Editing Navarre (section)

=== Linguistic division of the territory and legal consequences ===

[[File:Navarra - Zonificacion linguistica.png|thumb|Distribution by municipality of the Basque-speaking zone, mixed-speaking zone and the non-Basque speaking zone through the modification of 2017.]]
According to the 1978 Spanish constitution and the [[:es:Amejoramiento de Navarra|Amejoramiento del Fuero]], a Navarrese law establishing the basic institutional make-up of the chartered community of Navarre, Spanish is the official language of Navarre, while the [[Basque language]] is also the official language in Basque-Speaking areas. Unlike any other statutes in the Spanish autonomous communities owning a regional language, the Amejoramiento omits citing Basque as a specific language of its people or its consideration as part of the Navarrese heritage.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Vasconavarros |last=Esparza Zabalegi |first=Jose Mari |publisher=Txalaparta |year=2012 |isbn=9788415313-41-0 |location=Tafalla |pages=50–51}}</ref>

[[:es:Ley Foral del Euskera|The Statutory Law of Basque of 1986]] defined the above areas, creating the [[:es:Ley Foral del Euskera#Zona vascófona|''Basque-speaking zone'']], an area in northern Navarre in which Basque is the co-official language along with Spanish. This law recognizes Spanish and Basque as Navarre's ''lenguas propias'' (i.e. 'native languages'), according to the Foral Law 18/1986 of Basque.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |url=http://www.lexnavarra.navarra.es/detalle.asp?r=1822 |title=LEY FORAL 18/1986, DE 15 DE DICIEMBRE DEL EUSKERA |trans-title=Foral Law 18/1986 |issue=154 |date=17 December 1986 |access-date=24 February 2020 |language=es}}</ref> This law divides Navarre into three linguistically distinct areas, a ''[[:es:Ley Foral del Euskera#Zona vascófona|Basque-speaking zone]]'', where Basque is the dominant language, a ''[[:es:Ley Foral del Euskera#Zona vascófona|Mixed-speaking zone]]'', where Basque and Spanish are both dominant, and a ''[[:es:Ley Foral del Euskera#Zona vascófona|Non-Basque speaking zone]]'', where Spanish is the dominant language. In the latter, the public entities of Navarre are required to use only Spanish, but in the mixed area the use of Basque is also confined to certain position. The area of the municipalities belonging to the Basque-speaking and Mixed Basque and Spanish-speaking zones are the following:<ref name=":0" />

* '''Basque-speaking zone:''' [[:es:Abaurrea Alta|Abaurrea Alta]], [[:es:Abaurrea Baja|Abaurrea Baja]], [[Alsasua]], [[:es:Anué|Anué]], [[:es:Araiz|Araiz]], [[:es:Aranaz|Aranaz]], [[Arano, Navarre|Arano]], [[:es:Araquil|Araquil]], [[Arbizu]], [[Areso]], [[:es:Aria (Navarra)|Aria]], [[:es:Arive|Arive]], [[Arruazu]], [[:es:Bacáicoa|Bacáicoa]], [[:es:Basaburúa Mayor|Basaburúa Mayor]], [[Baztan, Navarre|Baztán]], [[:es:Beinza-Labayen|Beinza-Labayen]], [[:es:Bértiz-Arana|Bertiz-Arana]], [[Betelu]], [[Burguete]], [[:es:Ciordia|Ciordia]], [[:es:Areso|Donamaría]], [[:es:Echalar|Echalar]], [[:es:Echarri-Aranaz|Echarri Aranaz]], [[Elgorriaga]], [[:es:Erasun|Erasun]], [[:es:Ergoyena|Ergoyena]], [[Erro, Navarre|Erro]], [[Esteríbar]], [[:es:Ezcurra|Ezcurra]], [[:es:Garayoa|Garayoa]], [[Garralda]], [[:es:Goizueta (Navarra)|Goizueta]], [[:es:Huarte-Araquil|Huarte-Araquil]], [[:es:Imoz|Imoz]], [[Irañeta]], [[Ituren]], [[Iturmendi]], [[Lacunza]], [[Lantz, Navarre|Lantz]], [[:es:Larráun|Larráun]], [[:es:Leiza|Leiza]], [[Lesaca]], [[:es:Oiz (Navarra)|Oiz]], [[:es:Olazagutía|Olazagutía]], [[:es:Orbaiceta|Orbaiceta]], [[Orbara]], [[Roncesvalles]], [[Saldías, Navarre|Saldías]], [[:es:Santesteban|Santesteban]], [[:es:Sumbilla|Sumbilla]], [[Ulzama]], [[Urdax]], [[:es:Urdiáin|Urdiáin]], [[:es:Urroz de Santesteban|Urroz de Santesteban]], [[Valcarlos]], [[Vera de Bidasoa]], [[:es:Villanueva de Aézcoa|Villanueva de Aézcoa]], [[:es:Yanci|Yanci]], [[Zubieta]] and [[Zugarramurdi]].

Later, two more municipalities would be added that came from the Basque-speaking zone: [[:es:Lecumberri|Lecumberri]] and [[:es:Irurzun|Irurzun]].

