Editing Post-traumatic stress disorder (section)

=== Assessment ===
[[Evidence-based assessment]] principles, including a multimethod assessment approach, form the foundation of PTSD assessment.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Bovin MJ, Marx BP, Schnurr PP |date=2015 |title=Evolving DSM Diagnostic Criteria for PTSD: Relevance for Assessment and Treatment |journal=[[Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry]] |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=86–98 |doi=10.1007/s40501-015-0032-y |quote=... the use of a multi-measure approach eliminates the bias associated with any given instrument .... |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Barnes JB, Presseau C, Jordan AH, Kline NK, Young-McCaughan S, Keane TM, Peterson AL, Litz BT |title=Common Data Elements in the Assessment of Military-Related PTSD Research Applied in the Consortium to Alleviate PTSD |journal=Military Medicine |volume=184 |issue=5–6 |pages=e218–e226 |date=May 2019 |pmid=30252077 |doi=10.1093/milmed/usy226 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |vauthors=Weathers FW, Keane TM, Foa EB |chapter=Assessment and Diagnosis of Adults |title=Effective Treatments for PTSD: Practice Guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies |edition=2nd |veditors=Foa EB, Keane TM, Friedman MJ |location=New York |publisher=Guilford |date=2009 |pages=23–61 |quote="Thus, ample resources are now available to conduct psychometrically sound assessments of trauma survivors in any context, and it is no longer defensible for clinicians to do otherwise.}}</ref>{{rp|25}} Those who conduct assessments for PTSD may use various clinician-administered interviews and instruments to provide an official PTSD diagnosis.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Weathers FW, Marx BP, Friedman MJ, Schnurr PP |title=Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in DSM-5: New Criteria, New Measures, and Implications for Assessment |journal=[[Psychological Injury and Law]] |date=2014 |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=93–107 |doi=10.1007/s12207-014-9191-1 |s2cid=16911948}}</ref> Some commonly used, reliable, and valid assessment instruments for PTSD diagnosis, in accordance with the DSM-5, include the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for the DSM-5 (CAPS-5), PTSD Symptom Scale Interview (PSS-I-5), and [[Structured Clinical Interview for DSM|Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5]] – PTSD Module (SCID-5 PTSD Module).<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Weathers FW, Bovin MJ, Lee DJ, Sloan DM, Schnurr PP, Kaloupek DG, Keane TM, Marx BP |title=The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5): Development and initial psychometric evaluation in military veterans |journal=Psychological Assessment |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=383–395 |date=March 2018 |pmid=28493729 |pmc=5805662 |doi=10.1037/pas0000486}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Karimi M, Rahnejat AM, Dabaghi P, Taghva A, Majdian M, Donyavi V, Shahed-HaghGhadam H |title=The Psychometric Properties of the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale–Interview Based on DSM-5, in Military Personnel Participated in Warfare |journal=[[Iranian Journal of War & Public Health]] |date=2020 |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=115–124 |doi=10.29252/ijwph.12.2.115 |s2cid=235026213|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Foa EB, Tolin DF |title=Comparison of the PTSD Symptom Scale-Interview Version and the Clinician-Administered PTSD scale |journal=Journal of Traumatic Stress |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=181–191 |date=April 2000 |pmid=10838669 |doi=10.1023/A:1007781909213 |s2cid=7913088}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |vauthors=First MB, Williams JB, Karg RS, Spitzer RL |title=Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders, Clinician Version (SCID-5-CV) |date=2016 |publisher=[[American Psychiatric Association]] |location=Arlington, VA |isbn=978-88-6030-885-6}}</ref>