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===Hallucinogens=== {{Further|Hallucinogen}} {{See also|List of psychedelic drugs}} Hallucinogens can be divided into three broad categories: [[psychedelic drug|psychedelic]]s, [[dissociative]]s, and [[deliriant]]s. They can cause subjective changes in [[perception]], [[thought]], [[emotion]] and [[consciousness]]. Unlike other psychoactive drugs such as [[stimulants]] and [[opioids]], hallucinogens do not merely amplify familiar states of mind but also induce experiences that differ from those of ordinary consciousness, often compared to non-ordinary forms of consciousness such as [[trance]], [[meditation]], conversion experiences, and [[dream]]s. Psychedelics, dissociatives, and deliriants have a long worldwide history of use within medicinal and religious traditions. They are used in [[shamanic]] forms of ritual [[healing]] and [[divination]], in [[initiation rites]], and in the religious rituals of [[syncretistic]] movements such as [[União do Vegetal]], [[Santo Daime]], [[Temple of the True Inner Light]], and the [[Native American Church]]. When used in religious practice, psychedelic drugs, as well as other substances like [[tobacco]], are referred to as [[entheogens]]. Hallucinogen-induced psychosis occurs when psychosis persists despite no longer being intoxicated with the drug. It is estimated that 26% of people with hallucinogen-induced psychosis will transition to a diagnosis of schizophrenia. This percentage is less than the psychosis transition rate for cannabis (34%) but higher than that of amphetamines (22%).<ref name="Transition of Substance-Induced, Br"/> Starting in the mid-20th century, psychedelic drugs have been the object of extensive attention in the Western world. They have been and are being explored as potential therapeutic agents in treating [[clinical depression|depression]], [[post-traumatic stress disorder]], [[obsessive–compulsive disorder]], [[alcoholism]], and [[opioid addiction]]. Yet the most popular, and at the same time most stigmatized, use of psychedelics in Western culture has been associated with the search for direct [[religious experience]], enhanced [[creativity]], personal development, and "mind expansion". The use of psychedelic drugs was a major element of the 1960s [[counterculture]], where it became associated with various social movements and a general atmosphere of rebellion and strife between generations. * [[Deliriant]]s ** [[atropine]] (alkaloid found in plants of the family ''[[Solanaceae]]'', including [[Datura stramonium|datura]], deadly nightshade, [[Hyoscyamus niger|henbane]] and [[Mandragora officinarum|mandrake]]) ** [[dimenhydrinate]] (Dramamine, an [[antihistamine]]) ** [[diphenhydramine]] (Benadryl, Unisom, Nytol) ** [[hyoscyamine]] (alkaloid also found in the Solanaceae) ** [[hyoscine hydrobromide]] (another Solanaceae alkaloid) ** [[myristicin]] (found in ''[[Myristica fragrans]]'' ("Nutmeg")) ** [[ibotenic acid]] (found in ''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' ("Fly Agaric"); [[prodrug]] to muscimol) ** [[muscimol]] (also found in ''[[Amanita muscaria]]'', a [[gamma-Aminobutyric acid#GABAergic drugs|GABAergic]]) * [[Dissociative]]s ** [[dextromethorphan]] (DXM; Robitussin, Delsym, etc.; "Dex", "Robo", "Cough Syrup", "DXM") *** ''"Triple C's, Coricidin, Skittles" refer to a potentially fatal formulation containing both dextromethorphan and [[chlorpheniramine]].'' ** [[ketamine]] (K; Ketalar, Ketaset, Ketanest; "Ket", "Kit Kat", "Special-K", "Vitamin K", "Jet Fuel", "Horse Tranquilizer") ** [[methoxetamine]] (Mex, Mket, Mexi) ** [[phencyclidine]] (PCP; Sernyl; "Angel Dust", "Rocket Fuel", "Sherm", "Killer Weed", "Super Grass") ** [[nitrous oxide]] (N<sub>2</sub>O; "NOS", "Laughing Gas", "Whippets", "Balloons") * [[Psychedelic drug|Psychedelic]]s ** [[Phenethylamine]]s *** [[2C-B]] ("Nexus", "Venus", "Eros", "Bees") *** [[2C-E]] ("Eternity", "Hummingbird") *** [[2C-I]] ("Infinity") *** [[2C-T-2]] ("Rosy") *** [[2C-T-7]] ("Blue Mystic", "Lucky 7") *** [[2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine|DOB]] *** [[4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine|DOC]] *** [[2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine|DOI]] *** [[2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine|DOM]] ("Serenity, Tranquility, and Peace" ("STP")) *** [[3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine|MDMA]] ("Ecstasy", "E", "Molly", "Mandy", "MD", "Crystal Love") *** [[mescaline]] (found in [[peyote]] and ''[[Trichocereus macrogonus]]'' (Peruvian torch, San Pedro cactus)) ** [[Tryptamine]]s (including [[ergoline]]s and [[lysergamide]]s) *** [[5-MeO-DiPT]] ("Foxy", "Foxy Methoxy") *** [[5-MeO-DMT]] (found in various plants like [[chacruna]], [[Mimosa tenuiflora|jurema]], [[Anadenanthera colubrina|vilca]], and [[yopo]]) *** [[alpha-methyltryptamine]] (αMT; Indopan; "Spirals") *** [[bufotenin]] (secreted by ''[[Bufo alvarius]]'', also found in various ''[[Amanita]]'' mushrooms) *** [[N,N-dimethyltryptamine]] (N,N-DMT; DMT; "Dimitri", "Disneyland", "Spice"; found in large amounts in [[Psychotria]] and in [[Diplopterys cabrerana|D. cabrerana]]) *** [[lysergic acid amide]] (LSA; ergine; found in [[morning glory]] and [[Hawaiian baby woodrose]] seeds) *** [[lysergic acid diethylamide]] (LSD; L; Delysid; "Acid", "Sid". "Cid", "Lucy", "Sidney", "Blotters", "Droppers", "Sugar Cubes") ***[[O-Acetylpsilocin|''O''-Acetylpsilocin]] (believed to be a [[prodrug]] of psilocin) *** [[psilocin]] (found in psilocybin mushrooms) *** [[psilocybin]] (also found in psilocybin mushrooms; prodrug to psilocin) *** [[ibogaine]] (found in ''[[Tabernanthe iboga]]'' ("Iboga")) * Atypicals ** [[salvinorin A]] (found in ''Salvia divinorum'', a ''trans''-neoclerodane [[diterpenoid]] ("Diviner's Sage", "Lady Salvia", "Salvinorin")) ** [[tetrahydrocannabinol]] (found in [[cannabis (drug)|cannabis]])
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