* '''Mixed-speaking zone:''' [[Abárzuza]], [[Ansoáin]], [[Aoiz]], [[:es:Arce (Navarra)|Arce]], [[Atez]], [[Barañáin]], [[Burgui]], [[Burlada]], [[Ciriza]], [[Cendea de Cizur]], [[Echarri]], [[Echauri]], [[Valle de Egüés]], [[Ezcároz]], [[Esparza de Salazar]], [[Estella-Lizarra|Estella]], [[Ezcabarte]], [[Garde, Spain|Garde]], [[Goñi, Navarre|Goñi]], [[:es:Güesa|Güesa]], [[Guesálaz]], [[Huarte]], [[Isaba]], [[:es:Iza (Navarra)|Iza]], [[:es:Izalzu|Izalzu]], [[Jaurrieta]], [[Juslapeña]], [[Lezáun|Lezáu]], [[Lizoáin]], [[Ochagavía]], [[Odieta]], [[Oláibar]], [[Olza, Spain|Olza]], [[:es:Ollo (Navarra)|Ollo]], [[Oronz]], [[Oroz-Betelu]], [[Pamplona]], [[Puente la Reina]], [[Roncal – Erronkari|Roncal]], [[:es:Salinas de Oro|Salinas de Oro]], [[:es:Sarriés|Sarriés]], [[Urzainqui]], [[:es:Uztárroz|Uztárroz]], [[Vidángoz]], [[Vidaurreta]], [[Villava]], [[Yerri]], [[Zabalza]] and [[Zizur Mayor]].

As a consequence of the constitution of new municipalities, other municipalities would be added: [[Berrioplano]], [[Berriozar]], [[Orcoyen]] and [[Zizur Mayor]]. Moreover, in 2010 a legal modification granted four municipalities of [[Cuenca de Pamplona]] the power of incorporating into the ''Mixed-speaking zone'' if the absolute majority decided to be incorporated into the ''Mixed-speaking zone''. [[Aranguren]], [[Belascoáin]] and [[Galar, Spain|Galar]] decided to be incorporated into the ''Mixed-speaking zone'' while [[Noáin]] decided to remain in the ''Basque-speaking zone''.

One modification to the law implemented in June 2017 allowed municipalities from the ''Non-Basque speaking zone'' to become a part of the ''mixed zone 44'' ([[Abáigar]], [[:es:Adiós (Navarra)|Adiós]], [[Aibar]], [[Allín]], [[Améscoa Baja]], [[Ancín]], [[Añorbe]], [[Aranarache]], [[Arellano]], [[Artazu]], [[Bargota]], [[Beriáin]], [[Biurrun-Olcoz]], [[Cabredo]], [[Dicastillo]], [[Enériz]], [[Eulate]], [[:es:Gallués|Gallués]], [[Garínoain]], [[Izagaondoa]], [[Larraona]], [[Leoz]], [[Lerga]], [[:es:Lónguida|Lónguida]], [[Mendigorría]], [[Metauten]], [[Mirafuentes]], [[Murieta]], [[:es:Nazar (Navarra)|Nazar]], [[Obanos]], [[Olite]], [[Oteiza]], [[Pueyo, Navarre|Pueyo]], [[Sangüesa]], [[Tafalla]], [[:es:Tiebas|Tiebas]], [[Tirapu]], [[Unzué]], [[Ujué]], [[Urraúl Bajo]], [[:es:Urroz-Villa|Urroz-Villa]], [[Villatuerta]], [[Cirauqui]] and [[Zúñiga, Navarre|Zúñiga]]) and for [[Atez]] to pass from the ''Mixed-speaking zone'' to the ''Basque-speaking zone.''<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.naiz.eus/es/actualidad/noticia/20170622/44-localidades-navarras-ganan-derechos-para-el-euskara-al-pasar-a-la-zona-mixta |title=44 Navarran Localities Win Rights for Basque language through 'mixed zone' |date=22 June 2017 |access-date=24 February 2020 |work=Naiz |language=es}}</ref>

* '''Non-Basque-speaking zone:''' This zone is composed of the remaining municipalities that are located predominantly towards the Southeast of the foral community where the Basque language is not commonly spoken by the population. However, more people have been speaking Basque in these communities and in present day, there are municipalities in which 10% of their inhabitants are bilingual or semi-bilingual in Basque and Spanish such as in [[Tafalla]], [[Sangüesa]] and [[Lumbier]]. In comparison, in Tafalla or Sanguesa's population those that speak or understand Basque well are 5% of the population or 10% en [[Lumbier]]. In other localities with [[ikastola]]s such as in [[:es:Fontellas (Navarra)|Fontellas]], [[Lodosa]] and [[Viana, Spain|Viana]] the bilingual population is around 2% and 8%, while those that speak or understand Basque well are 1% in [[:es:Fontellas (Navarra)|Fontellas]], 2% in [[Lodosa]] and 5% in [[Viana, Spain|Viana]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cfnavarra.es/estadistica/confindex.asp?i=Informaci%F3n+Estad%EDstica&p=seleccion.asp&d=agregados/poblacion/censos_padrones/censo_2001/indice_infor_esta.asp?clase=pobmunicipio |work=Institute for Statistics of Navarra |title=Censo de poblacion. Población y demografía. Cifras de población |access-date=24 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930075839/http://www.cfnavarra.es/estadistica/confindex.asp?i=Informaci%F3n+Estad%EDstica&p=seleccion.asp&d=agregados%2Fpoblacion%2Fcensos_padrones%2Fcenso_2001%2Findice_infor_esta.asp%3Fclase%3Dpobmunicipio |archive-date=30 September 2007 |language=es |url-status=live }}</ref> Since 2006-2007 the schools that teach Basque in the ''Non-Basque speaking zone'' are assisted by the Department of Education of the government of Navarre.<ref>{{Cite news |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927205800/http://www.noticiasdenavarra.com/ediciones/2006/11/15/sociedad/navarra/d15nav6.736246.php |newspaper=Diario de Noticias de Navarra |date=15 November 2006 |access-date=24 February 2020 |archive-date=27 September 2007 |title=El Consejo Escolar da su visto bueno final a la legalización de todas las ikastolas de Navarra |first=Jesús |last=Iribarren |language=Es |url=http://www.noticiasdenavarra.com/ediciones/2006/11/15/sociedad/navarra/d15nav6.736246.php}}</ref>