Editing Patronymic (section)

===West Asia===

==== Armenian ====
{{main|Armenian surnames}}
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The use of patronymics was introduced in Armenia by Russians during the times of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. Before that period, the use of patronymics was very limited. Patronymics are usually formed by the addition of "i" ("of", pronounced as ''ee'') to the father's name, e.g. if the father's name is "Armen", the corresponding patronymic would be "Armeni" (of Armen). The Russified version of the same patronymic would be "Armenovich" for males and "Armenovna" for females. After Armenia regained its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991 there was a massive decline in the use of Russified patronymics; nowadays few Armenians use patronymics outside of official contexts.

Many Armenian surnames were once patronymics first used by distant ancestors or clan founders. These are characterized by the suffix "-ian" in Western Armenian, often transliterated as "-yan" in Eastern Armenian. These are appended to the given name, i.e. Kardash'''ian''', Asdvadzadour'''ian''', Tank'''ian''', Hagop'''ian''', Khachadour'''ian''', Mardiros'''ian''', Bedros'''ian''', Sarkiss'''ian''', etc. Note that the suffix "-ian" was also appended to trades, as in Adakhtsakordz'''ian''' (issued from the carpenter), Chal'''ian''' (issued from the candlemaker), Darbin'''ian''' (issued from the smith).

Of particular note are the surnames of the children of married priests, or {{lang|hy|kahanas|italic=no}}. Though not as common nowadays, it was customary for a long time for these children (particularly the sons) to change their last names to the name-in-religion of their father. For example, the son of Ter (Reverend) Bartev would change his last name to Ter Bartevian.

==== Azerbaijani ====
{{Unreferenced section|date=December 2013}}
In [[Azerbaijani language|Azeri]], patronymics are formed through ''[[:wikt:oğul|-oğlu]]'' (sometimes transliterated as ''ogly'') for males and ''[[:wikt:qız|qızı]]'' (often transliterated as ''gizi'' or ''kizi'') for females. Before the late 19th–early 20th century, patronymics were used as an essential part of a person's full name, i.e. ''Sərdar İlyas oğlu'' ("Sardar, son of Ilyas") and ''Mina Nebi qızı'' ("Mina, daughter of Nabi"), since surnames were mostly non-existent before [[Sovietization]] (with the exception of the upper and some middle-class families). After surnames were commonly adopted in [[Azerbaijan]] in the 1920s, patronymics still remained parts of full names, i.e. ''Sardar Ilyas oğlu Aliyev'' ("Sardar Aliyev, son of Ilyas"). Nowadays in Azerbaijan, patronymics sometimes replace surnames in unofficial use. Normally in such case, they are spelled as one word (i.e. ''Eldar Mammadoğlu'', ''Sabina Yusifqızı''). Many Azeri surnames are also derived from Persian-style patronymics ending in ''-zadeh'' (''Kazimzadeh'', ''Mehdizadeh'', etc.). They are found among both Caucasian and Iranian Azeris. However, unlike the former, Azeris in Iran do not generally use patronymics in ''oglu'' / ''qizi''. Azeri patronymics are not to be confused with [[Turkish language|Turkish]] surnames in ''-oğlu'' and [[Greek language|Greek]] surnames in -ογλού (''-oglou''), which do not have specific female versions and do not reflect names of fathers.

====Semitic cultures====
A common feature of historical Semitic names is use of a patronymic system. Since ancient times, men and women have been named using this system. This was not limited to any certain region or religion. It was only in the 17th and 18th centuries when laws were put in place in European nations demanded that those of Semitic descent abandoned the patronymic naming scheme in favor of consistent legal surnames. It was only after these laws were ratified that most of the Jews and Muslims in these nations received surnames.

===== Arabic =====
{{See also|Arabic name#Nasab}}
In Arabic, the word {{Transliteration|ar|[[#Arabic|ibn]]}} ({{lang|ar|ابن}} or {{lang|ar|بن}}: {{Transliteration|ar|bin}}, {{Transliteration|ar|ben}} and sometimes {{Transliteration|ar|ibni}} and {{Transliteration|ar|ibnu}} to show the [[Arabic nouns and adjectives#Case|grammatical case]] of the noun) is the equivalent of the "-son" suffix discussed above, and {{Transliteration|ar|[[Wiktionary:bint|bint]]}} ({{lang|ar|بنت}}) means "daughter of". Thus, for example, {{Transliteration|ar|Ali ibn ʿAmr}} means "Ali son of ʿAmr". In Classical Arabic, the word {{Transliteration|ar|ibn}} is written as {{Transliteration|ar|bn}} between two names, since the case ending of the first name then supplies a vowel. {{Transliteration|ar|Ibn}} is often written as {{Transliteration|ar|b.}}, and {{Transliteration|ar|bint}} as {{Transliteration|ar|bt.}}, in name formulas [[Romanization of Arabic|rendered from Arabic into Roman characters]]. Thus Hisham ibn al-Kalbi is alternatively written as {{Transliteration|ar|Hisham b. al-Kalbi}}. However, the pronunciation {{Transliteration|ar|bin}} is dialectal and has nothing to do with either the spelling or pronunciation in Classical Arabic. The word {{Transliteration|ar|Abu}} ({{Transliteration|ar|Aba}} or {{Transliteration|ar|Abi}} in different grammatical cases) means "father of", so {{Transliteration|ar|Abu ʿAli}} is another name for {{Transliteration|ar|ʿAmr}}.
In [[Northwest Africa]], the patronymic is romanized as {{Transliteration|ar|ben}}, reflecting [[Maghrebi Arabic|local pronunciation]]. See for example {{Transliteration|arq|[[Ahmed Ben Bella]]}} ({{lang|arq|أحمد بن بلّة|rtl=yes}}) and ''[[Zine El Abidine Ben Ali|Ben Ali]]'' ({{lang|arq|بن علي|rtl=yes}}).

