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=== Sports === {{Main|Sport in Russia}} [[Association football|Football]] is the most popular sport in Russia.<ref>{{cite book|first=Suzanne J.|last=Murdico|title=Russia: A Primary Source Cultural Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zwEWwYhv9ZUC&pg=PT96|access-date=19 November 2013|year=2005|publisher=Rosen Publishing|isbn=978-1-4042-2913-6|page=132}}</ref> The [[Soviet Union national football team]] became the first European champions by winning [[Euro 1960]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro-2020/news/025a-0eb0ecf360cc-a9532565e049-1000--euro-1960-all-you-need-to-know/|title=EURO 1960: all you need to know|work=[[UEFA Champions League]]|date=13 February 2020|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225195942/https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro-2020/news/025a-0eb0ecf360cc-a9532565e049-1000--euro-1960-all-you-need-to-know/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and reached the finals of [[Euro 1988]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro-2020/news/025d-0f859f66fcba-c8d3aa08dfa3-1000--classics-ussr-vs-netherlands-1988/|title=Classics: Soviet Union vs Netherlands, 1988|work=[[UEFA Champions League]]|date=29 May 2020|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=8 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408132625/https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro-2020/news/025d-0f859f66fcba-c8d3aa08dfa3-1000--classics-ussr-vs-netherlands-1988/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1956 and 1988, the Soviet Union won gold at the [[Football at the Summer Olympics#Results|Olympic football tournament]]. Russian clubs [[PFC CSKA Moscow|CSKA Moscow]] and [[Zenit Saint Petersburg]] won the [[UEFA Cup]] in 2005 and 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0253-0d806e352f9f-e83f37a18d8b-1000--sporting-cska-moskva-watch-their-2005-final/|title=Sporting-CSKA Moskva: watch their 2005 final|work=[[UEFA Champions League]]|date=7 August 2015|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=8 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408132621/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0253-0d806e352f9f-e83f37a18d8b-1000--sporting-cska-moskva-watch-their-2005-final/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thesefootballtimes.co/2019/11/18/how-a-brilliant-zenit-saint-petersburg-lifted-the-uefa-cup-in-2008/|title=How a brilliant Zenit Saint Petersburg lifted the UEFA Cup in 2008|work=[[These Football Times]]|first=Joe|last=Terry|date=18 November 2019|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=8 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408132621/https://thesefootballtimes.co/2019/11/18/how-a-brilliant-zenit-saint-petersburg-lifted-the-uefa-cup-in-2008/|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Russian national football team]] reached the semi-finals of [[Euro 2008]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2008/jun/26/russiaspainlive|title=Euro 2008: Russia v Spain β as it happened|work=[[The Guardian]]|first=Sean|last=Ingle|date=26 June 2008|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=12 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812004724/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2008/jun/26/russiaspainlive|url-status=live}}</ref> Russia was the host nation for the [[2017 FIFA Confederations Cup]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/|title=2018 FIFA Confederations Cup Russia 2017|work=[[FIFA]]|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=3 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703122532/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/matches/round=274645/match=300334881/matchcast.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[2018 FIFA World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/russia2018/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224033040/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/russia2018/|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 February 2020|title=2018 FIFA World Cup Russiaβ’|work=[[FIFA]]|access-date=31 May 2021}}</ref> [[Ice hockey in Russia|Ice hockey]] is very popular in Russia.<ref name="hockey">{{cite web|url=https://geohistory.today/russian_ice_hockey/|title=Russians on Ice: A Brief Overview of Soviet and Russian Hockey|work=GeoHistory|first1=Lisa|last1=Crandell|first2=Josh|last2=Wilson|date=3 December 2009|access-date=3 June 2021|archive-date=3 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603154409/https://geohistory.today/russian_ice_hockey/|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Soviet Union men's national ice hockey team]] dominated the sport internationally throughout its existence,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2015/2/25/8108397/soviet-hockey-red-army|title=How Soviet hockey ruled the world β and then fell apart|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|first=Emily|last=VanDerWerff|date=22 February 2019|access-date=27 June 2021|archive-date=26 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626205838/https://www.vox.com/2015/2/25/8108397/soviet-hockey-red-army|url-status=live}}</ref> and the modern-day [[Russia men's national ice hockey team]] is among the most successful teams in the sport.<ref name="hockey"/> [[Bandy]] is Russia's national sport, and it has historically been the highest-achieving country in the sport.