Editing Paris (section)

==Demographics==
{{Main|Demographics of Paris}}
[[File:Paris population pyramid.svg|thumb|City of Paris population pyramid in 2022]]
{{Collapsible Table Paris Region top countries & territories of birth}}
The population of the City of Paris was 2,102,650 in January 2023, down from 2,165,423 in January 2022, according to the [[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|INSEE]], the French statistical agency. Between 2013 and 2023, the population fell by 122,919, or about five percent. The Mayor of Paris, [[Anne Hidalgo]], declared that this illustrated the "de-densification" of the city, creating more green space and less crowding.<ref>"Paris Population Shrank By 122,000 Over Past Decade","Forbes Magazine", 24 February 2023</ref><ref>"Le Parisien, "Paris n'attire plus comme autrefois: année apres année, Paris perd des habitants": Le Parisien, 30 December 2021</ref> Despite the drop, Paris remains the most densely-populated city in Europe, with 252 residents per hectare, not counting parks.<ref name="Le Monde, 22 January 2019">''Le Monde'', 22 January 2019</ref> This drop was attributed partly to a lower birth rate, the departure of middle-class residents and the possible loss of housing in Paris, due to short-term rentals for tourism.<ref name="ReferenceA">"Paris perd ses habitants, la faute à la démographie et aux... meublés touristiques pour la Ville." ''Le Parisien'', 28 December 2017</ref>

Paris is the fourth largest municipality in the European Union, after [[Berlin]], [[Madrid]] and [[Rome]]. [[Eurostat]] places Paris (6.5 million people) behind London (8 million) and ahead of Berlin (3.5 million), based on the 2012 populations of what Eurostat calls "urban audit core cities".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Statistics_on_European_cities |title=Statistics on European cities |publisher=Eurostat |access-date=28 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114142816/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Statistics_on_European_cities |archive-date=14 November 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>
The population of Paris today is lower than its historical peak of 2.9 million in 1921.<ref>{{Cassini-Ehess|26207|Paris}}</ref> The principal reasons are a significant decline in household size, and a dramatic migration of residents to the suburbs between 1962 and 1975. Factors in the migration included [[de-industrialisation]], high rent, the [[gentrification]] of many inner quarters, the transformation of living space into offices, and greater affluence among working families. Paris's population loss came to a temporary halt at the beginning of the 21st century. The population increased from 2,125,246 in 1999 to 2,240,621 in 2012, before declining again slightly in 2017, 2018, and again in 2021.<ref>"Le Parisien", "Paris n'attire plus comme autrefois: année apres année, Paris perd des habitants": Le Parisien, 30 December 2021</ref><ref name="pophis">{{cite web |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-75056 |title=Population en historique depuis 1968: Commune de Paris (75056) |author=Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques |access-date=11 September 2020 |language=fr |author-link=INSEE |archive-date=15 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215061844/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-75056 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Paris is the core of a built-up area that extends well beyond its limits: commonly referred to as the ''agglomération Parisienne'', and statistically as a ''[[unité urbaine]]'' (a measure of [[urban area]]), the Paris agglomeration's population of 10,785,092 in 2017 made it the [[List of urban areas in the European Union|largest urban area in the European Union]].<ref name=pop_UU>{{cite web |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=UU2020-00851 |title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2017: Unité urbaine 2020 de Paris (00851) |author=INSEE |access-date=17 June 2022 |language=fr |author-link=INSEE |archive-date=17 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617121211/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=UU2020-00851 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=urbaneurope>{{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-statistical-books/-/KS-01-16-691 |title=Urban Europe — Statistics on cities, towns and suburbs |date=2016 |access-date=11 September 2020 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012194422/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-statistical-books/-/KS-01-16-691 |url-status=live}}</ref> City-influenced commuter activity reaches further, in a statistical [[Paris Metropolitan Area|''aire d'attraction'' de Paris]], "functional area", a statistical method comparable to a [[metropolitan area]],<ref name=FU>{{cite web |url=https://www.insee.fr/en/metadonnees/definition/c2173 |title=Functional areas – Definition |publisher=[[INSEE]] |access-date=17 June 2022 |archive-date=9 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409035813/https://www.insee.fr/en/metadonnees/definition/c2173 |url-status=live }}</ref>), that had a population of 13,024,518 in 2017,<ref name=pop_AU>{{cite web |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=AAV2020-001 |title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2017: Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Paris (001) |author=INSEE |access-date=17 June 2022 |language=fr |author-link=INSEE |archive-date=17 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617120814/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=AAV2020-001 |url-status=live }}</ref> 19.6% of the population of France,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=FE-1 |title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2017: France entière |author=INSEE |access-date=11 September 2020 |language=fr |author-link=INSEE |archive-date=17 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117195634/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=FE-1 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[List of metropolitan areas in Europe|largest metropolitan area]] in the [[Eurozone]].<ref name=urbaneurope/>

