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===Ancient Egypt=== Prehistoric surgical techniques are seen in [[Ancient Egypt]], where a [[Human mandible|mandible]] dated to approximately 2650 BC shows two perforations just below the root of the first [[molar (tooth)|molar]], indicating the draining of an [[Tooth abscess|abscessed tooth]]. Surgical texts from ancient Egypt date back about 3500 years ago. Surgical operations were performed by priests, specialized in medical treatments similar to today,<ref name=cossurg>{{cite book| vauthors = Shiffman M |title=Cosmetic Surgery: Art and Techniques|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-642-21837-8|page=20|year=2012}}</ref> and used sutures to close wounds.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sullivan R | title = The identity and work of the ancient Egyptian surgeon | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine | volume = 89 | issue = 8 | pages = 467β473 | date = August 1996 | pmid = 8795503 | pmc = 1295891 | doi = 10.1177/014107689608900813 }}</ref> Infections were treated with honey.<ref>James P. Allen, ''The Art of Medicine in Ancient Egypt''. (New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2005) 72.</ref>
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