Editing Nautilus (section)

==  Conservation status and human use ==
Nautilus are collected or fished for sale as live animals or to carve the shells for souvenirs and collectibles, not for just the shape of their shells, but also the nacreous inner shell layer, which is used as a [[pearl]] substitute.<ref name="RBoZ">{{Cite journal |last1=Nijman |first1=Vincent |last2=Lee |first2=Paige Biqi |date=December 2016 |title=Trade in nautilus and other large marine molluscs as ornaments and decorations in Bali, Indonesia |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311466511 |journal= Raffles Bulletin of Zoology |volume=64 |pages=368–373 |via= ResearchGate}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=De Angelis |first=Patricia |year=2012 |title=Assessing the impact of international trade on chambered nautilus|journal=Geobios |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=5–11 |via=Elsevier Science Direct |doi=10.1016/j.geobios.2011.11.005 |bibcode=2012Geobi..45....5D }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Freitas |first1=B. |last2=Krishnasamy |first2=K. |title=An Investigation into the Trade of Nautilus |url=https://www.traffic.org/publications/reports/an-investigation-into-the-trade-of-nautilus/ |year=2016 |location=Washington DC, USA |journal=TRAFFIC Report |publisher=TRAFFIC Network / World Wildlife Fund }}</ref> In [[Samoa]], nautilus shells decorate the forehead band of a traditional headdress called [[Culture of Samoa#Dress|''tuiga'']].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tuiga: a Samoan ceremonial headdress |publisher=Museum of New Zealand |url=https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/topic/10595 |access-date=Aug 23, 2023 }}</ref> Nautilus shells were popular items in the [[Renaissance]] and [[Baroque]] [[cabinet of curiosities]] and were often mounted by [[goldsmith]]s on a thin stem to make extravagant [[nautilus shell cups]].

The low [[fecundity]], late maturity, long gestation period and long life-span of nautiluses suggest that these species are vulnerable to overexploitation and demand for the ornamental shell is causing population declines.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Dunstan|first1=Andrew|last2=Bradshaw|first2=Corey J. A.|last3=Marshall|first3=Justin|date=2011-02-10|title=Nautilus at risk – Estimating population size and demography of ''Nautilus pompilius''|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=6|issue=2|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0016716|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3037370|pmid=21347360|page=e16716|bibcode=2011PLoSO...616716D|doi-access=free}}</ref> The threats from trade in these shells has led to countries such as Indonesia legally protecting the chambered nautilus with fines of up to US$8,500 and/or 5 years in prison for trading in this species. Despite their legal protection, these shells were reported to be openly sold at tourist areas in Bali as of 2014.<ref name="RBoZ" /> The continued trade of these animals has led to a call for increased protection<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/extinction-countdown/nautilus-protection/|title=Nautilus Finally Moves toward Endangered Species Protection|last=Platt|first=John|website=Scientific American}}</ref> and in 2016 all species in Family Nautilidae<ref name="cites">{{cite web|url=https://cites.org/sites/default/files/eng/cop/17/prop/060216/E-CoP17-Prop-48%20Rev.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118111839/https://cites.org/sites/default/files/eng/cop/17/prop/060216/E-CoP17-Prop-48%20Rev.pdf |archive-date=2017-01-18 |url-status=live|title=Inclusion of the Family Nautilidae|author1=Fiji|author2=India|author3=Palau|author4=the United States of America|year=2016|publisher=CITES|quote=because  all  species  are  being  proposed  for  listing,  this  proposal  seeks  to  list  the Family Nautilidae in Appendix II.}}</ref> were added to [[CITES Appendix II]], regulating international trade.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fws.gov/le/pdf/12-21-2016-COP-17-Changes.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228203239/https://www.fws.gov/le/pdf/12-21-2016-COP-17-Changes.pdf |archive-date=2016-12-28 |url-status=live|title=Notice to the Wildlife Import/Export Community}}</ref><ref name="sa">{{cite magazine|url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/extinction-countdown/cites-cop17-wrapup/|title=Great News for Rhinos, Pangolins, Parrots, Sharks and Chambered Nautilus|last=Platt|first=John R.|date=2016-10-05|magazine=Scientific American|access-date=2017-01-15|quote=The chambered nautilus—victim of intense overharvesting for their beautiful shells—has been added to CITES Appendix II, which means all trade will now take place under a permit system, allowing the industry to be monitored for sustainability.}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Berlín KGM nautilus.JPG|Baroque ''nautilus cup'' of Aleksander Kęsowski, abbot of [[Oliwa]], 1643–1667<ref name=artinpl/>
File:Nautilus shell carved and painted C19th Poldi Pezzoli Museum.jpg|Nautilus shell carved and painted with fanciful scenes of human figures and animals (spider, dragonfly, dog, butterfly, sawfly, fly), bronze pendant mount, nineteenth century. [[Museo Poldi Pezzoli|Poldi Pezzoli Museum]], Milan
File:Nautilus cup in the form of a chicken.jpg|A nautilus shell in the form of a chicken, circa 1550
</gallery>