Editing The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (section)

===Film===
Several unsuccessful attempts were made to produce sequels and remakes in the decades following ''Caligari''{{'s}} release. Robert Wiene bought the rights to ''Caligari'' from [[Universum Film AG]] in 1934 with the intention of filming a sound remake, which never materialised before Wiene's death in 1938. He intended to cast [[Jean Cocteau]] as Cesare, and a script, believed to be written by Wiene, indicated the Expressionist style would have been replaced with a French [[Surrealism|surrealist]] style.<ref>{{Harvnb|Robinson|1997|pp=57–58}}</ref> In 1944, Erich Pommer and Hans Janowitz each separately attempted to obtain the legal rights to the film, with hopes of a Hollywood remake.<ref name="Budd32" /><ref name="Robinson58">{{Harvnb|Robinson|1997|p=58}}</ref> Pommer attempted to argue he had a better claim to the rights because the primary value of the original film came not from the writing, but "in the revolutionary way the picture was produced".<ref>{{Harvnb|Budd|1990b|p=35}}</ref> However, both Janowitz and Pommer ran into complications related to the invalidity of Nazi law in the United States, and uncertainty over the legal rights of sound and silent films.<ref name="Budd32" /><ref name="Robinson58"/> Janowitz wrote a treatment for a remake, and in January 1945 was offered a minimum guarantee of $16,000 against a five-percent royalty for his rights to the original film for a sequel to be directed by [[Fritz Lang]], but the project never came to fruition.<ref name="Robinson58" /><ref name="Budd33">{{Harvnb|Budd|1990b|p=33}}</ref> Later, Janowitz planned a sequel called ''Caligari II'', and unsuccessfully attempted to sell the property to a Hollywood producer for $30,000.<ref name="Budd33" />

Around 1947, Hollywood agent [[Paul Kohner]] and Hungarian filmmaker {{Interlanguage link|Ernst Matray|de}} also planned a ''Caligari'' sequel; Matray and his wife [[Maria Solveg]] wrote a screenplay called ''The Return of Caligari''.<ref name="Budd33" /> That script would have reimagined Caligari as a former Nazi officer and war criminal, but the film was never produced.<ref name="Robinson58" /><ref name="Budd33" /> In 1960, independent Hollywood producer [[Robert Lippert]] acquired the rights to ''Caligari'' from Matray and Universum Film AG for $50,000, and produced a film called ''[[The Cabinet of Caligari]]'', which was released in 1962.<ref name="Budd33" /> Screenwriter [[Robert Bloch]] did not intend to write a ''Caligari'' remake, and in fact the title was forced upon his untitled screenplay by director Roger Kay.<ref name="Newman461">{{Harvnb|Newman|2011|p=461}}</ref> The film had few similarities to the original ''Caligari'' except for its title and a plot twist at the end,<ref name="Robinson58" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9B06EEDC103EE43BBC4E51DFB3668389679EDE |title=The Cabinet of Caligari (1962) |last=Crowther |first=Bosley |author-link=Bosley Crowther |work=The New York Times |date=26 May 1962 |access-date=30 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531123940/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9B06EEDC103EE43BBC4E51DFB3668389679EDE |archive-date=31 May 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> in which it is revealed the story was simply the delusion of the protagonist, who believed she was being held captive by a character named Caligari. Instead, he was her psychiatrist, and he cures her at the end of the film.<ref name="Robinson58" />

The 1983 film ''[[Caligari's Cure]]'', directed by avant-garde filmmaker [[Tom Palazzolo]], was an experimental updating of ''The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari'' that featured extensive clips from it. While ''Caligari's Cure'' remains obscure, it was generally well-received.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/caligaris-cure-vm13511|title=Caligari's Cure (1982) - Tom Palazzolo|accessdate=April 19, 2024|website=[[AllMovie]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chicagofilmarchives.org/news/2023/10/cfa-receives-avant-garde-masters-grant-to-preserve-tom-palazzolos-caligaris-cure/|title=CFA Receives Avant-Garde Masters Grant to Preserve Tom Palazzolo's Caligari's Cure - Chicago Film Archives|date=October 13, 2023|accessdate=April 19, 2024|website=[[Chicago Film Archives]]}}</ref>

A quasi-sequel, called ''[[Dr. Caligari (film)|Dr. Caligari]]'', was released in 1989,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/02/movies/their-bedside-manners-need-work.html?_r=0 |title=Their Bedside Manners Need Work |last=Piepenburg |first=Erik |work=The New York Times |date=30 May 2013 |access-date=19 February 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140812200839/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/02/movies/their-bedside-manners-need-work.html?_r=1& |archive-date=12 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> directed by [[Stephen Sayadian]] and starring Madeleine Reynal as the granddaughter of the original Caligari, now running an asylum and performing bizarre hormonal experiments on its patients. The sex-driven story ultimately had little in common with the original film.<ref name="Newman461" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Vanderknyff |first=Rick |title=Marketing 'Dr. Caligari' Is Out of Cabinet and on Its Way |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=18 March 1990 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-03-18-ca-1145-story.html |access-date=19 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219081747/http://articles.latimes.com/1990-03-18/entertainment/ca-1145_1_cult-film |archive-date=19 February 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1992, theatre director [[Peter Sellars]] released his only feature film, ''[[The Cabinet of Dr. Ramirez]]'', an experimental film loosely based on ''Caligari''. However, the storyline was created as the film was being made, so it has few similarities with the original film.<ref name="Sundance">{{cite news |title=The Cabinet of Dr. Ramirez |publisher=[[Sundance Institute]] |year=1992 |url=http://history.sundance.org/films/467/the_cabinet_of_dr_ramirez |access-date=10 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008084442/http://history.sundance.org/films/467/the_cabinet_of_dr_ramirez |archive-date=8 October 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Catalano |first=Peter |title=Sellars' First Reel : The Director Shoots a Silent Movie With Baryshnikov and Cusack. But Even Sellars Doesn't Know How It Will End. |work=Los Angeles Times |date=13 December 1990 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-12-13-ca-8683-story.html |access-date=10 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219081433/http://articles.latimes.com/1990-12-13/entertainment/ca-8683_1_sellars-baryshnikov-director |archive-date=19 February 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> The film was screened only at the 1992 [[Sundance Film Festival]] and never theatrically released.<ref name="Sundance" /> An [[The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (2005 film)|independent film remake]] of ''Caligari'' edited, written and directed by David Lee Fisher was released in 2005, in which new actors were placed in front of the actual backdrops from the original film. The actors performed in front of a [[Chroma key|green screen]], then their performances were superimposed in front of [[Matte (filmmaking)|matte]] shots based on the original sets. [[Doug Jones (actor)|Doug Jones]] played the role of Cesare.<ref>{{cite news |last=Genzlinger |first=Neil |title=The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (2006) |work=The New York Times |date=25 October 2006 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/25/movies/25cali.html |access-date=10 March 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150219052328/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/25/movies/25cali.html?_r=0 |archive-date=19 February 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Leydon |first=Joe |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=24 October 2006 |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/the-cabinet-of-dr-caligari-2-1200512408/ |title=Review: 'The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari' |access-date=10 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219081520/http://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/the-cabinet-of-dr-caligari-2-1200512408/ |archive-date=19 February 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Collura |first=Scott |title=Exclusive: Caligari awakens again |website=[[IGN]] |date=25 October 2006 |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/10/25/exclusive-caligari-awakens-again |access-date=10 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219093022/http://www.ign.com/articles/2006/10/25/exclusive-caligari-awakens-again |archive-date=19 February 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>