Editing Political corruption (section)

===Involvement in organized crime===
[[File: Milo Ðukanović 2016.jpg|thumb|upright|Montenegro's president [[Milo Đukanović]] is often described as having strong links to [[Montenegrin mafia]].<ref>"[https://www.occrp.org/personoftheyear/2015/ OCCRP announces 2015 Organized Crime and Corruption ‘Person of the Year' Award]". [[Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]].</ref>]]
An illustrative example of official involvement in [[organized crime]] can be found from the 1920s and 1930s [[Shanghai]], where Huang Jinrong was a police chief in the [[French concession]], while simultaneously being a gang boss and co-operating with [[Du Yuesheng]], the [[Green Gang|local gang]] ringleader. The relationship kept the flow of profits from the gang's gambling dens, prostitution, and protection rackets undisturbed and safe.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}} The United States accused [[Manuel Noriega]]'s government in [[Panama]] of being a "[[narcokleptocracy]]", a corrupt government profiting on [[illegal drug trade]].<ref>Subcommittee on Terrorism, Narcotics and International Operations, [[United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations|Committee on Foreign Relations]], [[United States Senate]] (December 1988). [https://web.archive.org/web/20161007161802/http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB113/north06.pdf "Panama"] (PDF). ''Drugs, Law Enforcement and Foreign Policy: A Report''. S. Prt. Vol. 100–165. Washington, D.C.: [[United States Government Publishing Office|United States Government Printing Office]] (published 1989). p. 83. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]] 19806126. Archived from [http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB113/north06.pdf the original] (PDF) on October 7, 2016.</ref> Later the U.S. invaded Panama and captured Noriega.