Editing Native American gaming (section)

==Impact on Native American economics==
{{Main|Impact of Native American gaming}}

Native American gaming has, in some instances, changed the face of [[Economics of gambling|tribal economies]], but it has also proven to be very ineffective in other situations. Although tribal victories over the governmental and cultural oppression in the 1950s yielded a dynamic transformation, economic success fell short in comparison.{{sfn|Wilkinson|2005|p=329}} Unemployment was down and personal income had increased, but only a handful of tribes had made economic changes. Their strides were spotty and fluctuated greatly from each Native reservation<!-- statistics -->. This was happening because, for most tribes, their lands were not economically productive, infrastructure was poor, and they were far away from prospering markets of large populations. In order to address the issue of poverty, Native tribes were required to fuel some type of economic development. Natives sold some of their tribal land to prospecting non-Natives in order to stimulate economic growth, but tribal gaming has proved to be the single largest source of income in the Native community. However, the United States government intervened in tribal affairs throughout the rise of Native gaming.

Many tribal governments have seen substantial improvements in their ability to provide public services to their members, such as building schools, improving infrastructure, and shoring up the loss of native traditions. Tribal gaming operations have not been without controversy, however. A small number of tribes have been able to distribute large per-capita payments, generating considerable public attention. Additionally, the national expansion of Native gaming has led to a practice critics call ''reservation shopping''.<ref>[http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2006/05/17/EDGDOIJKNT1.DTL "A big casino bet"] ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'' (17 May 2006)</ref> This term describes tribes that, with the backing of casino investors, attempt to locate a casino off their reservation, usually near a large urban center. However, although authorized by the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act, only three "off-reservation" casinos have been built to date.