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==Sources== {{refbegin|40em}} * {{cite journal|last=A. Mears|first=John |title=The Thirty Years' War, the "General Crisis," and the Origins of a Standing Professional Army in the Habsburg Monarchy|journal=Central European History|date=1988|volume=21|number=2|pages=122–41|doi=10.1017/S0008938900012711|jstor=4546115|s2cid=144482963 | issn=0008-9389 }} * {{Cite journal|last1=Alfani|first1=Guido|last2=Percoco|first2=Marco|title=Plague and long-term development: the lasting effects of the 1629–30 epidemic on the Italian cities|journal=The Economic History Review|url=https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fehr.12652|doi=10.1111/ehr.12652|issn=1468-0289|year=2019|volume=72|issue=4|pages=1175–1201|s2cid=131730725}} * {{cite book |last1=Algra |first1=Hendrik |last2=Algra |first2=Ale |title=Dispereert niet: Twintig eeuwen historie van de Nederlanden |trans-title=Despair not: Twenty centuries of the history of the Netherlands |date=1956 |publisher=T. Wever |language=nl |url=https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/algr001disp02_01/algr001disp02_01_0007.php |access-date=23 February 2023 |archive-date=23 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223154415/https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/algr001disp02_01/algr001disp02_01_0007.php |url-status=live }} * {{Cite book |last=Backstrom |first=Olli |title=Military Revolution and the Thirty Years War 1618–1648 - Aspects of Institutional Change and Decline|date=2023 |publisher=HUP |isbn=978-9523690929}} * {{Cite book |last=Baramova |first=Maria |title=Non-splendid isolation: the Ottoman Empire and the Thirty Years War in The Ashgate Research Companion to the Thirty Years' War |date=2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-4094-0629-7 |editor-last=Asbach |editor-first=Olaf |editor-last2=Schröder |editor-first2=Peter}} * {{Cite book |last=Bassett |first=Richard |title=For God and Kaiser; the Imperial Austrian Army |date=2015 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-17858-6}} * {{Cite book |last=Bely |first=Lucien |title=France and the Thirty Years War in The Ashgate Research Companion to the Thirty Years' War |date=2014 |publisher=Ashgate |isbn=978-1-4094-0629-7 |editor-last=Asbach |editor-first=Olaf |editor-last2=Schröder |editor-first2=Peter}} * {{Cite book |last=Van Nimwegen |first=Olaf |title=The Dutch–Spanish War in the Low Countries 1621–1648 in The Ashgate Research Companion to the Thirty Years' War |date=2014 |publisher=Ashgate |isbn=978-1-4094-0629-7 |editor-last=Asbach |editor-first=Olaf |editor-last2=Schröder |editor-first2=Peter}} * {{Cite journal |last=Bireley |first=Robert |date=1976 |title=The Peace of Prague (1635) and the Counterreformation in Germany |journal=The Journal of Modern History |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=31–69 |doi=10.1086/241519 |s2cid=143376778}} * {{Cite book |last=Bonney |first=Richard |title=The Thirty Years' War 1618–1648 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |year=2002}} * {{Cite book |last=Briggs |first=Robin |title=Witches & Neighbors: The Social And Cultural Context of European Witchcraft |publisher=Viking |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-670-83589-8}} * {{Cite book |last=Brzezinski |first=Richard |title=Lützen 1632: Climax of the Thirty Years War: The Clash of Empires |date=2001 |publisher=Osprey |isbn=978-1-85532-552-4}} * {{Cite book |last=Chandler |first=David |title=The Art of Warfare in the Age of Marlborough |publisher=Spellmount Publishers Ltd|year=1990 |isbn=978-0946771424}} * {{Cite book |last=Clodfelter |first=Micheal |title=Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015 |publisher=McFarland |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-7864-7470-7 |edition=2017}} * {{Cite journal |last=Costa |first=Fernando Dores |date=2005 |title=Interpreting the Portuguese War of Restoration (1641–1668) in a European Context |journal=Journal of Portuguese History |volume=3 |issue=1}} * {{Cite book |last=Cramer |first=Kevin |title=The Thirty Years' War & German Memory in the Nineteenth Century |publisher=University of Nebraska |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-8032-1562-7}} * {{Cite book |last=Croxton |first=Derek |title=The Last Christian Peace: The Congress of Westphalia as A Baroque Event |date=2013 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-1-137-33332-2}} * {{Cite journal |last=Croxton |first=Derek |title=A Territorial Imperative? The Military Revolution, Strategy and Peacemaking in the Thirty Years War|date=1998 |journal=War in History|volume=5|issue=3|pages=253–279 |doi=10.1177/096834459800500301 |jstor=26007296|s2cid=159915965 }} * {{Cite book |last=Davenport |first=Frances Gardiner |title=European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies |date=1917 |publisher=Literary Licensing |isbn=978-1-4981-4446-9 |edition=2014}} * {{Cite book |last1=Duffy |first1=Christopher |title=Siege Warfare: The Fortress in the Early Modern World 1494–1660 |date=1995 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0415146494}} * {{Cite journal |last=Ferretti |first=Giuliano |date=2014 |title=La politique italienne de la France et le duché de Savoie au temps de Richelieu; Franco-Savoyard Italian policy in the time of Richelieu |journal=Dix-septième Siècle |language=Fr |volume=1 |issue=262 |page=7 |doi=10.3917/dss.141.0007}} * {{Cite news |last1=Friehs |first1=Julia Teresa |title=Art and the Thirty Years' War |url=https://www.habsburger.net/en/chapter/art-and-thirty-years-war?language=de |newspaper=Die Welt der Habsburger |access-date=8 August 2021 |archive-date=8 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808182249/https://www.habsburger.net/en/chapter/art-and-thirty-years-war?language=de |url-status=live }} * {{Cite journal |last=Frost|first=Robert I|date=1994 |title=Book Review ''Salm, Hubert Armeefinanzierung im Dreißigjährigen Krieg. Der Niederrheinisch-Westfälische Reichskreis 1635–1650 (Münster, 1990) and Ernst, Hildegard, Madrid und Wien 1632–1637. Politik und Finanzen in den Beziehungen zwischen Philipp IV. und Ferdinand II. (Münster, 1991)''|journal=War in History |volume=1|pages=102–105|doi=10.1177/096834459400100109 }} * {{Cite book|last1=Hays|first1=J. N.|title=Epidemics and pandemics; their impacts on human history|date=2005|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1851096589}} * {{Cite book |last=Gnanaprakasar |first=Nalloor Swamy |title=Critical History of Jaffna – The Tamil Era |date=2003 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-1686-8}} * {{Cite journal |last=Gutmann |first=Myron P. |year=1988 |title=The Origins of the Thirty Years' War |journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary History |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=749–770 |doi=10.2307/204823 |jstor=204823}} * {{Cite book |last=Hanlon |first=Gregory |title=The Twilight Of A Military Tradition: Italian Aristocrats And European Conflicts, 1560–1800 |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-138-15827-6}} * {{Cite journal |last=Hayden |first=J. Michael |date=1973 |title=Continuity in the France of Henry IV and Louis XIII: French Foreign Policy, 1598–1615 |journal=The Journal of Modern History |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=1–23 |doi=10.1086/240888 |jstor=1877591 |s2cid=144914347}} * {{Cite book|last=Helfferich|first=Tryntje|title=The Thirty Years War: A Documentary History|publisher=Hackett Publishing Co, Inc|year=2009|isbn=978-0872209398}} * {{Cite book |last1=Heitz |first1=Gerhard |title=Geschichte in Daten. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern; History in data; Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania |last2=Rischer |first2=Henning |publisher=Koehler&Amelang |year=1995 |isbn=3-7338-0195-4 |language=de}} * {{Cite book |last=Israel |first=Jonathan |title=Spain in the Low Countries, (1635–1643) in Spain, Europe and the Atlantic: Essays in Honour of John H. Elliott |date=1995a |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-47045-2}} * {{Cite book |last=Israel |first=Jonathan |author-link=Jonathan Israel |date=1995b |title=The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall 1477–1806 |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |isbn=0-19-873072-1}} * {{Cite book |last=Jensen |first=Gary F. |title=The Path of the Devil: Early Modern Witch Hunts |date=2007 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-7425-4697-4}} * {{Cite book|last1=Kamen|first1=Henry |title=Spain's Road to Empire|date=2003|publisher=Allen Lane|isbn=978-0140285284}} * {{Cite book |last=Kohn |first=George |title=Encyclopedia of Plague and Pestilence: From Ancient Times to the Present |publisher=Facts on file |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-8160-2758-3}} * {{Cite book |last=Lee |first=Stephen |title=The Thirty Years War (Lancaster Pamphlets) |publisher=Routledge |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-415-26862-2}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Lesaffer |first1=Randall |title=The Westphalia Peace Treaties and the Development of the Tradition of Great European Peace Settlements prior to 1648 |journal=Grotiana |date=1997 |volume=18 |issue=1|pages=71–95 |doi=10.1163/187607597X00064}} * {{Cite book|last=Levy|first=Jack S|title=War in the Modern Great Power System: 1495 to 1975|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|year=1983}} * {{Cite book |last=Lockhart |first=Paul D |title=Denmark, 1513–1660: the rise and decline of a Renaissance monarchy |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-19-927121-4}} * {{Cite book |last=Maland |first=David |title=Europe at War, 1600–50 |date=1980 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-333-23446-4}} * {{Cite thesis |last=McMurdie |first=Justin |title=The Thirty Years' War: Examining the Origins and Effects of ''Corpus Christianum''<nowiki/>'s Defining Conflict |date=2014 |degree=MA |publisher=George Fox University |url=https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1016&context=seminary_masters&httpsredir=1&referer= |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407135116/https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1016&context=seminary_masters&httpsredir=1&referer= |url-status=live }} * {{Cite book |last1=Milton |first1=Patrick |title=Towards The Peace Congress of Münster and Osnabrück (1643–1648) and the Westphalian Order (1648–1806) in "A Westphalia for the Middle East" |last2=Axworthy |first2=Michael |last3=Simms |first3=Brendan |date=2018 |publisher=C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd |isbn=978-1-78738-023-3}} * {{Cite thesis |last=Mitchell |first=Andrew Joseph |title=Religion, revolt, and creation of regional identity in Catalonia, 1640–1643 |date=2005 |degree=PhD |publisher=Ohio State University |url=http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1123962229 |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=17 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417110404/https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_olink/r/1501/10?clear=10&p10_accession_num=osu1123962229 |url-status=live }} * {{Cite book |last=Murdoch |first=Steve |title=Britain, Denmark-Norway and the House of Stuart 1603–1660 |date=2000 |publisher=Tuckwell |isbn=978-1-86232-182-3}} * {{Cite journal |year=2012 |pages=71–109|title=The Battle of Wittstock 1636: Conflicting Reports on a Swedish Victory in Germany |url=https://www.academia.edu/2441539 |journal=Northern Studies |volume=43 |author1-last=Murdoch |author1-first=Steve |author2-last=Zickermann |author2-first=Kathrin |author3-last=Marks |author3-first=Adam|access-date=28 December 2014 |archive-date=8 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708212425/https://www.academia.edu/2441539 |url-status=live}} * {{Cite book |last1=Murdoch |first1=Steve |title=Alexander Leslie and the Scottish generals of the Thirty Years' War, 1618–1648 |last2=Grosjean |first2=Alexia |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 |isbn=978-1848934672}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Nicklisch |first1=Nicole |last2=Ramsthaler |first2=Frank |last3=Meller |first3=Harald |last4=Others |date=2017 |title=The face of war: Trauma analysis of a mass grave from the Battle of Lützen (1632) |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=e0178252 |bibcode=2017PLoSO..1278252N |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0178252 |pmc=5439951 |pmid=28542491 |doi-access=free}} * {{Cite book |last=Norrhem |first=Svante |title=Mercenary Swedes; French subsidies to Sweden 1631–1796 |date=2019 |publisher=Nordic Academic Press |isbn=978-91-88661-82-1 |translator-last=Merton |translator-first=Charlotte}} * {{Cite book |last=O'Connell |first=Daniel Patrick |title=Richelieu |date=1968 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson}} * {{Cite book |last=O'Connell |first=Robert L |title=Of Arms and Men: A History of War, Weapons, and Aggression|date=1990 |publisher=OUP|isbn=978-0195053593}} * {{Cite journal |last=Outram |first=Quentin |year=2001 |title=The Socio-Economic Relations of Warfare and the Military Mortality Crises of the Thirty Years' War |url=http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/385/1/outramq1.pdf |journal=Medical History |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=151–184 |doi=10.1017/S0025727300067703 |pmc=1044352 |pmid=11373858 |access-date=7 October 2020 |archive-date=25 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625143210/https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/385/1/outramq1.pdf |url-status=live }} * {{Cite journal |last=Outram |first=Quentin |year=2002 |title=The Demographic impact of early modern warfare |journal=Social Science History |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=245–272 |doi=10.1215/01455532-26-2-245|doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 }} * {{Cite journal |last=Parker |first=Geoffrey |year=2008 |title=Crisis and Catastrophe: The global crisis of the seventeenth century reconsidered |journal=American Historical Review |volume=113 |issue=4 |pages=1053–1079 |doi=10.1086/ahr.113.4.1053|doi-access=free }} * {{Cite journal |last=Parker |first=Geoffrey |year=1976 |title=The 'Military Revolution', 1560–1660 – a Myth?|journal=The Journal of Modern History|volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=195–214 |doi=10.1086/241429 |jstor=1879826|s2cid=143661971 }} * {{Cite book |last=Parker |first=Geoffrey |title=The Thirty Years' War |publisher=Routledge |orig-year=1984 |isbn=978-0-415-12883-4 |year=1997 |author-link=Geoffrey Parker (historian)}} (with several contributors) * {{Cite book |last=Parker |first=Geoffrey |title=Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road, 1567–1659: The Logistics of Spanish Victory and Defeat in the Low Countries' Wars |orig-year=1972 |publisher=CUP |isbn=978-0-521-54392-7 |year=2004}} * {{Cite book |last=Parrott |first=David |title=Richelieu's Army: War, Government and Society in France, 1624–1642 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-521-79209-7}} * {{Cite journal |last=Pazos |first=Conde Miguel |date=2011 |title=El tradado de Nápoles. El encierro del príncipe Juan Casimiro y la leva de Polacos de Medina de las Torres (1638–1642): The Treaty of Naples; the imprisonment of John Casimir and the Polish Levy of Medina de las Torres |journal=Studia Histórica, Historia Moderna |volume=33 |language=ES}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Pfister |first1=Ulrich |last2=Riedel |first2=Jana |last3=Uebele |first3=Martin |date=2012 |title=Real Wages and the Origins of Modern Economic Growth in Germany, 16th to 19th Centuries |url=http://www.ehes.org/EHES_No17.pdf |journal=European Historical Economics Society |volume=17 |access-date=6 October 2020 |archive-date=11 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511081135/http://www.ehes.org/EHES_No17.pdf |url-status=dead }} * {{Cite book |last=Porshnev |first=Boris Fedorovich |title=Muscovy and Sweden in the Thirty Years' War, 1630–1635 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-521-45139-0 |editor-last=Dukes |editor-first=Paul}} * {{Cite book |last=Pursell |first=Brennan C. |title=The Winter King: Frederick V of the Palatinate and the Coming of the Thirty Years' War |publisher=Ashgate |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-7546-3401-0}} * {{Cite journal |last=Ryan |first=E.A. |date=1948 |title=Catholics and the Peace of Westphalia |url=http://cdn.theologicalstudies.net/9/9.4/9.4.7.pdf |journal=Theological Studies |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=590–599 |doi=10.1177/004056394800900407 |access-date=7 October 2020 |s2cid=170555324 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074628/http://cdn.theologicalstudies.net/9/9.4/9.4.7.pdf |url-status=dead }} * {{Cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=Burghart |last2=Richefort |first2=Isabelle |year=2006 |title=Les relations entre la France et les villes hanséatiques de Hambourg, Brême et Lübeck : Moyen Age-XIXe siècle; Relations between France and the Hanseatic ports of Hamburg, Bremen and Lubeck from the Middle Ages to the 19th century |journal=Direction des Archives, Ministère des affaires étrangères |language=FR}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Schulze |first1=Max-Stefan |last2=Volckart |first2=Oliver |date=2019 |title=The Long-term Impact of the Thirty Years War: What Grain Price Data Reveal |url=https://eh.net/eha/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/SchulzeVolckart.pdf |journal=Economic History |access-date=6 October 2020 |archive-date=28 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728195514/https://eh.net/eha/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/SchulzeVolckart.pdf |url-status=live }} * {{Cite journal |last1=Sharman |first1=J.C|date=2018 |title=Myths