In 2012, according to [[Eurostat]], the EU statistical agency, in 2012 the Commune of Paris was the most densely populated city in the European Union. There were 21,616 people per square kilometre within the city limits, the NUTS-3 statistical area, ahead of Inner London West, which had 10,374 people per square kilometre. In the same census, three departments bordering Paris, [[Hauts-de-Seine]], [[Seine-Saint-Denis]] and [[Val-de-Marne]], had population densities of over 10,000 people per square kilometre, ranking among the 10 most densely populated areas of the EU.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Population_statistics_at_regional_level |title=Population statistics at regional level |publisher=Eurostat |date=25 March 2015 |access-date=3 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407164439/http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Population_statistics_at_regional_level |archive-date=7 April 2015}}</ref>{{verify source|date=June 2019 |reason=Old data, 2012 does not match with report date (March 2014). Current report could be different.}}

===Migration===
Under French law, people born in foreign countries with no French citizenship at birth are defined as immigrants. In the 2012 census, 135,853 residents of the City of Paris were immigrants from [[Europe]], 112,369 were immigrants from the [[Maghreb]], 70,852 from [[sub-Saharan Africa]] and [[Egypt]], 5,059 from [[Turkey]], 91,297 from [[Asia]] outside Turkey, 38,858 from the [[Americas]], and 1,365 from the [[Oceania|South Pacific]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau_local.asp?ref_id=IMG1B&millesime=2012&niveau=2&nivgeo=DEP&codgeo=75 |title=Les immigrés par sexe, âge et pays de naissance – Département de Paris (75) |trans-title=Immigrants by sex, age and country of birth – Department of Paris (75)|work=[[Insee]] |access-date=19 November 2015 |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101095821/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau_local.asp?ref_id=IMG1B&millesime=2012&niveau=2&nivgeo=DEP&codgeo=75 |archive-date=1 January 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In the Paris Region, 590,504 residents were immigrants from Europe, 627,078 were immigrants from the Maghreb, 435,339 from sub-Saharan Africa and Egypt, 69,338 from Turkey, 322,330 from Asia outside Turkey, 113,363 from the Americas, and 2,261 from the South Pacific.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau_local.asp?ref_id=IMG1B&millesime=2012&niveau=2&nivgeo=REG&codgeo=11 |title=Les immigrés par sexe, âge et pays de naissance – Région d'Île-de-France (11) |trans-title=Immigrants by sex, age and country of birth – Île-de-France region (11) |work=[[Insee]] |access-date=19 November 2015 |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101095821/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau_local.asp?ref_id=IMG1B&millesime=2012&niveau=2&nivgeo=REG&codgeo=11 |archive-date=1 January 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2012, there were 8,810 British citizens and 10,019 United States citizens living in the City of Paris (Ville de Paris), and 20,466 British citizens and 16,408 United States citizens living in the entire Paris Region ([[Île-de-France]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau_local.asp?ref_id=NAT1&millesime=2012&niveau=3&nivgeo=REG&codgeo=11 |title=Population par sexe, âge et nationalité – Région d'Île-de-France (11) |trans-title=Population by sex, age and nationality – Île-de-France region (11) |work=[[Insee]] |access-date=20 November 2015 |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101095821/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau_local.asp?ref_id=NAT1&millesime=2012&niveau=3&nivgeo=REG&codgeo=11 |archive-date=1 January 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau_local.asp?ref_id=NAT1&millesime=2012&niveau=3&nivgeo=DEP&codgeo=75 |title=Population par sexe, âge et nationalité – Département de Paris (75) |trans-title=Population by sex, age and nationality – Department of Paris (75) |work=[[Insee]] |access-date=20 November 2015 |language=fr |author-link=INSEE |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101095821/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau_local.asp?ref_id=NAT1&millesime=2012&niveau=3&nivgeo=DEP&codgeo=75 |archive-date=1 January 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2020–2021, about 6 million people, or 41% of the population of the Paris Region, were either immigrants (21%) or had at least one immigrant parent (20%). These figures do not include French people born in Overseas France and their direct descendants.<ref>{{cite web |title=Localisation des immigrés et des descendants d'immigrés |trans-title=Location of immigrants and descendants of immigrants |language=fr |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6793282?sommaire=6793391 |work=[[Insee]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012045430/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6793282?sommaire=6793391 |archive-date=12 October 2023 |url-status=live |access-date=28 September 2023}}</ref>

