Editing Santiago (section)

==Transportation==

===Air===
[[File:Terminal Aeropuerto Pudahuel.jpg|thumb|[[Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport]]]]

[[Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport]] ([[IATA]]: SCL) is Santiago's national and international airport and the principal [[airline hub|hub]] of [[LATAM Chile|LATAM Airlines]], [[Sky Airline]], [[Aerocardal]] and [[JetSmart]]. The airport is located in the western commune of [[Pudahuel]]. The largest airport in Chile, it is ranked sixth in passenger traffic among Latin American airports, with 14,168,282 passengers served in 2012 – a 17% increase over 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Estadisticas de trafico de pasajeros |url=http://www.aeropuertosantiago.cl/estad-sticas-tr-fico-de-pasajeros/estadisticas-de-trafico-de-pasajeros.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140120011749/https://www.aeropuertosantiago.cl/estad-sticas-tr-fico-de-pasajeros/estadisticas-de-trafico-de-pasajeros.html |archive-date=20 January 2014 |access-date=22 December 2013 |publisher=Aeropuerto de Santiago |df=dmy-all}}</ref> It is located {{Convert|15|km|abbr=on}} from the city center.

Peldehue airport in Colina began operations on 13 December 2021. It will be able to service up to 25 flights each hour.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Tamara |last=Rojas |url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/region-metropolitana/2021/12/13/inauguran-aerodromo-de-peldehue-en-colina-realizara-hasta-25-vuelos-por-hora.shtml |title=Inauguran Aeródromo de Peldehue en Colina: realizará hasta 25 vuelos por hora |website=Radio Bio Bio |date=13 December 2021 |language=es}}</ref>
Santiago is also served by [[Eulogio Sánchez Airport]] (ICAO: SCTB), a small, privately owned general aviation airport in the commune of [[La Reina]].

===Rail===
[[File:Estación Central, Santiago 20230520 02.jpg|thumb|right|[[Alameda railway station|Estación Central de Santiago]].]]
[[File:J27_863_Bf_Santiago_Hbf,_XM-15.jpg|thumb|[[Empresa de los Ferrocarriles del Estado]]]]

Trains operated by Chile's national railway company, [[Empresa de los Ferrocarriles del Estado]] (EFE), connect Santiago to several cities in the south-central part of the country: [[Rancagua]], [[San Fernando, Chile|San Fernando]], [[Talca]] (connected to the coastal city of [[Constitución, Chile|Constitución]] by a different train service), [[Linares, Chile|Linares]] and [[Chillán]]. All such trains arrive and depart from the [[Estación Central railway station]] (Central Station), which can be accessed by bus or subway.<ref>[http://www.efe.cl/link.cgi/668] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628083311/http://www.efe.cl/link.cgi/668|date=28 June 2013}}</ref> The proposed [[Santiago–Valparaíso railway line]] would connect Santiago with [[Valparaíso]] in 45 minutes, and expansions of the commuter rail network to [[Melitrén|Melipilla]] and [[Santiago-Batuco commuter rail|Batuco]] are under discussion.

===Inter-urban buses===
{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2024}}
Bus companies provide passenger transportation from Santiago to most areas of the country as well as to foreign destinations, while some also provide parcel shipping and delivery services.

There are several bus terminals in Santiago:

* Terminal San Borja: located in [[Estación Central metro station]]. Provides buses to all destinations in Chile and to some towns around Santiago.
* Terminal Alameda: located in [[Universidad de Santiago metro station]]. Provides buses to all destinations in Chile.
* Terminal Santiago: located one block west of Terminal Alameda. Provides buses to all destinations in Chile as well as to destinations in most countries in South America, except Bolivia.
* Terrapuerto Los Héroes: located two blocks east of [[Los Héroes metro station]]. Provides buses to south of Chile and some northern cities, as well as Argentina (Mendoza and Buenos Aires) and Paraguay (Asunción).
* Terminal Pajaritos: located in [[Pajaritos metro station]]. Provides buses to the [[Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport|international airport]], inter-regional services to [[Valparaíso]], [[Viña del Mar]] and several other coastal cities and towns.
* Terminal La Cisterna: located in [[La Cisterna metro station]]. Provides buses to towns around southern Santiago, Viña del Mar, Temuco and Puerto Montt.
* Terminal La Paz: located about two blocks away from [[La Vega Central Market]]; the closest Metro station is [[Puente Cal y Canto metro station|Puente Cal y Canto]]. It connects the rural areas north of Santiago.

