Editing Nineveh (section)

===Later history===
The earliest piece of written evidence for the persistence of Nineveh as a settlement is possibly the [[Cyrus Cylinder]] of 539/538 BC, but the reading of this is disputed. If correctly read as Nineveh, it indicates that [[Cyrus the Great]] restored the temple of Ishtar at Nineveh and probably encouraged resettlement. A number of cuneiform [[Elamite language|Elamite]] tablets have been found at Nineveh. They probably date from the time of the revival of [[Elam]] in the century following the collapse of Assyria. The Hebrew [[Book of Jonah]], which was most likely written between 793 and 758 BC, is an account of the city's repentance and God's mercy which prevented destruction.<ref name=SD/>

Archaeologically, there is evidence of repairs at the temple of Nabu after 612&nbsp;BC and for the continued use of Sennacherib's palace. There is evidence of syncretic [[Hellenistic]] cults. A statue of [[Hermes]] has been found and a Greek inscription attached to a shrine of the [[Sebitti]]. A statue of [[Heracles|Herakles Epitrapezios]] dated to the 2nd century AD has also been found.<ref name=SD/>

The city was actively resettled under the [[Seleucid Empire]].<ref name=PAW>Peter Webb, "Nineveh and Mosul", in O. Nicholason (ed.), ''[[The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity]]'' (Oxford University Press, 2018), vol. 2, p. 1078.</ref> There is evidence of more changes in Sennacherib's palace under the [[Parthian Empire]]. The Parthians also established a municipal mint at Nineveh coining in bronze.<ref name=SD/> According to [[Tacitus]], in AD 50 [[Meherdates]], a claimant to the Parthian throne with Roman support, took Nineveh.<ref name=JER>J. E. Reade (1998), "Greco-Parthian Nineveh", ''Iraq'' '''60''': 65–83.</ref>

By [[Late Antiquity]], Nineveh was restricted to the east bank of the Tigris and the west bank was uninhabited. Under the [[Sasanian Empire]], Nineveh was not an administrative centre. By the 2nd century AD there were [[Christians]] present and by 554 it was a [[Adiabene (East Syriac ecclesiastical province)|bishopric]] of the [[Church of the East]]. King [[Khosrow II]] (591–628) built a fortress on the west bank, and two Christian monasteries were constructed around 570 and 595. This growing settlement was not called [[Mosul]] until after the [[Early Muslim conquests|Arab conquests]]. It may have been called Hesnā ʿEbrāyē (Jews' Fort).<ref name=PAW/>

In 627, the city was the site of the [[Battle of Nineveh (627)|Battle of Nineveh]] between the [[Byzantine Empire|Eastern Roman Empire]] and the Sasanians. In 641, it was [[Muslim conquest of Persia|conquered by the Arabs]], who built a [[mosque]] on the west bank and turned it into an administrative centre. Under the [[Umayyad dynasty]], Mosul eclipsed Nineveh, which was reduced to a Christian suburb with limited new construction. By the 13th century, Nineveh was mostly ruins and was subsequently absorbed into Mosul. A church was converted into [[Islamic sites of Mosul|a Muslim shrine]] to the prophet [[Jonah]], which continued to attract pilgrims until [[Fall of Mosul|its destruction by ISIL in 2014]].<ref name=PAW/> In late Ottoman times, the ashlar masonry of the North Palace of Ashurbanipal was quarried to make for the pilons of the Old Bridge over the Tigris.<ref>N. Marchetti, R. M. Mohammed, C. Putzolu, J. E. Reade, M. Valeri (2023). ''The Ottoman Bridge of Mosul: survey and history of an endangered heritage'' (MAIOP 2023:1) Ante Quem and Department of History and Cultures - University of Bologna, Bologna [doi: 10.12877/maiop202301], downloadable at www.orientlab.net/pubs.</ref> The modern city of Mosul is occasionally referred to as Nineveh, such as during the operation to [[Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)|retake Mosul]] in 2016–17.<ref>{{cite news |title=العبادي يطلق على عمليات تحرير نينوى تسمية "قادمون يا نينوى" أمن |url=http://www.alsumaria.tv/news/182977/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%89-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A/ar |publisher=[[Al Sumaria]] |date=17 October 2016 |language=ar |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019170941/http://www.alsumaria.tv/news/182977/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%89-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A/ar |archive-date=19 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="atlantic1020">{{cite news |last1=Winter |first1=Charlie |title=How ISIS Is Spinning the Mosul Battle |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/10/isis-mosul-propaganda-iraq-kurds-peshmerga/504854/ |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=20 October 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020230854/http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/10/isis-mosul-propaganda-iraq-kurds-peshmerga/504854/ |archive-date=20 October 2016}}</ref>