Editing Speech recognition (section)

====High-performance fighter aircraft====
Substantial efforts have been devoted in the last decade to the test and evaluation of speech recognition in [[fighter aircraft]]. Of particular note have been the US program in speech recognition for the [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon variants#F-16_Advanced_Fighter_Technology_Integration|Advanced Fighter Technology Integration (AFTI)]]/[[F-16]] aircraft ([[F-16 VISTA]]), the program in France for [[Mirage (aircraft)|Mirage]] aircraft, and other programs in the UK dealing with a variety of aircraft platforms. In these programs, speech recognizers have been operated successfully in fighter aircraft, with applications including setting radio frequencies, commanding an autopilot system, setting steer-point coordinates and weapons release parameters, and controlling flight display.

Working with Swedish pilots flying in the [[Saab JAS 39 Gripen|JAS-39]] Gripen cockpit, Englund (2004) found recognition deteriorated with increasing [[g-force|g-loads]]. The report also concluded that adaptation greatly improved the results in all cases and that the introduction of models for breathing was shown to improve recognition scores significantly. Contrary to what might have been expected, no effects of the broken English of the speakers were found. It was evident that spontaneous speech caused problems for the recognizer, as might have been expected. A restricted vocabulary, and above all, a proper syntax, could thus be expected to improve recognition accuracy substantially.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Englund |first=Christine |title=Speech recognition in the JAS&nbsp;39 Gripen aircraft: Adaptation to speech at different G-loads |degree=Masters thesis |publisher=[[Stockholm University|Stockholm Royal Institute of Technology]] |url=http://www.speech.kth.se/prod/publications/files/1664.pdf |year=2004 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002002102/http://www.speech.kth.se/prod/publications/files/1664.pdf |archive-date=2 October 2008 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The [[Eurofighter Typhoon]], currently in service with the UK [[RAF]], employs a speaker-dependent system, requiring each pilot to create a template. The system is not used for any safety-critical or weapon-critical tasks, such as weapon release or lowering of the undercarriage, but is used for a wide range of other cockpit functions. Voice commands are confirmed by visual and/or aural feedback. The system is seen as a major design feature in the reduction of pilot [[workload]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Cockpit |url=https://www.eurofighter.com/the-aircraft#cockpit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301222529/https://www.eurofighter.com/the-aircraft#cockpit |archive-date=1 March 2017 |website=Eurofighter Typhoon |df=dmy-all}}</ref> and even allows the pilot to assign targets to his aircraft with two simple voice commands or to any of his wingmen with only five commands.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eurofighter Typhoon – The world's most advanced fighter aircraft |url=http://www.eurofighter.com/capabilities/technology/voice-throttle-stick/direct-voice-input.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511025203/http://www.eurofighter.com/capabilities/technology/voice-throttle-stick/direct-voice-input.html |archive-date=11 May 2013 |access-date=1 May 2018 |website=www.eurofighter.com |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Speaker-independent systems are also being developed and are under test for the [[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II|F-35 Lightning II]] (JSF) and the [[Alenia Aermacchi M-346 Master]] lead-in fighter trainer. These systems have produced word accuracy scores in excess of 98%.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schutte |first=John |date=15 October 2007 |title=Researchers fine-tune F-35 pilot-aircraft speech system |url=https://www.af.mil/News/story/id/123071861/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020030310/http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123071861 |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=United States Air Force}}</ref>