===Highways===
{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2024}}[[File:Chile Costanera Norte crossing downtown Santiago.JPG|thumb|Costanera Norte Expressway]]

A network of free flow [[toll highway]]s connects the various areas of the city. They include the Vespucio Norte and Vespucio Sur highways, which surround the city completing a nearly full circle; [[Autopista Central]], the section of the Pan American highway crossing the city from north to south, divided in two highways {{cvt|3|km|}} apart; and the [[Costanera Norte]], running next to the Mapocho River and connecting the international airport with the downtown and with the wealthier areas of the city to the east, where it divides into two highways.

Other non-[[free flow]] toll roads connecting Santiago to other cities, include: Rutas del Pacífico ([[Chile Route 68|Ruta 68]]), the continuation of the [[Avenida Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins|''Alameda'' Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Avenue]] to the west, provides direct access to Valparaíso and Viña del Mar; Autopista del Sol (Ruta 78), connects [[Melipilla]] and the port of [[San Antonio, Chile|San Antonio]] with the capital; Autopista Ruta del Maipo (a.k.a. "Acceso Sur") is an alternative to the Pan American highway to access the various localities south of Santiago; Autopista Los Libertadores provides access to the main border crossing to Argentina, via [[Colina, Chile|Colina]] and [[Los Andes, Chile|Los Andes]]; and Autopista Nororiente, which provides access to the suburban development known as Chicureo, north of the capital.

===Public transportation===
{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2024}}[[File:Metrolinea4.jpg|thumb|[[Vicente Valdés metro station|Vicente Valdés station]]]]
Santiago has 37% of Chile's vehicles, totaling 991,838, of which 979,346 are motorized. An extensive network of streets and avenues crisscrosses Santiago, facilitating travel between the different communities that make up the metropolitan area.

In the 1990s, the government attempted to reorganize the public transportation system. New routes were introduced in 1994, and the buses were painted yellow. However, the system faced significant issues such as route overlaps, high levels of air and noise pollution, and safety concerns for both riders and drivers. To address these problems, a new transportation system called [[Transantiago]] was devised. It was officially launched on February 10, 2007, combining core services across the city with the subway and local feeder routes, all under a unified payment system using a [[Contactless smart card|contactless smartcard]] called [[Tarjeta bip!]]

The change was not well received by users, who complained of a lack of buses, excessive transfers between buses, and reduced coverage. While some of these issues were eventually addressed, the system developed a poor reputation that it struggled to overcome. As of 2011, fare evasion remained persistently high.

In 2019, the government rebranded the public transportation system as [[Red Metropolitana de Movilidad|RED]], aiming to distance it from the problematic Transantiago brand.

In recent years, many cycle paths have been constructed, but their number remains limited, and the routes are poorly connected. Most cyclists ride on the streets, and despite helmet and light use being mandatory, compliance is not widespread.[[File:Metro de Santiago.svg|thumb|left|Santiago Metro map as September, 2023]]

====Metro====
[[File:L6 Los Leones - Puertas de andén.jpg|thumb|220x220px|right|Los Leones station]]

[[Santiago Metro]] has seven operating lines (1, 2, 3, 4, 4A, 5 and 6), extending over {{cvt|149|km|0}} and connecting 143 stations. The system carries around 2,400,000 passengers per day. Two underground lines (Line 4 and 4A) and an extension of Line 2 were inaugurated in 2005 and 2006, while an extension of Line 5 was inaugurated in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Railway-technology.com |url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/santiago/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210202148/http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/santiago/index.html |archive-date=10 December 2008 |access-date=17 April 2010 |publisher=Railway-technology.com}}</ref><ref name="MetS">{{Cite web |title=Metrosantiago.cl |url=http://www.metrosantiago.cl/metro_ciudad_detalle.php?c=8757150decbd89b0f5442ca3db4d0e0e |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726125814/http://www.metrosantiago.cl/metro_ciudad_detalle.php?c=8757150decbd89b0f5442ca3db4d0e0e |archive-date=26 July 2011 |access-date=17 April 2010 |publisher=Metrosantiago.cl}}</ref> Line 6 was inaugurated in 2017, adding 10 stations to the network and approximately {{cvt|15|km|}} of track. Line 3 opened on 22 January 2019, with 18 new stations.<ref>[https://www.railjournal.com/regions/central-south-america/chilean-president-inaugurates-santiago-line-3/ "Chilean president inaugurates Santiago metro Line 3"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903193441/https://www.railjournal.com/regions/central-south-america/chilean-president-inaugurates-santiago-line-3/ |date=3 September 2019 }}, ' 'International Railway Journal' '</ref><ref name="MetS" />

====Commuter rail====
{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2024}}
EFE provides suburban rail service under the brandname of [[Metrotren]]. There are 2 southbound routes. The most popular is the Metrotren Nos service, between the Central Station of Santiago and Nos station, in San Bernardo. This line, inaugurated in 2017, serves 8&nbsp;million people per year, with 12 trains serving 10 stations with a frequency of 6 minutes during rush hours, and 12 during the rest of the time. The other route is the Metrotren Rancagua service, between the Central Station of Santiago and the Rancagua station, connecting Santiago with the regional capital of O'Higgins.

