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===Germany=== [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-H29710, Berlin-Friedrichsfelde, Revolutionsdenkmal.jpg|thumb|A memorial to the [[Spartacus League|Spartacist]] leaders [[Karl Liebknecht]] and Rosa Luxemburg, commissioned by [[Eduard Fuchs]], leader of the [[Communist Party of Germany]] designed by [[Ludwig Mies van der Rohe]], built by [[Wilhelm Pieck]], and inaugurated on 13 June 1926, later destroyed by the Nazis]] [[File:Ludwig Binder Haus der Geschichte Studentenrevolte 1968 2001 03 0275.0008 (16474725704).jpg|thumb|[[German student movement]] in 1968]] [[File:RosaLuxemburg2a.jpg|thumb|Rosa Luxemburg memorial at the site where her corpse was thrown into the [[Landwehr Canal]] in Berlin]] [[File:L-L Demo 2016.jpg|thumb|A scene from the 2016 Liebknecht-Luxemburg Demonstration in Berlin, held each year in January to honour the murdered communists]] In 1919, [[Bertolt Brecht]] wrote the poetic memorial ''Epitaph'' honouring Luxemburg and [[Kurt Weill]] set it to music in ''[[The Berlin Requiem (Weill)|The Berlin Requiem]]'' in 1928: <blockquote><poem>Red Rosa now has vanished too, And where she lies is hid from view. She told the poor what life's about, And so the rich have rubbed her out. May she rest in peace.</poem></blockquote> The famous Monument to Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, originally named Monument to the November Revolution ({{lang|de|Revolutionsdenkmal}}) which was designed by pioneering modernist and later [[Bauhaus]] director [[Ludwig Mies van der Rohe]] and built in 1926 in Berlin-Lichtenberg and destroyed in 1935.{{cn|date=April 2025}} The memorial took the form of a [[Suprematism|suprematist]] composition of brick masses. Van der Rohe said: "As most of these people [Rosa Luxemburg, Karl Liebknecht and other fallen heroes of the Revolution] were shot in front of a brick wall, a brick wall would be what I would build as a monument". The commission came about through the offices of [[Eduard Fuchs]], who showed a proposal featuring [[Doric order|Doric]] columns and medallions of Liebknecht and Luxemburg, prompting Mies' laughter and the comment "That would be a good monument for a banker". The monument was destroyed by the Nazis after they took power. In 1951, Liebknecht and Luxemburg were honoured with symbolic graves at the ''Memorial to the Socialists'' ({{langx|de|Gedenkstätte der Sozialisten}}) in the Friedrichsfelde Cemetery. In the former East Germany and East Berlin, various places were named for Luxemburg by the East German communist party. These include the [[Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz]] and a [[Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz (Berlin U-Bahn)|U-Bahn station]] which were located in East Berlin during the [[Cold War]]. An engraving on the nearby pavement reads "Ich war, ich bin, ich werde sein" ("I was, I am, I will be"). The [[Volksbühne]] (People's Theatre) is also on Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz. Following the 1989 Peaceful Revolution and [[German reunification]], CDU delegates on the Berlin city council recommended renaming all streets and squares honoring Marx, [[August Bebel]], Liebknecht, Luxemburg and Clara Zetkin. In a rare moment of agreement, both [[Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)|PDS]] and SPD delegates balked at this and the battle became so heated that an independent commission was appointed to advise on the question. The commission ultimately recommended the compromise, "that Communists who had died too soon to help bring Weimar down, or the GDR up, should not be purged". For this reason, both streets and squares in the former East Berlin continue to bear Rosa Luxemburg's name.<ref>David Clay Large (2000), ''Berlin'', Basic Books. pp. 560–561.</ref> [[Dresden]] has a street and streetcar stop named after Luxemburg. The names remained unchanged after German reunification. At the edge of the [[Tiergarten, Berlin|Tiergarten]] on the {{lang|de|Katharina-Heinroth-Ufer}} which runs between the southern bank of the Landwehr Canal and the bordering {{lang|de|Zoologischer Garten}} (Zoological Garden), a memorial has been installed by a private initiative. On the memorial, the name Rosa Luxemburg appears in raised capital letters, marking the spot where her body was thrown into the canal by {{lang|de|Freikorps}} troops. The [[Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution]] notes that idolisation of Luxemburg and Liebknecht remains an important tradition of [[far-left]] extremism in the [[Federal Republic of Germany]].<ref name="Verfassungsschutz"/> During the Cold War, Luxemburg and Liebknecht were idolised as martyrs by East Germany's ruling Party and continue to be idolised by its successor party: [[The Left (Germany)|The Left]].<ref name="Verfassungsschutz"/> [[Feminists]], Trotskyists, and other leftists in Germany especially show interest in Luxemburg's ideas. Distinguished modern Marxist thinkers such as [[Ernest Mandel]], who has even been characterised as Luxemburgist, have seen Luxemburg's thought as a corrective to traditional revolutionary theory.<ref>Achacar, Gilbert. [http://www.ernestmandel.org/en/aboutlife/txt/actuality_of_ernest_mandel.htm "The Actuality of Ernest Mandel"].</ref> In 2002, ten thousand people marched in Berlin for Luxemburg and Liebknecht and another 90,000 people laid [[carnation]]s on their graves.<ref>[http://www.workers.org/ww/2002/berlin0131.php "Workers World Jan. 31, 2002: Berlin events honor left-wing leaders"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105061518/http://www.workers.org/ww/2002/berlin0131.php|date=5 November 2012}}.</ref>
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