Editing Ticino (section)

==Culture==
{{see also|List of cultural property of national significance in Switzerland: Ticino|List of museums in Ticino}}
[[File:Festival-del-film-locarno-03.jpg|thumb|People gathering on Piazza Grande during the [[Locarno Festival]]]]
===Cultural identity===
As the only predominantly Italian-speaking canton, Ticino notably distinguishes itself from the rest of the country by its meridional, or Mediterranean, culture.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rDz9ShJdf2cC | title=Constitutional Origins, Structure, and Change in Federal Countries | publisher=[[McGill-Queen's Press]] | author1=Kincaid, John | author2= Alan Tarr, George | year=2005 | pages=349 | isbn=9780773528499 |quote=On the south side of the Alps, the Canton of Ticino and parts of the Engadine Valley enjoy certain characteristics of Mediterranean culture.}}</ref> Cultural identity of Ticino is complex and is marked by its long history as a bailiwick of the Swiss Confederacy, until its independence of 1803.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-R0dAQAAMAAJ | title=Cenobio: rivista trimestrale di cultura della Svizzera italiana | journal=[[Cenobio]] | year=2002 | pages=103 |quote=I diversi ingredienti dell'appartenenza nazionale e del sentimento patrio dei ticinesi rivelano un'apparente ambivalenza, incomprensibile se non si considera la natura duplice e complessa dell'identità ticinese. Durante i tre secoli di dominazione elvetica nei baliaggi meridionali, anche se perdura l'identità dei ticinesi con la stirpe italica (grazie soprattutto ai tradizionali scambi commerciali e umani con la Lombardia), il loro carattere di "italianità" si amalgama progressivamente –  risultato delle strette consuetudini statuali, politiche e amministrative – con quello insorgente di "svizzerità" (elvetismo). |trans-quote=The different ingredients of national belonging and the homeland sentiment of the Ticinese reveal an apparent ambivalence, incomprehensible if one does not consider the dual and complex nature of the Ticinese identity. During the three centuries of Swiss domination in the southern bailiwicks, even if the identity of the Ticinese with the Italic lineage persists (thanks above all to the traditional commercial and human exchanges with Lombardy), their "Italian" character gradually amalgamates - the result of strict state, political and administrative customs - with the rising one of "Swissness".}}</ref> Ticinese identity was gradually forged in the 19th century, partly thanks to the efforts of major intellectual figures such as [[Stefano Franscini]] and [[Carlo Cattaneo]].<ref>{{cite conference | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uYsvAQAAMAAJ | title=Atti di Convegno internazionale di studi: L'umanesimo latino in Svizzera | publisher=Fondazione Cassamarca | accessdate=11 April 2022 | year=2002 | page=64 |quote=importante ricordare che all'inizio del Novecento il Ticino aveva appena un secolo di esistenza autonoma, che l'identità ticinese si era formata a poco a poco nell'Ottocento grazie agli sforzi di personalità come Carlo Cattaneo e Stefano Franscini |trans-quote=it is important to remember that at the beginning of the twentieth century Ticino had barely a century of autonomous existence, that the Ticinese identity was gradually formed in the nineteenth century thanks to the efforts of personalities such as Carlo Cattaneo and Stefano Franscini}}</ref> Cantonal patriotism is particularly strong in Ticino; this is reflected by the use of the term ''repubblica'' in official documents.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6oxGAQAAIAAJ | title=Il teatro nella Svizzera italiana: la generazione dei "fondatori" (1932-1987) | publisher=Casagrande | author=Lepori, Pierre | year=2008 | pages=24 | isbn=9788877135155 |quote=Francesco Chiesa (che pure aveva attribuito al Ticino l’epiteto di ”Repubblica dell’iperbole”) su ”La Voce” (18 dicembre 1912) afferma: ”I Ticinesi hanno generalmente un concetto altissimo del loro paese, delle loro istituzioni, dei loro uomini. Un critico rigido potrebbe in alcuni casi trovare esagerate le lodi, e un tantino eroicomico il tono (...). Ma è bello e quasi commovente che in un paese di tenaci odi politici e di così voluttuosi pettegolezzi, tutti: rossi e neri, campagnuoli e cittadini, siano tanto concordi in questo sentimento di esaltata stima”.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/009925/2011-12-23/ |title=République |language=fr |publisher=[[Historical Dictionary of Switzerland]] |quote=Les nouveaux cantons de la Suisse latine choisirent le titre de république, qui soulignait leur indépendance, alors que "canton" met l'accent sur l'appartenance à la Confédération; Genève, Neuchâtel et le Tessin l'ont conservé jusqu'à nos jours. |trans-quote=The new cantons of Latin Switzerland chose the title of republic, which underlined their independence, while "canton" emphasizes membership of the Confederation; Geneva, Neuchâtel and Ticino have kept it to this day.|access-date=1 February 2021}}</ref>

