Editing Norovirus (section)

== History ==
The norovirus was originally named the "Norwalk agent" after [[Norwalk, Ohio]], in the United States, where an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis occurred among children at Bronson Elementary School in November 1968. In 1972, electron microscopy on stored human stool samples identified a virus, which was given the name "Norwalk virus". Numerous outbreaks with similar symptoms have been reported since. The [[cloning]] and sequencing of the Norwalk virus genome showed that these viruses have a genomic organization consistent with viruses belonging to the family [[Caliciviridae]].<ref name="pmid9015097">{{cite book | author = Kapikian AZ  | title = Viral Gastroenteritis | chapter = Overview of viral gastroenteritis | series = Archives of Virology | volume = 12 | pages = 7–19 | year = 1996 | pmid = 9015097 | doi =  10.1007/978-3-7091-6553-9_2| isbn = 978-3-211-82875-5 | doi-access = free }}</ref> The name "norovirus" (''Norovirus'' for the genus) was approved by the [[International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses]] (ICTV) in 2002.<ref>ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.012.0.03. Norovirus. In: ICTVdB—The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA</ref> In 2011, however, a press release and a newsletter were published by ICTV, which strongly encouraged the media, national health authorities, and the scientific community to use the virus name Norwalk virus, rather than the genus name Norovirus when referring to outbreaks of the disease. This was also a public response by ICTV to the request from an individual in Japan to rename the Norovirus genus because of the possibility of negative associations for people in Japan and elsewhere who have the family name "Noro". Before this position of ICTV was made public, ICTV consulted widely with members of the Caliciviridae Study Group and carefully discussed the case.<ref>{{cite web|title=2011 ICTV Newsletter #9, November 2011|url=http://talk.ictvonline.org/files/ictv_documents/m/newsletters/4069.aspx|publisher=ICTV|date=November 14, 2011|access-date=December 23, 2012|archive-date=July 30, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730225245/http://talk.ictvonline.org/files/ictv_documents/m/newsletters/4069.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> 

In addition to "Norwalk agent" and "Norwalk virus", the virus has also been called "Norwalk-like virus", "small, round-structured viruses" (SRSVs), Spencer flu, and "Snow Mountain virus".<ref name="pmid3036438">{{cite book | author = Appleton H | title = Ciba Foundation Symposium 128 – Novel Diarrhoea Viruses | chapter = Small Round Viruses: Classification and Role in Food-Borne Infections | series = Novartis Foundation Symposia | volume = 128 | pages = 108–25 | year = 1987 | pmid = 3036438 | doi =  10.1002/9780470513460.ch7 | isbn = 9780470513460 }}</ref> Common names of the illness caused by noroviruses still in use include "Roskilde illness", "winter vomiting disease",<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Parashar U, Quiroz ES, Mounts AW, Monroe SS, Fankhauser RL, Ando T, Noel JS, Bulens SN, Beard SR, Li JF, Bresee JS, Glass RI |year=2001 |title="Norwalk-Like Viruses". Public Health Consequences and Outbreak Management |journal= MMWR. Recommendations and Reports |volume=50 |issue=RR-9 |pages=1–18 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5009a1.htm |pmid=15580799 |access-date=2017-09-10 |archive-date=2017-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606134739/https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5009a1.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> "winter vomiting bug",<ref name="bbc sussex">{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-kent-16509830 | title=Norovirus shuts wards and unit at three Sussex hospitals | work=[[BBC News]] | date=January 11, 2012 | access-date=January 20, 2012 | archive-date=January 15, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115055919/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-kent-16509830 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="bbc norfolk">{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-norfolk-16531668 | title=Norovirus at Norfolk hospitals: Disruption continues | work=BBC News | date=January 12, 2012 | access-date=January 20, 2012 | archive-date=January 20, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120172326/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-norfolk-16531668 | url-status=live }}</ref> "viral gastroenteritis", and "acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis".<ref name="pmid16968608"/>