Editing Phanerozoic (section)

==Climate==
Across the Phanerozoic, the dominant driver of long-term climatic change was the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Royer |first1=Dana L. |last2=Berner |first2=Robert A. |last3=Montañez |first3=Isabel P. |last4=Tabor |first4=Neil J. |last5=Beerling |first5=David J. |date=March 2004 |title=CO2 as a primary driver of Phanerozoic climate |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236004375 |journal=[[Geological Society of America Today]] |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=3–7 |doi=10.1130/1052-5173(2004)014<4:CAAPDO>2.0.CO;2 |doi-access=free }}</ref> though some studies have suggested a decoupling of carbon dioxide and palaeotemperature, particularly during cold intervals of the Phanerozoic.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Veizer |first1=Ján |last2=Godderis |first2=Yves |last3=François |first3=Louis M. |date=7 December 2000 |title=Evidence for decoupling of atmospheric CO2 and global climate during the Phanerozoic eon |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/35047044 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |language=en |volume=408 |issue=6813 |pages=698–701 |doi=10.1038/35047044 |pmid=11130067 |s2cid=4372892 |issn=1476-4687 |access-date=25 November 2023 |archive-date=26 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126002531/https://www.nature.com/articles/35047044 |url-status=live }}</ref> Phanerozoic carbon dioxide concentrations have been governed partially by a 26 million year oceanic crustal cycle.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Müller |first1=R. Dietmar |last2=Dutkiewicz |first2=Adriana |date=2 February 2018 |title=Oceanic crustal carbon cycle drives 26-million-year atmospheric carbon dioxide periodicities |journal=[[Science Advances]] |language=en |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=eaaq0500 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aaq0500 |issn=2375-2548 |pmc=5812735 |pmid=29457135 }}</ref> Since the Devonian, large swings in carbon dioxide of 2,000 ppm or more were uncommon over short timescales.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Franks |first1=Peter J. |last2=Royer |first2=Dana L. |last3=Beerling |first3=David J. |last4=Van de Water |first4=Peter K. |last5=Cantrill |first5=David J. |last6=Barbour |first6=Margaret M. |last7=Berry |first7=Joseph A. |date=16 July 2014 |title=New constraints on atmospheric CO 2 concentration for the Phanerozoic |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014GL060457 |journal=[[Geophysical Research Letters]] |language=en |volume=41 |issue=13 |pages=4685–4694 |doi=10.1002/2014GL060457 |hdl=10211.3/200431 |s2cid=55701037 |issn=0094-8276 |access-date=25 November 2023 |archive-date=26 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126002530/https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014GL060457 |url-status=live }}</ref> Variations in global temperature were limited by negative feedbacks in the [[phosphorus cycle]], wherein increased [[phosphorus]] input into the ocean would increase surficial biological productivity that would in turn enhance iron redox cycling and thus remove phosphorus from seawater; this maintained a relatively stable rate of removal of carbon from the atmosphere and ocean via organic carbon burial.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Ruimin |last2=Lang |first2=Xianguo |last3=Ding |first3=Weiming |last4=Liu |first4=Yarong |last5=Huang |first5=Tianzheng |last6=Tang |first6=Wenbo |last7=Shen |first7=Bing |date=2 April 2020 |title=The coupling of Phanerozoic continental weathering and marine phosphorus cycle |journal=[[Scientific Reports]] |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=5794 |doi=10.1038/s41598-020-62816-z |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=7118102 |pmid=32242080 |bibcode=2020NatSR..10.5794W }}</ref> The climate also controlled the availability of phosphate through its regulation of rates of continental and seafloor weathering.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sharoni |first=Shlomit |last2=Halevy |first2=Itay |date=22 December 2022 |title=Rates of seafloor and continental weathering govern Phanerozoic marine phosphate levels |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-022-01075-1 |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |language=en |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=75–81 |doi=10.1038/s41561-022-01075-1 |issn=1752-0908 |access-date=23 December 2023 |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118050553/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-022-01075-1 |url-status=live }}</ref> Major global temperature variations of >7&nbsp;°C during the Phanerozoic were strongly associated with mass extinctions.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kaiho |first=Kunio |date=22 July 2022 |title=Relationship between extinction magnitude and climate change during major marine and terrestrial animal crises |url=https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/19/3369/2022/ |journal=[[Biogeosciences]] |language=en |volume=19 |issue=14 |pages=3369–3380 |doi=10.5194/bg-19-3369-2022 |issn=1726-4189 |access-date=25 November 2023 |doi-access=free |archive-date=11 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511171400/https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/19/3369/2022/ |url-status=live }}</ref>