In medieval times, an [[Illegitimacy|illegitimate child]] of unknown parentage would sometimes be termed {{Transliteration|ar|ibn Abihi}}, "son of his father" (notably [[Ziyad ibn Abihi]].) In the [[Qur'an]], Jesus ([[Islamic view of Jesus|Isa]] in Arabic) is consistently termed {{Transliteration|ar|Isa ibn Maryam}} – a [[matronymic]] (in the Qur'an, Jesus [[Parthenogenesis|has no father]]; see [[Jesus in Islam]]). An Arabic patronymic can be extended as far back as family tree records will allow: thus, for example, [[Ibn Khaldun]] gave his own full name as {{Transliteration|ar|Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Jabir ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn ʿAbd ar-Rahman ibn Khaldun}}.

Patronymics are still standard in parts of the Arab world, notably Saudi Arabia and Iraq (in the case of Iraq, with {{Transliteration|ar|ibn}} or {{Transliteration|ar|bint}} omitted.) However, some of the Arab world has switched to a family name system.{{When|date=May 2015}}  As in English, the new family names are sometimes based on what was formerly a patronymic. The form most used in the Arab world is the usage of both the patronymic and a family name, often using both the father's and paternal grandfathers given name in sequence after the own given name, and then the family name. In Iraq, for example, full names are formed by combining the given name of an individual with the given name of their father (sometimes the father is skipped and the paternal grandfather's given name is used instead, sometimes both father and paternal grandfather are used), along with the town, village, or clan name. For instance, Hayder Karar Hussein al-Mousawi is named Hayder, the son of Karrar, the grandson of Hussein, and from the family of Mousawi (This is the surname given to the offspring of the Imam [[Musa al-Kazim]]). 
In Saudi Arabia, naming conventions are similar to Iraq's but family names are used much more often.

===== Aramaic =====
In [[Aramaic language|Aramaic]], the prefix '''''bar-''''' means "son" and is used as a prefix meaning "son of". In the Bible, [[Saint Peter|Peter]] is called Bar-Jonah in [[Matthew 16:17]] and [[Nathanael (follower of Jesus)|Nathanael]] is possibly called [[Bartholomew the Apostle|Bartholomew]] because he is the son of Tolmai (or son of Ptolemy, with "P" being reduced). The titles can also be figurative, for example in [[Book of Acts|Acts]] 4:36–37 a man named Joseph is called [[Barnabas]] meaning "son of consolation". The feminine equivalent, '''''b'rat-''''', is found in the [[Targum]]im.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jastrow, בַּר II 1 |url=https://www.sefaria.org/Jastrow,_%D7%91%D6%B7%D6%BC%D7%A8_II.1?ven=London,_Luzac,_1903&lang=he |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=www.sefaria.org}}</ref>

[[Mandaean name]]s also often make use of the prefix ''bar-''.<ref name="Buckley2010">{{cite book|last=Buckley|first=Jorunn Jacobsen|title=The great stem of souls: reconstructing Mandaean history|publisher=Gorgias Press|publication-place=Piscataway, N.J|year=2010|isbn=978-1-59333-621-9}}</ref>

===== Hebrew =====
{{further|Jewish name}}

In the Hebrew patronymic system, commonly used by Jews, the first name is followed by '''''[[Ben (Hebrew)|ben-]]''''' ("son of") or '''''bat-''''' ("daughter of"), and then the father's or mother's name, or both.

===== Assyrian =====
The [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]] for centuries have used the patronymic '''''bet''''' or '''''bit''''' literally meaning "house" in [[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic]]; however, in the context of the name it means "from the house of [the father's name]."

==== Persian ====
In [[Persian language|Persian]], patronymics {{lang|fa|پَسوَند}} are formed by names ending with the suffix "-pur" {{lang|fa|پور}} for men and "-dokht" {{lang|fa|دُخت}} for women. For example: Shahpur (son of king) and Sinapur (son of Sina). Depending on country, some suffixes are more common than others. For example, in [[Iran]], the suffix "-pur" is common while in [[Afghanistan]], the suffix "-Zadah" {{lang|fa|زاده}} or "-Zad" {{lang|fa|زاد}} is common, although --[[Zadeh]] is common in Iran.

==== Kurdish ====
In [[Kurdish Language]], generally, a triple name system is used which is patronymic and avonymic. That is the name of the individual followed by the father's name and the paternal grandfather's name without any modification of the names and are completely gender neutral. This style of naming is used in all official documentation in the [[Iraqi Kurdistan Region]]. Surnames are not officially used and most people do not even have a surname or family name, those who do, they usually derive their surnames from the name of their place of birth, place of origin, clan or tribe names, etc. The Kurdish names in Turkey, Iran and Syria are heavily influenced by the official naming systems in the respective countries.