===Architecture===
Ticino is particularly known for its rich architectural heritage, ranging from the anonymous rock architecture of [[grotto]]s and splüi, over [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] and [[Baroque architecture|baroque]] to contemporary styles. The birthplace of [[Francesco Borromini]], the canton is home to internationally recognized architects, such as [[Mario Botta]], [[Aurelio Galfetti]], [[Luigi Snozzi]], and [[Livio Vacchini]].<ref name=snws>{{cite web |title=Canton Ticino: a taste |url=http://www.swissnews.ch/fileadmin/daten_Swissnews/PDF_Archiv/2010/05/100823_sn05__044_46_.pdf |publisher=Swissnews.ch |access-date=5 December 2014 |archive-date=7 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207161909/http://www.swissnews.ch/fileadmin/daten_Swissnews/PDF_Archiv/2010/05/100823_sn05__044_46_.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> As early as the 18th century, aristocrats from Russia and Italy employed numerous architects from Ticino.<ref name=btuc>{{cite web|title=The Architecture of Ticino "Tendenza" – a case of the past?|url=https://www-docs.tu-cottbus.de/lsk-architecture/public/lehrstuhl/professor/texte/en/loc_9805_engl2.pdf|publisher=BTU Cottbus|access-date=5 December 2014|archive-date=10 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210135309/https://www-docs.tu-cottbus.de/lsk-architecture/public/lehrstuhl/professor/texte/en/loc_9805_engl2.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> More recently, the region became a centre of the [[Neo-Rationalist]] ''Tendenza'' movement.<ref name="Hays2000">{{cite book|author=K. Michael Hays|title=Architecture Theory Since 1968|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4JQKFqe9m-wC&pg=PA246|year=2000|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=978-0-262-58188-2|page=246}}</ref>

[[File:Foroglio, Val Bavona (crop).jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|left|Rustic stone houses in Foroglio (Val Bavona - Maggia Valley)]]

Ticino hosts two [[World Heritage Sites]]: the [[Three Castles of Bellinzona]] and [[Monte San Giorgio]].<ref name=snws/> 

===Film===
During the second week of August, Locarno is host to the [[Locarno International Film Festival]], Switzerland's most prestigious.<ref name="Oettli2011">{{cite book|author=Max Oettli|title=CultureShock! Switzerland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7RaJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA189|year=2011|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=978-981-4435-93-2|page=189}}</ref> 

===Music===
[[Estival Jazz]], a free open-air jazz festival, is held in Lugano and [[Mendrisio]] in late June and July.<ref name="WilliamsSimonis2009b">{{cite book|author1=Nicola Williams|author2=Damien Simonis|author3=Kerry Walker|title=Switzerland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YKsnCK39IpAC&pg=PA330|year=2009|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-74220-381-2|page=330}}</ref><ref name="Lane2007">{{cite book|author=Joanne Lane|title=Adventure Guide to Sicily|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Frqqo7Cip1EC&pg=PA165 |date=1 July 2007|publisher=Hunter Publishing, Inc|isbn=978-1-58843-627-6|page=165}}</ref> Another jazz festival is [[Ascona Jazz Festival|held in Ascona]]. [[Rabadan]] is the major carnival festival of the canton. It has been ongoing now for more than 150 years.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.rsi.ch/news/ticino-e-grigioni-e-insubria/cronaca/150-anni-di-Rabadan-vuoi-rivederlo-23684.html | title=150 anni di Rabadan, vuoi rivederlo? | work=[[Radiotelevisione svizzera]] | date=9 February 2018 | accessdate=18 April 2022}}</ref>

Traditional folk music of Ticino also distinguishes itself from that of northern Switzerland.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QwlXAAAAYAAJ | title=La vita quotidiana in Svizzera dal 1300 | publisher=Armando Dadò Editore | author=Gentile, Gianni | year=1991 | pages=275 | isbn=9788885115293 |quote=Sono fioriti però anche differenti generi di musica popolare: nella Svizzera tedesca i ''Ländler'' e le sonorità del corno delle Alpi e degli ''Jodler''. L'arte del coro è stata coltivata nella Svizzera romanda e nel Grigioni romancio grazie a una preesistente ricca tradizione. Nel Ticino e in Italia invece fu soprattutto l'opera di stile veristico a diventare patrimonio popolare. I garzoni panettieri e macellai, mentre pedalavano sulle loro biciclette per fare le consegne, zufolavano le arie più famose di Verdi, Puccini e Mascagni. |trans-quote=However, different genres of popular music also flourished: in German-speaking Switzerland the ''Ländler'' and the sounds of the Alphorn and the ''Jodlers''. Choir art was cultivated in French-speaking Switzerland and Romansh Grisons thanks to a pre-existing rich tradition. In Ticino and Italy, on the other hand, it was above all the veristic style work that became popular heritage. The bakers and butchers, while pedaling on their bicycles to make deliveries, whistled the most famous arias of Verdi, Puccini and Mascagni.}}</ref> Among traditional instruments are the accordion, the guitar and, since the 19th century, the mandolin. Duos and trios with mandolin and guitar typically accompany regional folk songs.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xcmKTEeot-UC | title=Northern Italian & Ticino Region Folk Songs for Mandolin | publisher=Mel Bay Publications | author=Aonzo, Carlo | year=2015 | pages=5 | isbn=9781610659406 |quote=il mandolino è arrivato in Ticino, e qui ha messo delle importanti radici, essendo tra i principali rappresentanti del patrimonio culturale locale | trans-quote=the mandolin arrived in Ticino, and here it has taken roots, being among the main representatives of the local cultural heritage}}</ref> However, like most of Switzerland, Ticino has a long brass-band tradition. A regional, reduced version, is the ''bandella'', an ensemble consisting of brass instruments and clarinets.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gh03DwAAQBAJ | title=The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: Europe | publisher=[[Routledge]] | author=Rice, Timothy | chapter=Switzerland: The Italian-speaking part | year=2017| isbn=9781351544269 }}</ref>