Editing Romani Holocaust (section)

=== Estimated number of victims ===
The following figures are from ''The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust'' and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's online encyclopedia of the Holocaust.<ref>{{cite book |last=Niewyk |first=Donald L. |year=2000 |title=The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust |page=[https://archive.org/details/columbiaguidetot00niew/page/422 422] |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |isbn=978-0-231-11200-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/columbiaguidetot00niew/page/422}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=European Romani (Gypsy) Population |url=http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_nm.php?ModuleId=10005219&MediaId=359 |website=The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: Holocaust Encyclopedia |publisher=[[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|USHMM]]|access-date=8 January 2016}}</ref>
{|class="sortable wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"
|-
!Country
!Roma population, 1939
!Number of Victims at least killed
!Estimate by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
|-
|Albania
|20,000
|?
|?
|-
|Austria
|11,200
|6,800
|8,250
|-
|Belgium
|600
|350
|500
|-
|Bulgaria
|80,000
|0
|0
|-
|Czech Republic ([[Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia]])
|13,000
|5,000
|6,500
|-
|Estonia
|1,000
|500
|1,000
|-
|France
|40,000
|15,150
|15,150
|-
|Germany
|20,000
|15,000
|15,000
|-
|Greece
|?
|50
|50
|-
|Hungary
|100,000
|1,000
|28,000
|-
|Italy
|25,000
|1,000
|1,000
|-
|Latvia
|5,000
|1,500
|2,500
|-
|Lithuania
|1,000
|500
|1,000
|-
|Luxembourg
|200
|100
|200
|-
|Netherlands
|500
|215
|500
|-
|Poland
|50,000
|8,000
|35,000
|-
|Romania
|262,501
|19,000
|36,000
|-
|Slovakia
|80,000
|400
|10,000
|-
|[[Soviet Union]] (1939 borders)
|200,000
|30,000
|35,000
|-
|[[Yugoslavia]]
|100,000
|26,000
|90,000
|-
!Total
!947,500
!130,565
!285,650
|}
{{clear}}
However, new findings and documents uncovered by research experts reveal that the Roma death toll was at least about 200,000 to 500,000 of the 1 or 2 million Roma in Europe, with numerous experts and scholars giving much higher number of Romani deaths, such as Ian Hancock, director of the Romani Archives and Documentation Center at the [[University of Texas at Austin]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Karanth |first=Dileep |year=2009 |title=Ian Hancock |url=http://www.utexas.edu/cola/linguistics/faculty/profile.php?id=ianh |website=[[University of Texas at Austin]] |access-date=6 November 2015 }}</ref> He discovered that almost the entire Romani population was killed in Croatia, [[Estonia in World War II|Estonia]], [[German occupation of Lithuania|Lithuania]], [[German occupation of Luxembourg in World War II|Luxembourg]], and the [[Netherlands in World War II|Netherlands]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Hancock |first=Ian |title=Downplaying the Porrajmos: The Trend to Minimize the Romani Holocaust |url=http://www.geocities.com/~Patrin/lewy.htm |date=23 September 2000 |journal=The Patrin Web Journal (In WebCite) |access-date=5 November 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026170018/http://geocities.com/~patrin/lewy.htm |archive-date=26 October 2009}}</ref> [[Rudolph Rummel]], the late [[professor emeritus]] of [[political science]] at the [[University of Hawaii]] who spent his career assembling data on collective violence by governments toward their people (for which he coined the term [[democide]]), estimated that, in total, 258,000 were killed by the Nazi regime in Europe,{{sfn|Rummel|1992|loc=[http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/NAZIS.TAB1.1.GIF table 1.1]}} 36,000 in [[Romania in World War II|Romania]] under Ion Antonescu{{sfn|Rummel|1997|loc=[http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB14.1D.GIF table 14.1D line 1881]}} and 27,000 in Ustaše-controlled Croatia.{{sfn|Rummel|1997|loc=[http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB9.1.GIF table 9.1 lines 195–201]}}

In a 2010 publication, Ian Hancock stated that he agrees with the view that the number of Romanies killed has been underestimated as a result of being grouped with others in Nazi records under headings such as "remainder to be liquidated", "hangers-on", and "partisans".{{sfn|Hancock|2010|p=243}} He notes recent evidence such as the previously obscure [[Lety concentration camp]] in the Czech Republic and Ackovic's revised estimates<ref>Essay "The Suffering of the Roma in Jasenovac" in {{cite book |last=Lituchy |first=Barry M. |year=2006 |title=Jasenovac and the Holocaust in Yugoslavia |location=New York |publisher=Jasenovac Research Institute |isbn=978-0-9753432-0-3}}</ref> of Romani killed by the Ustaše as high as 80,000–100,000. These numbers suggest that previous estimates have been grossly underrepresented.{{sfn|Hancock|2010|p=244-5}}

[[Zbigniew Brzezinski]] has estimated that 800,000 Roma people were killed through Nazi actions.<ref name="Brzezinski 2010 10"/>