Editing Rave (section)

===Germany===
{{See also|Love Parade|Technoparade|Techno|Hardcore (electronic dance music)|Happy hardcore|Gabber|Electronic body music}}
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 
| total_width = 200
| image1 = KW – Das Heizkraftwerk Nightclub Munich 3.jpg
| image2 = Franconia-Love-Truck 1995.jpg
| image3 = 
| caption1 = Ravers in a German techno club ([[KW – Das Heizkraftwerk|KW]] in Munich) in the 1990s
| caption2 = [[Love Parade]] 1995 in Berlin
| caption3 = 
| caption_align = center
| footer = 
| footer_align = centre
| alt1 = 
}}

In West Germany and [[West Berlin]], a substantial acid house scene had established itself in the late 1980s.<ref>Short [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpC0qlWKb_Q excerpt] from special on German "Tele 5" from Dec.8, 1988. The show is called "Tanzhouse" hosted by a young Fred Kogel. It includes footage from Hamburg's "Front" with Boris Dlugosch, Kemal Kurum's "Opera House" and the "Prinzenbar".</ref> In the West Berlin club [[Ufo (club, Berlin)|Ufo]], an illegal party venue located in the basement of an old apartment building, the first acid house parties took place in 1988.<ref name=ROBB>Robb, D. (2002), Techno in Germany: Its Musical Origins and Cultural Relevance, ''German as a Foreign Language Journal'', No.2, 2002, (p. 134).</ref><ref name="spiegel_20080731">{{cite news|title=The pioneering days of techno|url=http://www.spiegel.de/einestages/die-pioniertage-des-techno-a-949509.html|newspaper=Der Spiegel|date= 31 July 2008|access-date=25 February 2017| language=de}}</ref> In [[Munich]] at this time, the ''Negerhalle'' (1983–1989) and the ''ETA-Halle'' established themselves as the first acid house clubs in temporarily used, dilapidated industrial halls, marking the beginning of the so-called hall culture in Germany.<ref name="ertl">{{cite book |last=Ertl |first=Christian |title=Macht's den Krach leiser! Popkultur in München von 1945 bis heute |trans-title=Turn down the noise! Pop culture in Munich from 1945 to today |publisher=Allitera Verlag |date=2010 |isbn=978-3-86906-100-9 |language=de}}</ref><ref name="mjunikdisco">{{cite book |last1=Hecktor |first1=Mirko |last2=von Uslar |first2=Moritz |last3=Smith |first3=Patti |last4=Neumeister |first4=Andreas |date=1 November 2008 |title=Mjunik Disco – from 1949 to now |publisher=[[Blumenbar]] |isbn=978-3936738476 |pages=212, 225 |language=de}}</ref> In July 1989, the first [[Love Parade]] took place in West Berlin.<ref name="spiegel_20080731"/><ref name="munichfoundcom">{{cite web|title=Corpus Techno: The music of the future will soon be history |url=http://www.munichfound.com/archives/id/27/article/496/|publisher=MUNICHfound.com|date=July 1997|access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref>

Immediately after the [[Berlin Wall]] fell on 9 November 1989, free underground techno parties mushroomed in [[East Berlin]].<ref name=ROBB/> According to East German DJ [[Paul van Dyk]] the techno-based rave scene was a major force in re-establishing social connections between East and West Germany during the unification period.<ref>Messmer, S. (1998), ''Eierkuchensozialismus'', ''die Tageszeitung'', 10 July 1998, (p. 26).</ref> Soon the first techno clubs emerged in East Berlin such as the [[Tresor (club)|Tresor]] (est. 1991), the ''Planet'' (1991–1993), and the [[Bunker (Berlin)|Bunker]] (1992–1996).<ref>Henkel, O.; Wolff, K. (1996) ''Berlin Underground: Techno und Hiphop; Zwischen Mythos und Ausverkauf'', Berlin: FAB Verlag, (pp. 81–83).</ref> In [[Frankfurt]], the Omen opened in 1988, which under its operator [[Sven Väth]] became the center of the scene in the [[Frankfurt Rhine-Main|Rhein-Main]] area in the following years. In 1990, the [[Babalu Club]] opened in Munich, introducing the concept of [[afterhours club|afterhours]] in Germany.<ref name="spiegel_19960714">{{cite web |last1=Fischer |first1=Marc |last2=von Uslar |first2=Moritz |last3=Kracht |first3=Christian |last4=Roshani |first4=Anuschka |last5=Hüetlin |first5=Thomas |last6=Jardine |first6=Anja |url=https://www.spiegel.de/panorama/der-pure-sex-nur-besser-a-b27e6717-0002-0001-0000-000008947048 |title=Der pure Sex. Nur besser. |trans-title=The pure sex. Only better. |magazine=[[Der Spiegel]] |language=de |date=14 July 1996 |access-date=21 May 2022}}</ref>

