Editing Superpower (section)

====Classical antiquity====
===== Indian subcontinent =====
* [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha Empire]] (one of the 16 [[Mahajanapadas]], isolated civilizations before contact with the Persians)

===== Known world by the ancient Greeks before the Hellenistic period =====
* [[Kushite Empire]] ([[Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt]]) 
* [[Neo-Assyrian Empire]]<ref>{{Citation |title=The rise of the Neo-Assyrian empire |date=4 December 2013 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315879895-41 |work=The Ancient Near East |pages=499–520 |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.4324/9781315879895-41 |isbn=978-1-315-87989-5 |access-date=2022-12-27}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=The Nature of Siege Warfare in the Neo-Assyrian Period |date=13 November 2019 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004413740_004 |work=Brill's Companion to Sieges in the Ancient Mediterranean |pages=35–52 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|BRILL]] |doi=10.1163/9789004413740_004 |access-date=2022-12-27|last1=Siddall |first1=Luis R. |isbn=9789004413740 |s2cid=214558514}}</ref>
*[[Neo-Babylonian Empire]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fantalkin |first=Alexander |date=1 December 2017 |title=In Defense of Nebuchadnezzar II the Warrior |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2017-0014 |journal=Altorientalische Forschungen |volume=44 |issue=2 |doi=10.1515/aofo-2017-0014 |s2cid=165967543 |issn=2196-6761}}</ref>
* [[Achaemenid Empire]] (Persia)<ref>{{Citation |last=Kuhrt |first=Amélie |title=State Communications in the Persian Empire |date=14 February 2014 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199354771.003.0006 |work=State Correspondence in the Ancient World |pages=112–140 |publisher=Oxford University Press |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199354771.003.0006 |isbn=978-0-19-935477-1 |access-date=2022-12-27}}</ref>
* [[Macedonian Empire]]<ref>{{Citation |title=Alexander and his empire |date=26 March 1993 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511518539.006 |work=Conquest and Empire |pages=229–258 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511518539.006 |isbn=9780521406796 |access-date=2022-12-27}}</ref>

===== Known world by the ancient Romans in their republican era =====
The [[Ancient drachma|Drachma]], minted by many states, most notably in the [[Ptolemaic Egypt]] was the reserve currency in the Mediterranean and Near East
* [[Carthaginian Empire|Carthaginian Republic]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Miles |first=Richard |date=2011 |title=Carthage: A Mediterranean Superpower |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hsp.2011.0059 |journal=Historically Speaking |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=35–37 |doi=10.1353/hsp.2011.0059 |s2cid=162227777 |issn=1944-6438}}</ref>
* [[Roman Republic]]<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1 March 2010 |title=How Rome fell: death of a superpower |journal=Choice Reviews Online |volume=47 |issue=7 |pages=47–3968-47-3968 |doi=10.5860/choice.47-3968 |doi-broken-date=1 February 2025 |issn=0009-4978}}</ref>
* [[Ptolemaic Egypt]]
* [[Seleucid Empire]]
* [[Parthian Empire]] (Persia)
* [[Maurya Empire]] (not fully known by Europeans, that only known frontier regions and later northern regions)<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kulke |first1=Hermann |last2=Rothermund |first2=Dietmar |date=26 August 2004 |title=A History of India |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203391266 |doi=10.4324/9780203391266 |isbn=9781134331918}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Raza |first=Ahmed |date=16 August 2021 |title=Vajpayee: The Years that Changed India ShaktiSinha, Vajpayee: The Years that Changed India, Penguin/Vintage Books, New Delhi, 2020, 368 pp., Rs.599.00 (Hardback), {{text|ISBN:}} 9780670093441 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09700161.2021.1965348 |journal=Strategic Analysis |volume=45 |issue=5 |pages=444–445 |doi=10.1080/09700161.2021.1965348 |s2cid=243093620 |issn=0970-0161}}</ref>

===== Known world by the ancient Romans in their imperial era =====
Main [[reserve currency]] in the Mediterranean and Near East: [[Denarius|Roman Denarius]], later replaced by the [[Solidus (coin)|Roman Solidus]].
* [[Roman Empire]]
* [[Parthian Empire]] (Persia)
* [[Sasanid Empire]] (Persia)
* [[Kingdom of Aksum|Aksumite Empire]]
* [[Gupta Empire]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sinha |first=Kanad |title=State, Power and Legitimacy: The Gupta Kingdom |publisher=Primus Books |year=2019 |isbn=9789352902798}}</ref>

===== East Asia =====
Not fully known outside East Asia. The West knew of these powers because of the [[Silk Road]], although little information reached them.
* [[Han dynasty|Han Empire]]<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Lockard |first=Craig A. |date=4 February 2013 |title=Chinese emigration to 1948 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444351071.wbeghm130 |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration |doi=10.1002/9781444351071.wbeghm130|isbn=9781444334890}}</ref>
* [[Xiongnu|Xiongnu Empire]]

===== Mesoamerica =====
Isolated civilizations in relation to the [[Afro-Eurasia]].
* [[Olmec civilization]] (little information about their type of government)
* [[Zapotec civilization]] (little information about their type of government in this time period)
* [[Teotihuacán]] (little information about their type of government)

===== Andes =====
Isolated civilization in relation to [[Afro-Eurasia]].
* [[Chavín culture|Chavín Civilization]] (little information about their type of government)