Editing Titanium (section)

===Pilot plants===
Methods for [[electrolytic]] production of Ti metal from {{chem2|TiO2}} using molten salt electrolytes have been researched and tested at laboratory and small pilot plant scales. The lead author of an impartial review published in 2017 considered his own process "ready for scaling up."<ref name=fray17>{{cite journal |last1=Fray |first1=Derek |last2=Schwandt |first2=Carsten |title=Aspects of the Application of Electrochemistry to the Extraction of Titanium and Its Applications |journal=Materials Transactions |volume=58 |date=2017 |issue=3 |issn=1345-9678 |doi=10.2320/matertrans.MK201619 |pages=306–312}}</ref> A 2023 review "discusses the [[electrochemical]] principles involved in the recovery of metals from [[aqueous solutions]] and [[fused salt]] electrolytes", with particular attention paid to titanium. While some metals such as [[nickel]] and [[copper]] can be refined by [[electrowinning]] at room temperature, titanium must be in the molten state and "there is a strong chance of attack of the [[refractory]] lining by molten titanium."<ref name="sohn23">{{cite journal |doi=10.1080/25726641.2023.2255368 |title=Role of electrochemical processes in the extraction of metals and alloys – a review |date=2023 |last1=Shamsuddin |first1=Mohammad |last2=Sohn |first2=Hong Yong |journal=Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy: Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy |volume=132 |issue=3–4 |pages=193–209 |bibcode=2023MPEM..132..193S }}</ref> Zhang et al concluded their Perspective on Thermochemical and Electrochemical Processes for Titanium Metal Production in 2017 that "Even though there are strong interests in the industry for finding a better method to produce Ti metal, and a large number of new concepts and improvements have been investigated at the laboratory or even at pilot plant scales, there is no new process to date that can replace the Kroll process commercially."<ref name="zhang17">{{cite journal |title=A Perspective on Thermochemical and Electrochemical Processes for Titanium Metal Production |date=2017 |doi=10.1007/s11837-017-2481-9 |last1=Zhang |first1=Ying |last2=Fang |first2=Zhigang Zak |last3=Sun |first3=Pei |last4=Zheng |first4=Shili |last5=Xia |first5=Yang |last6=Free |first6=Michael |journal=JOM |volume=69 |issue=10 |pages=1861–1868 |bibcode=2017JOM....69j1861Z }}</ref>

The [[Hydrogen assisted magnesiothermic reduction]] (HAMR) process uses [[titanium dihydride]].