===Religion===
{{See also|Religious buildings in Paris}}
[[File:Le_sacre_coeur.jpg|thumb|[[Sacré-Cœur, Paris|Sacré-Cœur]] in [[Montmartre]]]]

At the beginning of the twentieth century, Paris was the largest [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] city in the world.<ref>{{cite book |title=Catholicism and Politics in Argentina, 1810–1960 |first=Austen |last=Ivereigh |date=2016 |isbn=978-1-349-13618-6 |page=76 |publisher=Springer |quote=Buenos Aires was the second largest Catholic city in the world (after Paris)}}</ref> French census data does not contain information about religious affiliation.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mPibBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA188 |title=After Integration: Islam, Conviviality and Contentious Politics in Europe |last1=Burchardt |first1=Marian |last2=Michalowski |first2=Ines |date=26 November 2014 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-658-02594-6 |language=en |access-date=30 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001032126/https://books.google.fr/books?id=mPibBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA188 |archive-date=1 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> In a 2011 survey by the [[Institut français d'opinion publique]] (IFOP), a French public opinion research organisation, 61 percent of residents of the Paris Region (Île-de-France) identified themselves as [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]]. In the same survey, 7 percent of residents identified themselves as Muslims, 4 percent as Protestants, 2 percent as Jewish and 25 percent as without religion.

According to the INSEE, between 4 and 5 million French residents were born, or had at least one parent born, in a predominantly Muslim country, particularly [[Algeria]], [[Morocco]] and [[Tunisia]]. An IFOP survey in 2008 reported that, of immigrants from these predominantly Muslim countries, 25 percent went to the mosque regularly. 41 percent practised the religion, and 34 percent were believers, but did not practice the religion.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2015/01/21/que-pese-l-islam-en-france_4559859_4355770.html |title=que pese l'Islam en France |work=Le Monde |date=21 January 2015 |language=fr |access-date=13 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127053220/http://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2015/01/21/que-pese-l-islam-en-france_4559859_4355770.html |archive-date=27 November 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://plus.lefigaro.fr/note/how-does-france-count-its-muslim-population-20110407-435643 |title=How does France count its muslim population? |work=Le Figaro |access-date=30 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105002152/http://plus.lefigaro.fr/note/how-does-france-count-its-muslim-population-20110407-435643 |archive-date=5 November 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2012 and 2013, it was estimated that there were almost 500,000 Muslims in the City of Paris, 1.5 million Muslims in the Île-de-France region and 4 to 5 million Muslims in France.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.francesoir.fr/actualite/societe/dalil-boubakeur-%E2%80%9Cil-faut-doubler-nombre-mosquees-en-france%E2%80%9D-54083.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128112504/http://archive.francesoir.fr/actualite/societe/dalil-boubakeur-%E2%80%9Cil-faut-doubler-nombre-mosquees-en-france%E2%80%9D-54083.html |url-status=live |archive-date=28 January 2015 |title=Interview with Dalil Boubakeur |work=Le Soir |language=fr |access-date=13 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Riou |first1=Mathilde |title=Le manque de mosquée en Ile-de-France |url=http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/paris-ile-de-france/2013/04/29/le-manque-de-mosquee-en-ile-de-france-243225.html |access-date=17 November 2017 |work=France 3 |date=29 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117174949/http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/paris-ile-de-france/2013/04/29/le-manque-de-mosquee-en-ile-de-france-243225.html |archive-date=17 November 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2014, the Jewish population of the Paris Region was estimated to be 282,000, the largest concentration of Jews in the world outside of [[Israel]] and the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishdatabank.org/Studies/details.cfm?StudyID=776 |title=World Jewish Population 2014 |author=Berman Jewish Databank |access-date=13 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104100328/http://jewishdatabank.org/Studies/details.cfm?StudyID=776 |archive-date=4 November 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>