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===Habitat=== [[File:Upper Omo River Valley, Ethiopia (12562049655).jpg|thumb|upright|Modern-day [[Omo River]] Valley]] It is generally thought that ''Paranthropus'' preferred to inhabit wooded, riverine landscapes.<ref name=Cerling2011/> The teeth of ''Paranthropus'', ''H. habilis'' and ''[[H. erectus]]'' are all known from various overlapping beds in East Africa, such as at Olduvai Gorge<ref>{{cite journal|first=R. J.|last=Clarke|year=2012|title=A ''Homo habilis'' maxilla and other newly-discovered hominid fossils from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania|journal=Journal of Human Evolution|volume=63|issue=2|pages=418–428|doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.11.007|pmid=22561056|bibcode=2012JHumE..63..418C }}</ref> and the [[Turkana Basin]].<ref name="Lague2019"/> ''P. robustus'' and ''H. erectus'' also appear to have coexisted.<ref name=Susman2001/><ref name=Pickering/> ''P. boisei'', known from the Great Rift Valley, may have typically inhabited wetlands along lakes and rivers, wooded or arid [[shrubland]]s, and semiarid woodlands,<ref name=Cerling2011/> though their presence in the savanna-dominated Malawian [[Chiwondo Beds]] implies they could tolerate a range of habitats.<ref name=Bocherens>{{cite journal|first1=H.|last1=Bocherens|first2=O.|last2=Sandrock|first3=O.|last3=Kullmer|first4=F.|last4=Schrenk|year=2011|title=Hominin palaeoecology in late Pliocene Malawi: first insights from isotopes (<sup>13</sup>C, <sup>18</sup>O) in mammal teeth|journal=South African Journal of Science|volume=107|issue=3–4|pages=1–6|doi=10.4102/sajs.v107i3/4.331|doi-access=free}}</ref> During the Pleistocene, there seem to have been coastal and montane forests in Eastern Africa. More expansive river valleys—namely the [[Omo River]] Valley—may have served as important refuges for forest-dwelling creatures. Being cut off from the forests of Central Africa by a savanna corridor, these East African forests would have promoted high rates of [[endemism]], especially during times of climatic volatility.<ref>{{cite journal|first=R.|last=Bobe|year=2006|title=The evolution of arid ecosystems in eastern Africa|journal=Journal of Arid Environments|volume=66|issue=3|pages=564–584|doi=10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.01.010|bibcode=2006JArEn..66..564B}}</ref> The Cradle of Humankind, the only area ''P. robustus'' is known from, was mainly dominated by the [[springbok]] ''Antidorcas recki'', but other antelope, [[Giraffidae|giraffes]] and [[Elephantidae|elephants]] were also seemingly abundant megafauna. Other known primates are early ''Homo'', the [[hamadryas baboon]], and the extinct [[colobine]] monkey ''[[Cercopithecoides williamsi]]''.<ref name=Adams>{{cite journal|first1=J. W.|last1=Adams|first2=D. S.|last2=Rovinsky|first3=A. I. R.|last3=Herries|first4=C. G.|last4=Menter|year=2016|title=Macromammalian faunas, biochronology and palaeoecology of the early Pleistocene Main Quarry hominin-bearing deposits of the Drimolen Palaeocave System, South Africa|journal=PeerJ|volume=4|page=e1941|pmid=27114884|pmc=4841245|doi=10.7717/peerj.1941 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
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