Editing Osaka (section)

== Economy ==
{{Main|Hanshin Industrial Region|Keihanshin industrial region}}

[[File:Osaka umeda06s3200.jpg|thumb|upright|A street in Umeda, Osaka]]
The gross city product of Osaka in fiscal year 2004 was ¥21.3&nbsp;trillion, an increase of 1.2% over the previous year. The figure accounts for about 55% of the total output in the Osaka Prefecture and 26.5% in the Kinki region. In 2004, commerce, services, and manufacturing have been the three major industries, accounting for 30%, 26%, and 11% of the total, respectively. The per capita income in the city was about ¥3.3&nbsp;million, 10% higher than that of the Osaka Prefecture.<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:大阪市データネット 市民経済計算 |trans-title=Osaka City Datanet: Osaka City Economy|language=ja|url=http://www.city.osaka.jp/keikakuchousei/toukei/E000/Ea00/Ea00.html|access-date=March 25, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061207175629/http://www.city.osaka.jp/keikakuchousei/toukei/E000/Ea00/Ea00.html|archive-date=December 7, 2006}}</ref> [[MasterCard]] Worldwide reported that Osaka ranks 19th among the world's leading cities and plays an important role in the global economy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mastercard.com/us/company/en/insights/pdfs/2008/MCWW_WCoC-Report_2008.pdf|title=Mastercard - Global Leading Company in Payment Solutions Offering Credit, Debit, Prepaid Cards & More|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624211344/http://www.mastercard.com/us/company/en/insights/pdfs/2008/MCWW_WCoC-Report_2008.pdf|archive-date=June 24, 2008}}</ref> Osaka's GDP per capita (Nominal) was $59,958.($1=\120.13)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.city.osaka.lg.jp/toshikeikaku/cmsfiles/contents/0000410/410210/gaiyou2016-6.pdf |title=Osaka GDP |access-date=August 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822145454/http://www.city.osaka.lg.jp/toshikeikaku/cmsfiles/contents/0000410/410210/gaiyou2016-6.pdf |archive-date=August 22, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.city.osaka.lg.jp/toshikeikaku/page/0000379310.html|title=平成27年国勢調査＜人口等基本集計結果（大阪市）＞|website=大阪市|accessdate=February 23, 2025}}</ref> However, by 2020, Osaka ranked as the 5th most expensive city due to flatlining consumer prices and government subsidies of public transportation.<ref name="forbes-2020">{{cite web |title=The World's 10 Most Expensive Cities To Live In |work=Forbes |date=November 18, 2020 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesphillipps/2020/11/18/these-are-the-worlds-10-most-expensive-cities-to-live-in/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109090225/https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesphillipps/2020/11/18/these-are-the-worlds-10-most-expensive-cities-to-live-in/ |archive-date=January 9, 2021 |access-date=January 9, 2021 }}</ref>

[[File:Osaka-Securities-Exchange-01.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Osaka Exchange]] in the Kitahama district of Osaka]]
Historically, Osaka was the center of commerce in Japan, especially in the middle and pre-modern ages. [[Nomura Securities]], the first brokerage firm in Japan, was founded in the city in 1925, and Osaka still houses a leading futures exchange. Many major companies have since moved their main offices to Tokyo. However, several major companies, such as [[Panasonic]], [[Sharp Corporation|Sharp]], and [[Sanyo]], are still headquartered in Osaka. Recently, the city began a program, headed by mayor Junichi Seki, to attract domestic and foreign investment.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/business/20061228TDY16003.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070103015657/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/business/20061228TDY16003.htm |archive-date=January 3, 2007 |title=Osaka aims to stem exodus of firms to Tokyo |access-date=June 1, 2016 }}</ref> In the 2017 [[Global Financial Centres Index]], Osaka was ranked as having the 15th most competitive financial center in the world and fifth most competitive in Asia (after [[Economy of Singapore#Banking|Singapore]], [[Hong Kong#Financial centre|Hong Kong]], [[Tokyo#Economy|Tokyo]], and [[Shanghai#Economy|Shanghai]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.longfinance.net/images/gfci/gfci_21.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170611000617/http://www.longfinance.net/images/gfci/gfci_21.pdf|archive-date=June 11, 2017|title=The Global Financial Centres Index 21|date=March 2017|publisher=Long Finance}}</ref>

