Editing Sodium (section)

==== High sodium consumption ====
{{Main|Health effects of salt}}
High sodium consumption is unhealthy, and can lead to alteration in the mechanical performance of the heart.<ref name="Patel-2020">{{Cite journal|last1=Patel|first1=Yash|last2=Joseph|first2=Jacob|date=2020-12-13|title=Sodium Intake and Heart Failure|journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences|volume=21|issue=24|page=9474|doi=10.3390/ijms21249474|issn=1422-0067|pmc=7763082|pmid=33322108|doi-access=free}}</ref> High sodium consumption is also associated with [[chronic kidney disease]], [[high blood pressure]], [[cardiovascular disease]]s, and [[stroke]].<ref name="Patel-2020" />

===== High blood pressure =====
There is a strong correlation between higher sodium intake and higher blood pressure.<ref>{{cite web|last=CDC|date=2018-02-28|title=The links between sodium, potassium, and your blood pressure|url=https://www.cdc.gov/salt/research_reviews/sodium_potassium_blood_pressure.htm|access-date=2021-01-05|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us|archive-date=17 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117045956/https://www.cdc.gov/salt/research_reviews/sodium_potassium_blood_pressure.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Studies have found that lowering sodium intake by 2&nbsp;g per day tends to lower [[systolic blood pressure]] by about two to four mm&nbsp;Hg.<ref name="Impact">{{cite journal|pmid=15369026|date=2004|last1=Geleijnse|first1=J. M.|last2=Kok|first2=F. J.|last3=Grobbee|first3=D. E.|title=Impact of dietary and lifestyle factors on the prevalence of hypertension in Western populations|volume=14|issue=3|pages=235–239|journal=European Journal of Public Health|doi=10.1093/eurpub/14.3.235|doi-access=free|url=https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/12616/grobbee_05_impactofdietaryandlifestylefactors.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y}}</ref> It has been estimated that such a decrease in sodium intake would lead to 9–17% fewer cases of [[hypertension]].<ref name="Impact" />

Hypertension causes 7.6 million premature deaths worldwide each year.<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=18456100|date=2008|last1=Lawes|first1=C. M.|last2=Vander Hoorn|first2=S.|last3=Rodgers|first3=A.|author4=International Society of Hypertension|title=Global burden of blood-pressure-related disease, 2001|volume=371|issue=9623|pages=1513–1518|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60655-8|journal=Lancet|url=http://www.worldactiononsalt.com/docs/news/2008/60532.pdf|access-date=25 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026130602/http://www.worldactiononsalt.com/docs/news/2008/60532.pdf|archive-date=26 October 2015|url-status=dead|citeseerx=10.1.1.463.887|s2cid=19315480}}</ref> Since edible salt contains about 39.3% sodium<ref>{{cite book|author=Armstrong, James |title=General, Organic, and Biochemistry: An Applied Approach |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bcU8AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA48 |date=2011 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-1-133-16826-3 |pages=48–}}</ref>—the rest being chlorine and trace chemicals; thus, 2.3&nbsp;g sodium is about 5.9&nbsp;g, or 5.3&nbsp;ml, of salt—about one [[US teaspoon]].<ref>[http://www.traditionaloven.com/culinary-arts/cooking/table-salt/convert-gram-g-to-tea-spoon-tsp.html Table Salt Conversion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140923113351/http://www.traditionaloven.com/culinary-arts/cooking/table-salt/convert-gram-g-to-tea-spoon-tsp.html |date=23 September 2014 }}. Traditionaloven.com. Retrieved on 11 November 2015.</ref><ref name="fda">{{cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/food/labelingnutrition/ucm315393.htm|title=Use the Nutrition Facts Label to Reduce Your Intake of Sodium in Your Diet|date=3 January 2018|publisher=US Food and Drug Administration|access-date=2 February 2018|archive-date=25 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125015301/https://www.fda.gov/Food/LabelingNutrition/ucm315393.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

One scientific review found that people with or without hypertension who excreted less than 3 grams of sodium per day in their urine (and therefore were taking in less than 3&nbsp;g/d) had a ''higher'' risk of death, stroke, or heart attack than those excreting 4 to 5 grams per day.<ref name="Andrew Mente-2016" /> Levels of 7&nbsp;g per day or more in people with hypertension were associated with higher mortality and cardiovascular events, but this was not found to be true for people without [[hypertension]].<ref name="Andrew Mente-2016">{{cite journal|author1=Andrew Mente|display-authors=etal|title=Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies|journal=The Lancet|date=2016|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30467-6|pmid=27216139|volume=388|issue=10043|pages=465–75|hdl=10379/16625|s2cid=44581906|url=https://repositorio.udes.edu.co/handle/001/3453|hdl-access=free|access-date=10 March 2023|archive-date=6 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106174547/https://repositorio.udes.edu.co/handle/001/3453|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Food and Drug Administration|US FDA]] states that adults with hypertension and prehypertension should reduce daily sodium intake to 1.5&nbsp;g.<ref name="fda" />