Editing Population transfer (section)

===Canada===
{{Main|Expulsion of the Acadians}}
During the [[French and Indian War]] (the North American theatre of the [[Seven Years' War]] between Great Britain and France), the British forcibly relocated approximately 8,000 [[Acadians]] from the [[Canada|Canadian]] [[The Maritimes|Maritime Provinces]], first to the [[Thirteen Colonies]] and then to France. Thousands died of drowning, starvation, or illness as a result of the deportation. Some of the Acadians who had been relocated to France then emigrated to [[Louisiana]], where their descendants became part of the French-American cultural group known as [[Cajuns]].

Beginning with the [[Indian Act]], but underlying federal and provincial policies towards Indigenous peoples throughout the 1800s and 1900s, the Canadian Government pursued a deliberate policy of forced relocation against hundreds of Indigenous communities. The [[Canadian Indian residential school system]] and the [[Indian reserve]] system (which forced Indigenous peoples off traditional territories and into small parcels of crown land in order to establish agricultural and industrial developments, and to begin the process of [[settler colonialism]]) are key to this history and have been seen by many scholars as evidence of the government's intent to "extinguish Aboriginal title through administrative and bureaucratic means".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reserves |url=https://indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca/reserves/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca}}</ref> The efforts to displace Indigenous peoples from their traditional territories were also carried out by more brutal means. The [[Pass system (Canadian history)|Pass system]], which controlled the supply of food and resources, movement in and out of reserve lands, and all other aspects of Indigenous peoples' lives, was implemented via the Indian Act in direct response to the 1885 [[North-West Rebellion]], in which Cree, Metis, and other Indigenous peoples resisted the seizure of land and rights by the government. The [[North-West Mounted Police]], precursor to the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]], were likewise established as a direct response to Indigenous resistance against colonialism. Their purview was to carry out [[John A. Macdonald|John A. Macdonald's]] colonial and national policies, especially in [[Rupert's Land]], what would become the Prairie provinces. 

The [[High Arctic relocation]] took place during the Cold War in the 1950s, when 87 Inuit were moved by the Government of Canada to the High Arctic. The relocation has been a source of controversy, and is an understudied aspect of forced migration instigated by the Canadian federal government to assert its sovereignty in the [[Northern Canada#Sub-divisions|Far North]] against the Soviet Union. Relocated Inuit peoples were not given sufficient support and were not given a say in their relocation.

Numerous other [[indigenous peoples of Canada]] have been forced to relocate their communities to different reserve lands, including the [['Nak'waxda'xw]] in 1964.

====Japanese Canadian internment====
{{Main|Japanese Canadian internment}}
Japanese Canadian Internment refers to the detainment of Japanese Canadians following the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]] and the Canadian declaration of war on Japan during World War II. The forced relocation subjected Japanese Canadians to government-enforced curfews and interrogations and job and property losses. The internment of Japanese Canadians was ordered by Prime Minister [[Mackenzie King]], largely because of existing racism. However, evidence supplied by the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] and the [[Department of National Defence (Canada)|Department of National Defence]] show that the decision was unwarranted.

Until 1949, four years after World War II had ended, all persons of Japanese heritage were systematically removed from their homes and businesses and sent to internment camps. The Canadian government shut down all Japanese-language newspapers, took possession of businesses and fishing boats, and effectively sold them. To fund the internment itself, vehicles, houses, and personal belongings were also sold.