Editing Sleep apnea (section)

====Hypopharyngeal or base of tongue obstruction====
Base-of-tongue advancement by means of advancing the [[Mental spine|genial tubercle]] of the [[mandible]], tongue suspension, or [[hyoid suspension]] (aka hyoid myotomy and suspension or hyoid advancement) may help with the lower pharynx.<ref name="Chang-2023" />

Other surgery options may attempt to shrink or stiffen excess tissue in the mouth or throat, procedures done at either a doctor's office or a hospital. Small shots or other treatments, sometimes in a series, are used for shrinkage, while the insertion of a small piece of stiff plastic is used in the case of surgery whose goal is to stiffen tissues.<ref name=SleepApneaTreatments/>