In the late 1990s, the venues ''Tresor'' and [[E-Werk (Berlin)|E-Werk]] (1993–1997) in Berlin, ''Omen'' (1988–1998) and [[Dorian Gray (club)|Dorian Gray]] (1978–2000) in Frankfurt, [[Ultraschall]] (1994–2003), [[KW – Das Heizkraftwerk]] (1996–2003) and [[Natraj Temple]] (1996–2008) in Munich, as well as ''Stammheim'' (1994–2002) in [[Kassel]], had established themselves as the most renowned techno clubs in Germany.<ref name="ronaldhitzler">{{cite book |last1=Hitzler |first1=Ronald |last2=Pfadenhauer |first2=Michaela |last3=Hillebrandt |first3=Frank |last4=Kneer |first4=Georg |last5=Kraemer |first5=Klaus |title=Loss of safety? Lifestyles between multi-optionality and scarcity. |chapter=A posttraditional society: Integration and distinction within the techno scene |date=1998 |isbn=978-3-531-13228-0 |doi=10.1007/978-3-322-83316-7 |page=85|language=de}}</ref>

Parallel to the established club scene, illegal raves remained an integral part of the German rave scene throughout the 1990s. In urbanised Germany illegal raves and techno parties often preferred industrial sceneries such as decommissioned power stations, factories, the canalisation or former military properties of the cold war.<ref name="illegalraves">{{cite magazine|title=Youth: Love and Cabbage|url=http://magazin.spiegel.de/EpubDelivery/spiegel/pdf/9085950 | magazine=[[Der Spiegel]]|date= 26 August 1996|access-date=25 February 2017| language=de}}</ref>

In the course of the 1990s, rave culture became part of a new youth movement in Germany and Europe. DJs and electronic-music producers such as [[WestBam]] proclaimed the existence of a "raving society" and promoted [[electronic music]] as legitimate competition for [[rock and roll]]. Indeed, [[electronic dance music]] and rave subculture became mass movements. Since the mid-1990s, raves had tens of thousands of attendees, youth magazines featured styling tips, and television networks launched music magazines on house and techno music.<ref name="spiegel_special"/><ref name="munichfoundcom"/> The annual [[Love Parade]] festivals in Berlin and later the Metropolitan Ruhr area repeatedly attracted more than one million party-goers between 1997 and 2010. Dozens of other annual [[technoparade]]s took place in Germany and Central Europe in the 1990s and early 2000s, the largest ones being [[Union Move]], Generation Move, Reincarnation and Vision Parade as well as [[Street Parade]] and [[Lake Parade]] in Switzerland. Large commercial raves since the nineties include [[Mayday (music festival)|Mayday]], [[Nature One]], [[Time Warp Festival|Time Warp]], [[SonneMondSterne]] and [[Melt! Festival|Melt!]].<ref name="munichfoundcom"/>

Since the late 2000s, Berlin is still called the capital of techno and rave, and techno clubs such as [[Berghain]], [[Tresor (club)|Tresor]], [[KitKatClub]] or ''Watergate'' and the way to party in barely renovated venues, ruins or wooden shacks such as, among many others, [[Club der Visionaere]], ''Wilde Renate'', or [[Bar 25]], attracted international media attention.<ref name="nyt_berlin_23112014">{{cite news|title=In Berlin, Still Partying in the Ruins |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/23/travel/in-berlin-still-partying-in-the-ruins.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=21 November 2014|access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref> One movie that portraits the scene of the 2000s is [[Berlin Calling]] starring Paul Kalkbrenner. In the 2010s, there continued to be a vivid rave and techno scene throughout the country, including numerous festivals and world-class techno clubs also outside of Berlin, such as for example [[MMA Club]] and [[Blitz Club]] in Munich, ''Institut für Zukunft'' in Leipzig or ''Robert Johnson'' in Offenbach.<ref name=" electronicbeats">{{cite web |url= http://www.electronicbeats.net/10-best-clubs-germany-arent-berlin/ |title= The 10 best clubs in Germany that aren't in Berlin | publisher=[[Electronic Beats]] |date=30 January 2017 |access-date=31 August 2017}}</ref>