Editing Tables game (section)

=== Nard period ([[Middle Ages]]) ===
==== Middle East ====
[[File:Buzurgmihr-nard.jpg|thumb|[[Burzoe]] demonstrates the game of [[nard (game)|nard]] to the Indian [[Raja]]s]]
In the 11th century [[Shahnameh]], the [[Persia]]n poet [[Ferdowsi]] credits [[Borzuya]] with the invention of the game of [[nard (game)|Nard]] in the 6th century. He describes an encounter between Borzuya and a [[Raja]] visiting from [[India]]. The Raja introduces the game of [[chess]], and Borzuya demonstrates Nard, played with dice made from [[ivory]] and [[teak]].<ref name="wilkinson">Wilkinson, Charles K. "Chessmen and Chess", ''The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin''. New Series 1:9, May 1943. pp. 271–279</ref>

Meanwhile, Persian tradition places the invention of nard in the 3rd or even 6th century AD. The name of the game nard is an abbreviated version of the original Persian name ''nardšir''. The Middle-Persian text, ''Kār-nāmag ī Ardaxšēr ī Pāpakān'', associates the invention of nard with [[Ardashir I]] (r. 224–41), the founder of the [[Sasanian dynasty]], whereas in the Middle Persian narrative ''Wičārišn ī čatrang ud nihišn ī nēw-ardaxšēr'' (Explanation of Chess and the Invention of Nardshir) it is [[Bozorgmehr Bokhtagan]], the vizier of [[Khosrow I]] (r. 531–79), who is credited with the invention of the game.<ref name="Iranica board game"/>

==== East Asia ====
[[File:Backgammon set,around the 10th century, China.JPG|thumb|upright=1.10|Table game set from around the 10th century, China]]
Nard was popular in China for a time and was known as "shuanglu" ({{lang|zh|雙陸/双陆}}, {{lang|zh-Latn|shuānglù}}). Shuanglu came from western India to China during the [[Cao Wei|Wei dynasty]] and was a significant table game during the [[Liang dynasty|Liang]], [[Chen dynasty|Chen]], [[Sui dynasty|Sui]], [[Tang dynasty|Tang]], and [[Qi Dynasty (937-939)|Qi]] dynasties.<ref name="GuoEymanSun">{{Cite book |last=Guo |first=Li |title=Games & Play in Chinese & Sinophone Cultures |url= https://uw.manifoldapp.org/system/actioncallout/b/e/a/bea1a223-e494-401c-b2b6-8a1d910e1910/attachment/911d70bd22c9daec91df4300ad25e4b1.pdf |last2=Eyman |first2=Douglas |last3=Sun |first3=Hongmei |date=2024 |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |isbn=9780295752402 |editor-last=Guo |editor-first=Li |location=Seattle, WA |pages=7 |chapter=Introduction |editor-last2=Eyman |editor-first2=Douglas |editor-last3=Sun |editor-first3=Hongmei}}</ref> The book {{lang|zh-Latn|Pǔ Shuāng}} ({{lang|zh|譜雙}}) written during the [[Southern Song]] period (1127–1279) recording over ten variants. Over time it was replaced by other games such as ''[[xiangqi]]'' (Chinese chess).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.cctv.com/special/zgctty/20070605/107991.shtml|title=CCTV.com-[博弈篇]舶来棋戏——双陆|website=news.cctv.com}}</ref>

In Japan, ''[[sugoroku|ban-sugoroku]]'' is thought to have been brought from China in the 6th century, and is mentioned in [[Genji monogatari]]. As a gambling game, it was made illegal several times.<ref>[http://www.sugoroku.net/history_e/history6.html Origin of Sugoroku in Japan], sugoroku.net</ref> In the early [[Edo]] era, a new and fast gambling game called ''[[Chō-han]]'' appeared and ''sugoroku'' quickly dwindled. By the 13th century, the board game [[Go (game)|Go]], originally played only by the aristocracy, had become popular among the general public.<ref name=HistJapan3>{{cite web|url=http://www.nihonkiin.or.jp/lesson/knowledge-e/history03.htm|publisher=[[Nihon Kiin]]|title=History of Go in Japan: part 3|access-date=2007-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114231823/http://www.nihonkiin.or.jp/lesson/knowledge-e/history03.htm|archive-date=14 November 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In Korea, a similar game exists known as {{lang|ko-Latn|Ssang-ryuk}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=쌍륙 – 문화콘텐츠닷컴 |url=https://www.culturecontent.com/content/contentView.do?content_id=cp020500930001 |website=www.culturecontent.com |access-date=7 November 2021}}</ref>

==== Europe ====
[[Image:Codex Manesse 262v Herr Goeli.jpg|thumb|upright=0.85|left|The poet [[Herr Goeli]] playing, from the 14th century [[Codex Manesse]]]]
In [[English language|English]], the word "tables" is derived from [[Latin]] ''tabula''. Its first use referring to board games documented by the [[Oxford English Dictionary]] was circa AD 700.<ref name="oed1">"table, n.", ''[http://dictionary.oed.com The Oxford English Dictionary].'' Second Edition, 1989. (Subscription required)</ref>

The [[Gloucester tabula set]], Discovered on the site of [[Gloucester Castle]] in 1983, with its [[obelisk]] shaped points provides a potential transitional phase between the Roman square points, and the triangular points that were common in the 13th century.

The {{lang|fr|jeux de tables}} ('Games of Tables') first appeared in France during the 11th century and became a favorite pastime of gamblers. In 1254, [[Louis IX of France|Louis IX]] issued a decree prohibiting his court officials and subjects from playing.<ref name="murray"/><ref name="lillich"/> Tables games were played in Germany in the 12th century, and had reached [[Iceland]] by the 13th century. In [[Spain]], the [[Alfonso X]] manuscript {{lang|es|[[Libro de los juegos]]}}, completed in 1283, describes rules for a number of dice and table games in addition to its extensive discussion of chess.<ref name="wollesen">Wollesen, Jens T. "Sub specie ludi...: Text and Images in Alfonso El Sabio's Libro de Acedrex, Dados e Tablas", ''Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte'' 53:3, 1990. pp. 277–308.</ref> Tables games were played in Germany in the 12th century, and had reached [[Iceland]] by the 13th century.

In 1254, [[Louis IX of France|Louis IX]] issued a decree prohibiting his court officials and subjects from playing dice games.<ref name="lillich">Lillich, Meredith Parsons. "The Tric-Trac Window of Le Mans", ''The Art Bulletin'' 65:1, March 1983. pp. 23–33.</ref>

Mediaeval tables should not be confused with ''[[Tafl games|Tafl]]'', an unrelated class of board games (albeit linguistically related) played in medieval Scandinavia. [[Tâb]] and tablan<ref>[http://www.cyningstan.com/data-download/230/tablan-leaflet ''Tablan''] at cyningstan.com. Retrieved 7 July 2022.</ref> (as well as the related games [[sáhkku]] and [[daldøs]]) may, on the other hand, be descendants of tabula.

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