Editing The Scarlet Pimpernel (section)

==Pimpernel used to name real rescuers==
===The Tartan Pimpernel (Donald Caskie)===
Inspired by the title ''Scarlet Pimpernel'', the [[Tartan Pimpernel]] was a nickname given to the Reverend [[Donald Caskie]] (1902–1983), formerly minister of the [[The Scots Kirk, Paris|Paris congregation]] of the [[Church of Scotland]], for aiding over 2,000 Allied service personnel to escape from [[occupied France]] during [[World War II]].

===The American Pimpernel (Varian Fry)===
[[Varian Fry]] was a 32-year-old [[Harvard]]-educated classicist and editor from New York City who helped save thousands of endangered refugees who were caught in [[Vichy France]], helping them to escape from Nazi terror during World War II. His story is told in ''American Pimpernel: The Man Who Saved the Artists on Hitler's Death List''.

===The Scarlet Pimpernel of the Vatican (Hugh O'Flaherty)===
Monsignor [[Hugh O'Flaherty]] was an Irish priest who saved thousands of people, British and American servicemen and Jews, during [[World War II]] while in the [[Vatican City|Vatican]] in Rome. His story is told in two books and a film:

* J. P. Gallagher (1968), ''Scarlet Pimpernel of the Vatican'', New York: Coward-McCann
* Brian Fleming (2008), ''The Vatican Pimpernel: The Wartime Exploits of Monsignor Hugh O’Flaherty'', Collins Press
* ''[[The Scarlet and the Black]]'', a 1983 made-for-television movie starring [[Gregory Peck]] and [[Christopher Plummer]]

===The Black Pimpernel===
====Harald Edelstam====
[[Harald Edelstam]] (1913–1989) was a [[Sweden|Swedish]] diplomat. During World War II, he earned the nickname ''Svarta nejlikan'' ("the Black Pimpernel") for helping [[Norwegian resistance movement|Norwegian resistance fighters]] in {{Interlanguage link|Hjemmefronten|nl}} escape from the Germans.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.commonwealthclub.org/archive/20thcentury/81-11baez-speech.html |title=Human Rights in the 80s: Seeing through both eyes |author-link=Joan Baez |author=Baez, Joan |publisher=Commonwealth Club of California |date=6 November 1981 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926212411/http://www.commonwealthclub.org/archive/20thcentury/81-11baez-speech.html |archive-date=26 September 2007 }}</ref> Stationed in Chile in the 1970s, he arranged for the escape of numerous refugees from the [[military junta]] of [[Augusto Pinochet]]; this brought him into conflict with the regime, and he eventually was forced to leave the country.

====Nelson Mandela====
This name was also given to [[Nelson Mandela]] prior to his arrest and long incarceration for his anti-[[apartheid]] activities in South Africa due to his effective use of disguises when evading capture by the police.<ref>{{cite magazine |magazine=Time Magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,870031,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017194553/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,870031,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 October 2007 |title=The Black Pimpernel |date=17 August 1962 |url-access=subscription |access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/06/world/africa/nelson-mandela_obit.html?hp&pagewanted=all&_r=0 |title=Nelson Mandela, South Africa's Liberator as Prisoner and President, Dies at 95 |date=6 December 2013 |access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting]] |url=http://www.fair.org/blog/2013/12/06/nyt-takes-mandelas-death-as-a-chance-to-mock-his-fight-to-free-his-country/ |title=NYT Takes Mandela's Death as a Chance to Mock His Fight to Free His Country |last=Naureckas |first=Jim |author-link=Jim Naureckas |date=6 December 2013 |access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref>

====Walter Sisulu====
"Behind the scenes, Mandela worked very closely with [[Walter Sisulu]], who was now being pursued by the police.  [[Z.K. Matthews]] told the Cape [[ANC]] in June that Sisulu was operating behind the '[[Iron Curtain]]' of the [[Transkei]] as a Scarlet Pimpernel (before [[Nelson Mandela|Mandela]] inherited the title): 'They sought him here, they sought him there, they sought him everywhere.{{'"}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sampson|first1=Anthony|title=Mandela: The Authorized Biography|date=1999–2000|publisher=HarperPress|location=London|isbn=978-0-00-743797-9|page=91}}</ref> Quote cites: ''Karis & Carter'', Vol.3, op. cit., p.128

===Raoul Wallenberg===
[[Raoul Wallenberg]], a Swedish diplomat, was directly inspired by ''[["Pimpernel" Smith]]'', a 1941 British anti-Nazi propaganda thriller, to begin rescuing [[History of the Jews in Hungary|Hungarian Jews]] during World War II.<ref name=YV>{{cite web |url=http://www1.yadvashem.org/search/index_search.html |title=Yad Vashem database |quote= who saved the lives of tens of thousands of Jews in Budapest during World War II ... and put some 15,000 Jews into 32 safe houses. |access-date=12 February 2007 |publisher = [[Yad Vashem]]|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070207032351/http://www1.yadvashem.org/search/index_search.html |archive-date = 7 February 2007}}</ref> The film had been banned in Sweden, but Wallenberg and his sister Nina were invited to a private screening at the [[Embassy of the United Kingdom, Stockholm|British Embassy in Stockholm]]. Enthralled by Professor Smith (played by [[Leslie Howard]]), who saved thousands of Jews from the Nazis, Nina stated, "We thought the film was amazing. When we got up from our seats, Raoul said, 'that is the kind of thing I would like to do{{'"}}.<ref>Furlong, Ray. [http://www.raoulwallenberg.net/press/wallenberg-family-mark-centenary-with-plea-for-truth/ "Wallenberg family mark centenary with plea for truth."] BBC, 8 August 2012. Retrieved: 31 January 2021.</ref> Wallenberg issued false passports identifying the Jews as Swedish nationals, and is credited with rescuing at least 15,000 Jews. He disappeared in Eastern Europe after the war, and is believed to have died in a Soviet prison camp.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Linnéa, Sharon |title=Raoul Wallenberg: The Man Who Stopped Death |publisher=Jewish Publication Society of America |date=1 May 1994 |isbn=978-0827604483}}</ref>