The [[Osaka Securities Exchange]], specializing in derivatives such as [[Nikkei 225]] futures, is based in Osaka. The merger with [[JASDAQ]] will help the Osaka Securities Exchange become the largest exchange in Japan for start-up companies.<ref>{{cite web|author=経営に資する統合的内部監査 |url=http://www.j-cast.com/2008/06/11021633.html |script-title=ja:大証との経営統合、ようやく決着 ジャスダック : J-CASTニュース |publisher=J-cast.com |access-date=May 5, 2010|date=June 11, 2008 }}</ref>

According to global consulting firm Mercer, Osaka was the second [[List of most expensive cities for expatriate employees|most expensive city for expatriate employees]] in the world in 2009. It jumped up nine places from 11th place in 2008 and was the eighth most expensive city in 2007. However, it was not ranked in the top ten places of the list in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mercer.com/costoflivingpr#Top_50 |title=Worldwide Cost of Living survey 2009 |publisher=Mercer.com |date=July 7, 2009 |access-date=May 5, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725215323/http://www.mercer.com/costoflivingpr#Top_50 |archive-date=July 25, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=2013 Cost of Living Rankings|url=http://www.mercer.com/costoflivingpr|work=Mercer|publisher=Mercer LLC|access-date=February 23, 2014|year=2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725215323/http://www.mercer.com/costoflivingpr|archive-date=July 25, 2011}}</ref> The [[Economist Intelligence Unit]] (EIU) ranked Osaka as the second most expensive city in the world in its 2013 Cost of Living study.<ref>{{cite news|title=The world's most expensive cities|url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/datablog/2014/feb/14/most-expensive-cities|access-date=February 23, 2014|newspaper=The Guardian|date=February 14, 2014|author=George Arnett|author2=Chris Michael}}</ref>

===Keihanshin region===
Osaka is part of the [[metropolitan region]] called [[Keihanshin]] (also known as Greater Osaka) in the [[Kansai region]]. The Keihanshin region includes the prefectures of [[Osaka Prefecture|Osaka]], [[Kyoto Prefecture|Kyoto]], [[Hyōgo Prefecture|Hyōgo]] ([[Kobe]]), [[Nara Prefecture|Nara]], [[Shiga Prefecture|Shiga]], [[Wakayama Prefecture|Wakayama]], and [[Sakai, Osaka|Sakai]].<ref name="stats-boj">{{cite web |publisher= Statistics Bureau of Japan |url=https://www.e-stat.go.jp/stat-search/files?page=1&layout=datalist&toukei=00200521&tstat=000001080615&cycle=0&tclass1=000001110216&second=1&second2=1& |title=2015 Census Final Data}}</ref> The Keihanshin region has a population ({{As of|2015|lc=y}}) of 19,303,000 (15% of Japan's population) which covers {{convert|13,228|km2|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="japan2">{{cite web |url=http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/handbook/pdf/2019all.pdf |title=Table 2.10 Population of Three Major Metropolitan Areas |publisher=Statistics Bureau of Japan |page=21|access-date=November 26, 2019}}</ref> It is ranked the second most [[largest Japanese metropolitan areas|urban region in Japan]] after the [[Greater Tokyo area]] and 10th [[List of urban areas by population|largest urban area in the world]].<ref name="japan2"/> Keihanshin has a GDP of approximately $953.9 billion in 2012 (16th largest in the world).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/stats/Economy/GDP|title=Countries Compared by Economy > GDP. International Statistics at NationMaster.com|website=www.nationmaster.com|accessdate=February 23, 2025}}</ref> Osaka-Kobe has a [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] of $681 billion (2015), which is a bit more than [[Paris]] or [[Greater London]].<ref>[https://www.brookings.edu/research/redefining-global-cities/ Brookings Institution report 2015], retrieved August 23, 2015</ref><gallery mode="nolines" widths="220" heights="220">
File:Osaka Metropolitan Employment Area 2015.png|Greater Osaka (without Kyoto) [[Urban Employment Area|Metropolitan Employment Area]]
File:Keihanshin MEAs 2015.png|Keihanshin with [[Osaka Prefecture|Osaka]] (red), [[Kobe Prefecture|Kobe]] (green), and [[Kyoto Prefecture|Kyoto]] (blue)
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