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rbth.com/arts/sport/2013/02/14/bandy_a_concise_history_of_the_extreme_sport_22867.html|title=Bandy: A concise history of the extreme sport|work=[[Russia Beyond]]|first=Ilya|last=Trisvyatsky|date=14 February 2013|access-date=7 July 2021|archive-date=29 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329091226/https://www.rbth.com/arts/sport/2013/02/14/bandy_a_concise_history_of_the_extreme_sport_22867.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Russian national basketball team]] won the [[EuroBasket 2007]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.euroleague.net/news/i/15364/eurobasket-2007-final-september-16-2007|title=EuroBasket 2007 final: September 16, 2007|work=[[EuroLeague]]|first=Javier|last=Gancedo|date=16 September 2007|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=16 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116171531/https://www.euroleague.net/news/i/15364/eurobasket-2007-final-september-16-2007|url-status=live}}</ref> and the Russian basketball club [[PBC CSKA Moscow]] is among the most successful European basketball teams. The annual [[Formula One]] [[Russian Grand Prix]] is held at the [[Sochi Autodrom]] in the [[Sochi Olympic Park]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/information.russia-sochi-autodrom.3nDdZPizsnPEtlHysv115Y.html|title=Russia β Sochi|work=[[Formula One]]|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=21 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321211802/https://www.formula1.com/en/information.russia-sochi-autodrom.3nDdZPizsnPEtlHysv115Y.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Russia is the leading nation in [[rhythmic gymnastics]]; and Russian [[synchronized swimming]] is considered to be the world's best.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2016/08/19/russian-mastery-in-synchronized-swimming-yields-double-gold/89000222/|title=Russian mastery in synchronized swimming yields double gold|work=[[USA Today]]|date=19 August 2016|access-date=21 June 2021|archive-date=8 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208003710/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2016/08/19/russian-mastery-in-synchronized-swimming-yields-double-gold/89000222/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Figure skating]] is another popular sport in Russia, especially [[pair skating]] and [[ice dancing]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22276736/figure-skating-olympics-winter-2022-lessons|title=Figure skating is on thin ice. Here's how to fix it.|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|first=Rebecca|last=Jennings|date=18 February 2021|access-date=21 June 2021|archive-date=8 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408132621/https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22276736/figure-skating-olympics-winter-2022-lessons|url-status=live}}</ref> Russia has produced a number of famous [[tennis]] players,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://petercioth.medium.com/roots-of-the-fall-and-rise-of-russian-tennis-9ba2e01635e8|title=Roots of The Fall And Rise of Russian Tennis.|work=[[Medium (website)|Medium]]|first=Peter|last=Cioth|date=9 February 2021|access-date=3 June 2021|archive-date=3 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603153414/https://petercioth.medium.com/roots-of-the-fall-and-rise-of-russian-tennis-9ba2e01635e8|url-status=live}}</ref> such as [[Maria Sharapova]] and [[Daniil Medvedev]]. [[Chess]] is also a widely popular pastime in the nation, with many of the world's top chess players being Russian for decades.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2009/09/how-did-russians-get-so-good-at-chess.html|title=Why are the Russians so good at chess?|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|first=Christopher|last=Beam|date=25 September 2009|access-date=21 June 2021|archive-date=31 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331071732/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2009/09/how-did-russians-get-so-good-at-chess.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[1980 Summer Olympic Games]] were held in Moscow,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/moscow-1980|title=Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics β Athletes, Medals & Results|work=Olympics.com|date=24 April 2018|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=8 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408132625/https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/moscow-1980|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[2014 Winter Olympics]] and the [[2014 Winter Paralympics]] were hosted in Sochi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/sochi-2014|title=Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics β Athletes, Medals & Results|work=Olympics.com|date=23 April 2018|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=8 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408132652/https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/sochi-2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.paralympic.org/sochi-2014|title=Sochi 2014|work=[[International Paralympic Committee]]|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=6 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806054846/https://www.paralympic.org/sochi-2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
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