Editing Observational learning (section)

===Rhesus monkey===
Kinnaman (1902) reported that one [[rhesus monkey]] learned to pull a plug from a box with its teeth to obtain food after watching another monkey succeed at this task.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Kinnaman | first1 = A. J. | year = 1902 | title = Mental life of two Macacus rhesus monkeys in captivity | journal = The American Journal of Psychology | volume = 13 | issue = 2| pages = 173–218 | doi=10.2307/1412738| jstor = 1412738 }}</ref>

Fredman (2012) also performed an experiment on observational behavior. In experiment 1, human-raised monkeys observed a familiar human model open a foraging box using a tool in one of two alternate ways: levering or poking. In experiment 2, mother-raised monkeys viewed similar techniques demonstrated by monkey models. A control group in each population saw no model. In both experiments, independent coders detected which technique experimental subjects had seen, thus confirming social learning. Further analyses examined copying at three levels of resolution.

The human-raised monkeys exhibited the greatest learning with the specific tool use technique they saw. Only monkeys who saw the levering model used the lever technique, by contrast with controls and those who witnessed poking. Mother-reared monkeys instead typically ignored the tool and exhibited fidelity at a lower level, tending only to re-create whichever result the model had achieved by either levering or poking.

Nevertheless, this level of social learning was associated with significantly greater levels of success in monkeys witnessing a model than in controls, an effect absent in the human-reared population. Results in both populations are consistent with a process of canalization of the repertoire in the direction of the approach witnessed, producing a narrower, socially shaped behavioral profile than among controls who saw no model.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Fredman | first1 = Tamar | last2 = Whiten | first2 = Andrew | s2cid = 10437237 | year = 2008 | title = Observational Learning from Tool using Models by Human-Reared and Mother-Reared Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus Apella) | journal = Animal Cognition | volume = 11 | issue = 2| pages = 295–309 | doi=10.1007/s10071-007-0117-0| pmid = 17968602 }}</ref>