of military revolution: European expansion and Eurocentrism|journal=European Journal of International Relations|volume=24|issue=3|pages=491–513|doi=10.1177/1354066117719992|s2cid=148771791|doi-access=free|hdl=10072/385454|hdl-access=free}} * {{Cite book |last=Spielvogel |first=Jackson |title=Western Civilisation |publisher=Wadsworth Publishing |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-305-95231-7}} * {{Cite book |last=Storrs |first=Christopher |title=The Resilience of the Spanish Monarchy 1665–1700 |date=2006 |publisher=OUP |isbn=978-0-19-924637-3}} * {{Cite thesis |last=Stutler |first=James Oliver |title=Lords of War: Maximilian I of Bavaria and the Institutions of Lordship in the Catholic League Army, 1619–1626 |date=2014 |degree=PhD |publisher=Duke University |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/37749928.pdf |hdl=10161/8754 |access-date=21 September 2020 |archive-date=28 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728195625/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/37749928.pdf |url-status=dead }} * {{Cite journal |last=Sutherland |first=NM |date=1992 |title=The Origins of the Thirty Years War and the Structure of European Politics |journal=The English Historical Review |volume=CVII |issue=CCCCXXIV |pages=587–625 |doi=10.1093/ehr/cvii.ccccxxiv.587 |doi-access=free}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Talbott |first1=Siobhan |title='Causing misery and suffering miserably': Representations of the Thirty Years' War in Literature and History |journal=Sage |date=2021 |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=3–25 |doi=10.1177/03061973211007353|s2cid=234347328 |doi-access=free }} * {{Cite book |last=Thion |first=Stephane |title=French Armies of the Thirty Years' War 1618-1648 |publisher=Helion Books |year=2008 |edition=2014|isbn=978-1804514481}} * {{Cite journal |last=Thornton |first=John |date=2016 |title=The Kingdom of Kongo and the Thirty Years' War |journal=Journal of World History |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=189–213 |doi=10.1353/jwh.2016.0100 |jstor=43901848|s2cid=163706878 }} * {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7RrXDwAAQBAJ | title=A History of West Central Africa to 1850 | isbn=978-1-108-88292-7 | last1=Thornton | first1=John K. | date=26 March 2020 | publisher=Cambridge University Press }} * {{Cite book |last=Trevor-Roper |first=Hugh |title=The Crisis of the Seventeenth Century: Religion, the Reformation and Social Change |publisher=Liberty Fund |orig-year=1967 |isbn=978-0-86597-278-0 |year=2001}} * {{Cite book |last=Van Gelderen |first=Martin |title=Republicanism and Constitutionalism in Early Modern Europe: A Shared European Heritage Volume I |date=2002 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-80203-1}} * {{Cite journal |last=Van Groesen |first=Michiel |date=2011 |title=Lessons Learned: The Second Dutch Conquest of Brazil and the Memory of the First |journal=Colonial Latin American Review |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=167–193 |doi=10.1080/10609164.2011.585770 |s2cid=218574377}} * {{Cite book |last=Van Nimwegen |first=Olaf |title=The Dutch Army and the Military Revolutions, 1588–1688 |date=2010 |publisher=Boydell Press |isbn=978-1-84383-575-2}} * {{Cite book |last=Wedgwood |first=C.V. |title=The Thirty Years War |date=1938 |publisher=New York Review of Books |isbn=978-1-59017-146-2 |edition=2005}} * {{Cite book |last=White |first=Matthew |title=The Great Big Book of Horrible Things |publisher=W.W. Norton & Co |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-393-08192-3}} * {{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Peter H. |title=Europe's Tragedy: A History of the Thirty Years War |publisher=Allen Lane |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-7139-9592-3}} * {{Cite book|last=Wilson |first=Peter H. | title=Lützen: Great Battles Series |publisher=Oxford University Press| location=Oxford |year=2018 |isbn=978-0199642540 }} * {{Cite journal |last=Wilson |first=Peter |date=2008 |title=The Causes of the Thirty Years War 1618–48 |journal=The English Historical Review |volume=123 |issue=502 |pages=554–586 |doi=10.1093/ehr/cen160 |jstor=20108541}} * {{Cite journal |last=Zaller |first=Robert |date=1974 |title='Interest of State': James I and the Palatinate |journal=Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=144–175 |doi=10.2307/4048141 |jstor=4048141}} {{refend}}
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