Editing Pump (section)

===Velocity pumps===
[[Image:Centrifugal 2.png|thumb|right|A [[centrifugal pump]] uses an [[impeller]] with backward-swept arms]]

[[Rotodynamic pump]]s (or dynamic pumps) are a type of velocity pump in which [[kinetic energy]] is added to the fluid by increasing the flow velocity. This increase in energy is converted to a gain in potential energy (pressure) when the velocity is reduced prior to or as the flow exits the pump into the discharge pipe. This conversion of kinetic energy to pressure is explained by the ''[[First law of thermodynamics]]'', or more specifically by ''[[Bernoulli's principle]]''.

Dynamic pumps can be further subdivided according to the means in which the velocity gain is achieved.<ref>[http://www.pumps.org/content_detail_pumps.aspx?id=1768 Welcome to the Hydraulic Institute] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727191500/http://www.pumps.org/content_detail_pumps.aspx?id=1768 |date=2011-07-27 }}. Pumps.org. Retrieved on 2011-05-25.</ref>

These types of pumps have a number of characteristics:
# Continuous energy
# Conversion of added energy to increase in [[kinetic energy]] (increase in velocity)
# Conversion of increased velocity (kinetic energy) to an increase in pressure head

A practical difference between dynamic and positive-displacement pumps is how they operate under closed valve conditions. Positive-displacement pumps physically displace fluid, so closing a valve downstream of a positive-displacement pump produces a continual pressure build up that can cause mechanical failure of pipeline or pump. Dynamic pumps differ in that they can be safely operated under closed valve conditions (for short periods of time).

====Radial-flow pump====
Such a pump is also referred to as a ''[[centrifugal pump]]''. The fluid enters along the axis or center, is accelerated by the impeller and exits at right angles to the shaft (radially); an example is the [[Centrifugal fan|centrifugal&nbsp;fan]], which is commonly used to implement a [[vacuum cleaner]]. Another type of radial-flow pump is a vortex pump. The liquid in them moves in tangential direction around the working wheel. The conversion from the [[mechanical energy]] of motor into the [[potential energy]] of flow comes by means of multiple whirls, which are excited by the impeller in the working channel of the pump. Generally, a radial-flow pump operates at higher pressures and lower flow rates than an axial- or a mixed-flow pump.

====Axial-flow pump====
{{Main article|Axial-flow pump}}

These are also referred to as ''all-fluid pumps''. The fluid is pushed outward or inward to move fluid axially.  They operate at much lower pressures and higher flow rates than radial-flow (centrifugal) pumps. Axial-flow pumps cannot be run up to speed without special precaution. If at a low flow rate, the total head rise and high torque associated with this pipe would mean that the starting torque would have to become a function of acceleration for the whole mass of liquid in the pipe system.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idmeb.org/contents/resource/80030b_15_23.pdf|title=Radial, mixed and axial flow pumps|date=June 2003|website=Institution of Diploma Marine Engineers, Bangladesh|access-date=2017-08-18|archive-date=2014-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308210404/http://www.idmeb.org/contents/resource/80030b_15_23.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Mixed-flow pumps function as a compromise between radial and axial-flow pumps. The fluid experiences both radial acceleration and lift and exits the impeller somewhere between 0 and 90 degrees from the axial direction.  As a consequence mixed-flow pumps operate at higher pressures than axial-flow pumps while delivering higher discharges than radial-flow pumps. The exit angle of the flow dictates the pressure head-discharge characteristic in relation to radial and mixed-flow.

====Regenerative turbine pump <span class="anchor" id="Peripheral pump"></span>====
[[File:Regenerative Turbine Pump Animatic.gif |thumb|right |alt=Regenerative turbine pump animation |Regenerative turbine pump animation]]
[[File:Close-up of a Regenerative Turbine Pump Impeller inside of a T51 Series pump from MTH Pumps.jpg|thumb|Close-up of a Regenerative Turbine Pump Impeller]]
Also known as '''drag''', '''friction''', '''[[liquid-ring pump]]''', '''peripheral''', '''traction''', '''turbulence''', or '''vortex''' pumps, regenerative turbine pumps are a class of [[rotodynamic pump]] that operates at high head pressures, typically {{convert|4|-|20|bar|kPa psi}}.<ref name="DORPUNET">{{cite journal
| vauthors = Quail F, Scanlon T, Stickland M
| title = Design optimisation of a regenerative pump using numerical and experimental techniques
| journal = International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow
| date = 2011-01-11
| volume = 21
| pages = 95–111
| doi = 10.1108/09615531111095094
| url = https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/8091/6/strathprints008091.pdf
| access-date = 2021-07-21
}}</ref>

The pump has an impeller with a number of vanes or paddles which spins in a cavity. The suction port and pressure ports are located at the perimeter of the cavity and are isolated by a barrier called a '''stripper''', which allows only the '''tip channel''' (fluid between the blades) to recirculate, and forces any fluid in the '''side channel''' (fluid in the cavity outside of the blades) through the pressure port. In a regenerative turbine pump, as fluid spirals repeatedly from a vane into the side channel and back to the next vane, kinetic energy is imparted to the periphery,<ref name="DORPUNET"/> thus pressure builds with each spiral, in a manner similar to a regenerative blower.<ref name= Roth>{{cite web |url= https://www.rothpump.com/regenerative-turbine-pump-little-pump-big-head.html |title= Regenerative Turbine Pump |work= rothpump.com |accessdate= 30 April 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url= https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=CFD+Analysis+of+Domestic+Centrifugal+Pump+for+Performance+Enhancement&btnG= |title= CFD Analysis of Domestic Centrifugal Pump for Performance Enhancement |last1= Rajmane |first1= M. Satish |last2 = Kallurkar |first2= S.P. |journal= International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology |volume= 02 / #02 |date= May 2015 |accessdate = 30 April 2021}}</ref><ref name= Ebsray>{{cite web |url= https://www.psgdover.com/docs/default-source/ebsray-docs/brochures/brochure-ebsray-rc-series-regenerative-turbine-pumps---rc20-rc25-rc40.pdf |title= Regenerative turbine pumps: product brochure |work= PSG Dover: Ebsra |pages=((3{{hyphen}}4{{hyphen}}7)) |accessdate= 30 April 2021}}</ref>

As regenerative turbine pumps cannot become [[vapor lock]]ed, they are commonly applied to volatile, hot, or cryogenic fluid transport. However, as tolerances are typically tight, they are vulnerable to solids or particles causing jamming or rapid wear. Efficiency is typically low, and pressure and power consumption typically decrease with flow. Additionally, pumping direction can be reversed by reversing direction of spin.<ref name= Ebsray/><ref name= Roth/><ref name= Dynaflow>{{cite web |url= http://dynafloweng.com/regenturbinepumps.html |title= Regenerative Turbine Pump vs Centrifugal Pump |work= Dyna Flow Engineering |accessdate= 30 April 2021 |archive-date= 30 April 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210430213419/http://dynafloweng.com/regenturbinepumps.html |url-status= dead }}</ref>

====Side-channel pump<span class="anchor" id="Side-channel pump"></span>====
A '''side-channel''' pump has a suction disk,  an impeller, and a discharge disk.<ref>{{cite web |title=What is a Side Channel Pump? |publisher=Michael Smith Engineers |url=https://www.michael-smith-engineers.co.uk/resources/useful-info/side-channel-pumps |accessdate=December 24, 2022}}</ref>

====Eductor-jet pump====
{{Main article|Eductor-jet pump}}

This uses a jet, often of steam, to create a low pressure. This low pressure sucks in fluid and propels it into a higher-pressure region.