====Bus====
{{Multiple image
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| image1            = Presentacion buses Transporte Tercer Milenio.jpg
| image2            = Bus_510_en_Avenida_Matta,_Santiago_20220529.jpg
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| caption2          = [[Red Metropolitana de Movilidad]] buses, using current color scheme.
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{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2024}}[[File:Transantiago bus articulado.jpg|thumb|Transantiago bus, with original color scheme (2005–2012)]][[Red Metropolitana de Movilidad|Red]] (formerly known as Transantiago) is the name of Santiago's comprehensive public transportation system. It operates by integrating local feeder bus lines, main bus lines, EFE commuter trains, and the metro network. The system features an integrated fare system that enables passengers to make transfers between bus, metro, and train services using a single, contactless smartcard known as "Bip!". Additionally, it offers reduced fares for senior citizens, high school students, and university students.

====Vehicles for hire====
Taxicabs are prevalent in Santiago and are easily recognizable by their black bodies and yellow roofs, as well as their orange license plates. Another type of taxi called ''radiotaxis'' can be ordered by phone and can come in any make, model, or color, but must always have the orange license plates. ''Colectivos'' are shared taxis that follow a specific route and charge a fixed fee for the ride.

[[Cabify]], [[Uber]] and [[DiDi]] are also available in Santiago, though authorities warn they currently operate outside the law.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Villegas |first=Alejandro |date=2022-12-27 |title=Gobierno volvió a la carga con plan "anti Uber": han quitado más de 4.500 autos de aplicaciones |url=https://lahora.cl/cronica/2022/12/26/gobierno-volvio-a-la-carga-con-plan-anti-uber-han-quitado-mas-de-4-500-autos-de-aplicaciones/ |access-date=2023-02-12 |website=La Hora |language=es |archive-date=12 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212103514/https://lahora.cl/cronica/2022/12/26/gobierno-volvio-a-la-carga-con-plan-anti-uber-han-quitado-mas-de-4-500-autos-de-aplicaciones/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Public transportation statistics====
The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Santiago - to and from work, for example - on a weekday is 53 min. Just 4,3% of public transit riders ride for more than 2 hours every day while . The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit (considering transfers) is 14 min, while 17,4% of riders wait less than 5 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 8.03&nbsp;km, while 18% travel for over 12&nbsp;km in a single direction.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Moovit Public Transit Index |url=https://moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index-countries |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=moovitapp.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== Internal transportation ===
[[File:Principales calles de Santiago.svg|thumbnail|left|Map of Santiago depicting main streets and [[Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport|airport]].]]
As of 2006, Santiago was home to 992,000 vehicles, 979,000 of which were motorized. This made up 37.3% of Chile's total vehicle count. 805,000 cars passed through the city, which is 37.6% of the national total{{Clarify|date=September 2016}} or one car for every seven people.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Marcela Sariego Rivera |last2=Rogelio Veloso Fiol |date=13 April 2007 |title=Anuario Parque de Vehículos en Circulación |url=http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/estadisticas_economicas/transporte_y_comunicaciones/pdf/parquevehiculosencirculacion2006.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620004747/http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/estadisticas_economicas/transporte_y_comunicaciones/pdf/parquevehiculosencirculacion2006.pdf |archive-date=20 June 2009 |access-date=11 December 2007 |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas |language=es}}</ref>

The main road is the [[Avenida Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins]], better known as Alameda Avenue, which runs northeast and southwest. From north to south, it is crossed by [[Autopista Central]] and the [[Independencia Avenue (Santiago de Chile)|Independencia]], [[Gran Avenida José Miguel Carrera|Gran Avenida]], [[Avenida Recoleta|Recoleta]], [[Avenida Santa Rosa|Santa Rosa]], [[Vicuña Mackenna Avenue|Vicuña Mackenna]] and [[Tobalaba Avenida|Tobalaba]] avenues. Other major roads include the [[Avenida Los Pajaritos]] to the west and [[Providencia Avenue]] and [[Apoquindo Avenue]] to the east. Finally, the [[Américo Vespucio Avenue]] acts as a [[ring road]].

During the 2000s, several urban highways were built through Santiago in order to improve the situation for vehicles. The road General Velásquez and sections of the [[Pan-American Highway]] in Santiago were converted into the Autopista Central, while Américo Vespucio became variously the highways Vespucio Norte Express and Vespucio Sur, as well as Vespucio Oriente in the future. Following the edge of the Mapocho River, Costanera Norte was built to link the northeast of the capital to the airport and the downtown area. All these highways, totaling 210&nbsp;km in length, have a free flow toll system.
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