Editing Tajikistan (section)

=== Religion ===
{{Main|Religion in Tajikistan}}
{{See also|Freedom of religion in Tajikistan|Islam in Tajikistan}}
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Tajikistan, 2020<ref name="thearda_com" />
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Tajikistan|Islam]]|green|97.5}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Tajikistan|Christianity]]|blue|0.7}}
{{bar percent|[[Irreligion|Unaffiliated]]|grey|1.7}}
{{bar percent|[[Religion in Tajikistan#Other religions|others]]|purple|0.2}}
}}
[[File:Abdullokhon Mosque Isfara.jpg|thumb|upright|A [[mosque]] in [[Isfara]]]]
Tajikistan is a [[secular state]] with a constitution providing for freedom of religion, but nevertheless it heavily regulates the practices of its Muslim majority.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2015/04/tajikistan-no-hajj-no-hijab-and-shave-your-beard/|title=Tajikistan: No Hajj, No Hijab, and Shave Your Beard|first=Catherine|last=Putz|website=thediplomat.com|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-date=21 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021054613/https://thediplomat.com/2015/04/tajikistan-no-hajj-no-hijab-and-shave-your-beard/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sunni Islam of the [[Hanafi]] school has been officially recognised by the government since 2009.<ref>{{cite web|author=Avaz Yuldashev|url=http://asiaplus.tj/news/16/47964.html|script-title=ru:«Ханафия» объявлена официальным религиозным течением Таджикистана|trans-title="Hanafi" declared the official religious movement in Tajikistan|language=ru|date=5 March 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100825055806/http://asiaplus.tj/news/16/47964.html|archive-date=25 August 2010}}</ref> The government has declared two Islamic holidays, [[Eid ul-Fitr]] and [[Eid al-Adha]], as state holidays. According to a [[US State Department]] release and Pew research group, the population of Tajikistan is 98% [[Muslim]]. Approximately 87–95% of them are [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] and roughly 3% are [[Shia]] and roughly 7% are [[non-denominational Muslims]].<ref>[http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/#identity Pew Forum on Religious & Public life, Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226113158/http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/ |date=26 December 2016 }} retrieved 29 October 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5775.htm |title=Background Note: Tajikistan |publisher=State.gov |access-date=2 October 2009 |archive-date=13 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513180616/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5775.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The Shia part of the population predominantly live in the [[Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region]] and are followers of the [[Isma'ilism|Ismailite]] branch of Shia Islam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Keeping religion alive: performing Pamiri identity in Central Asia {{!}} IIAS |url=https://www.iias.asia/the-newsletter/article/keeping-religion-alive-performing-pamiri-identity-central-asia |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=www.iias.asia |archive-date=11 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811135252/https://www.iias.asia/the-newsletter/article/keeping-religion-alive-performing-pamiri-identity-central-asia |url-status=live }}</ref> The remaining 2% of the population are followers of [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodoxy]], [[Protestantism]], [[Zoroastrianism]] and [[Buddhism]]. Muslims fast during Ramadan, while about one third in the countryside and 10% in the cities observe daily prayer and dietary restrictions.<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Department of State Annual Report on International Religious Freedom for 1999: Tajikistan |url=https://1997-2001.state.gov/global/human_rights/irf/irf_rpt/1999/irf_tajikist99.html |website=U.S. Department of State Archive |publisher=U.S. Department of State |access-date=29 November 2021 |archive-date=29 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129065456/https://1997-2001.state.gov/global/human_rights/irf/irf_rpt/1999/irf_tajikist99.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Bukharan Jews]] had lived in Tajikistan since the second century BC. In the 1940s, the Jewish community of Tajikistan numbered nearly 30,000 people. Most were Persian-speaking Bukharan Jews who had lived in the region for millennia along with Ashkenazi Jews from Eastern Europe who resettled there in the Soviet era. As of 2011, the Jewish population was estimated at less than 500, with roughly half living in [[Dushanbe]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-news-and-politics/54896/home-stand|title=Home Stand|work=Tablet Magazine|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211090933/http://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-news-and-politics/54896/home-stand|archive-date=11 December 2015|date=4 January 2011}}</ref>

