfill]] that meets international standards.<ref name=":111">{{Cite web |last=Bank |first=European Investment |date=2023-02-23 |title=The Clean Oceans Initiative |url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20230014-the-clean-oceans-initiative |language=EN |access-date=24 February 2023 |archive-date=23 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223145820/https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20230014-the-clean-oceans-initiative |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Clean Oceans Initiative |url=https://www.afd.fr/en/the-clean-oceans-initiative |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=www.afd.fr |language=en |archive-date=24 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224075540/https://www.afd.fr/en/the-clean-oceans-initiative |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2024, a Universal Health Insurance program was launched, covering 800,000 people within six months and implemented through the National Social Security Fund and the National Health Insurance Institute.<ref>{{Cite web |last=First |first=Togo |title=Togo's Universal Health Insurance Covers 800,000 People in First Six Months |url=https://www.togofirst.com/en/social/1207-14440-togos-universal-health-insurance-covers-800-000-people-in-first-six-months |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=www.togofirst.com |language=en-gb}}</ref>

=== Education ===
[[Education in Togo]] is compulsory for six years.<ref name=ilab>[http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2001/Togo.htm "Togo"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080202100024/http://www.dol.gov/ILAB/media/reports/iclp/tda2001/togo.htm |date=2 February 2008 }}. ''2001 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor''. [[Bureau of International Labor Affairs]], [[U.S. Department of Labor]] (2002). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [[public domain]].</ref> In 1996, the gross primary enrollment rate was 119.6%, and the net primary enrollment rate was 81.3%.<ref name=ilab/> In 2011, the net enrollment rate was 94%. The education system has "suffered from teacher shortages, lower educational quality in rural areas, and high repetition and dropout rates".<ref name=ilab/>