There is a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere. The [[Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan|Islamic Renaissance Party]] (IRP), a combatant in the [[Tajikistan Civil War|1992–1997 Civil War]] and then-proponent of the creation of an [[State religion#Islamic states|Islamic state]] in Tajikistan, constitutes no more than 30% of the government by statute.  Membership in [[Hizb ut-Tahrir]], a militant Islamic party which aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state, is illegal and members are subject to arrest and imprisonment.<ref>{{cite news | title =Hizb ut Tahrir | newspaper =BBC News | publisher =BBC | date =27 August 2003 | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/newsnight/3182271.stm | access-date =12 September 2013 | url-status =live | archive-url =http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20130913234029/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/newsnight/3182271.stm | archive-date =13 September 2013 | df =dmy-all }}</ref>

By law, religious communities must register by the State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities. Registration with SCRA requires a charter, a list of 10 or more members, and evidence of local government approval prayer site location. Religious groups that do not have a physical structure are not allowed to gather publicly for prayer. Failure to register can result in fines and closure of a place of worship. There are reports that registration on the local level is sometimes difficult to obtain.<ref>[http://www.forum18.org/Archive.php?article_id=190 TAJIKISTAN: Religious freedom survey, November 2003] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613013715/http://forum18.org/Archive.php?article_id=190 |date=13 June 2010 }} -[[Forum 18]] News Service, 20 November 2003</ref> People under the age of 18 are barred from public religious practice.<ref>{{Cite web|title=U. S. Department of State International Religious Freedom Report for 2013, Executive Summary.|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm#wrapper|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207121457/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm#wrapper|archive-date=7 February 2017|access-date=2 August 2014}}</ref>

As of January 2016, as part of an "anti-radicalisation campaign", police in the Khatlon region reportedly shaved the beards of 13,000 men and shut down 160 shops selling the [[hijab]]. Shaving beards and discouraging women from wearing hijabs is part of a government campaign targeting trends that are deemed "alien and inconsistent with Tajik culture", and "to preserve secular traditions".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35372754 |title=Tajikistan's battle against beards |access-date=27 January 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124221542/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35372754 |archive-date=24 January 2016 |work=BBC News |date=21 January 2016 |last1=Sarkorova |first1=Anora }}</ref>

Approximately 1.6% of the population in Tajikistan is [[Christianity|Christian]], mostly [[Russian Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christians]].<ref name="pewforum.org">[http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2010/percent/all/ Religious Composition by Country, 2010–2050 | Pew Research Center] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802041823/http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2010/percent/all/ |date=2 August 2017 }}. Pewforum.org (2 April 2015). Retrieved on 20 January 2017.</ref><ref name="globalreligiousfutures.org">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tajikistan#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2013 Tajikistan – Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209010624/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tajikistan |date=9 February 2017 }}. Globalreligiousfutures.org. Retrieved on 20 January 2017.</ref> The territory of Tajikistan is part of the [[:ru:Душанбинская епархия|Dushanbe and Tajikistan Diocese]] of the [[:ru:Среднеазиатский митрополичий округ|Central Asian Metropolitan District]] of the [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox Moscow Patriarchate]]. The country is home to communities of [[Catholic Church|Catholics]], [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Armenian Christians]], [[Protestantism|Protestants]], [[Lutheranism|Lutherans]], [[Jehovah's Witnesses]], [[Baptists]], [[Mormons]], and [[Adventists]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Tajikistan – Religion |url=http://countrystudies.us/tajikistan/25.htm |website=Country Studies |access-date=5 February 2021 |archive-date=15 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515173642/http://countrystudies.us/tajikistan/25.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>