Editing Mongolian Armed Forces (section)

== Personnel ==

=== Military education ===
In October 1943, the [[Damdin Sükhbaatar|Sükhbaatar]] Officers' School was opened to train personnel of the Mongolian Army in accordance with the experience of the Red Army during the Second World War.<ref name="autogenerated3">История Монгольской Народной Республики. / редколл., гл. ред. А. П. Окладников, Ш. Бира. 3-е изд., пер. и доп. М., «Наука», издательство восточной литературы, 1983. стр. 440</ref> The [[National Defense University (Mongolia)|National Defense University]] serves as the main educational institution of the armed forces. The NDU is composed of the following education institutions: Defense Management Academy, Defense Research Institute,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mids.gov.mn/index.php/mn/centers/center-of-military-history-studies.html|title=Цэргийн түүх судлалын төв|website=mids.gov.mn}}</ref> Academic Education Institute, Military Institute, [[Military Music College of Mongolia|Military Music College]], NCO College. In 1994, the MNDU maintained a [[Border security|border protection]] faculty, which would later be expanded to establish the Border Troops Institute and what would later become the [[University of Internal Affairs of Mongolia|Law Enforcement University of Mongolia]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://english.leu.gov.mn/page/3494.shtml?sel=1637&subsel=7004| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170605200051/http://english.leu.gov.mn/page/3494.shtml?sel=1637&subsel=7004| archive-date = 5 June 2017| title = History of The Law Enforcement University {{!}} Хууль сахиулахын их сургууль {{!}} Law Enforcement University of Mongolia}}</ref>

=== Conscription ===
The legal basis of conscription is the Universal Military Service Act. Men are conscripted between the ages of 18 and 25 for a one-year tour of duty.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mongolia Military service age and obligation - Military|url=https://www.indexmundi.com/mongolia/military_service_age_and_obligation.html|access-date=2 June 2021|website=www.indexmundi.com|language=en}}</ref> Mongolian men receive their conscription notices through their local administrative unit.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Refugees|first=United Nations High Commissioner for|title=Refworld {{!}} Mongolia: The military draft, including draft age, method of recruitment, and penalties for evasion|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6ad3444.html|access-date=2 June 2021|website=Refworld|language=en}}</ref> Reserve service is still required up until the age of 45.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mongolia|url=https://wri-irg.org/en/programmes/world_survey/reports/Mongolia|access-date=3 June 2021|website=War Resisters' International|language=en}}</ref>

=== Women in the Armed Forces ===
More than 20 percent of the total personnel of the Armed Forces are women, who work mainly in communications, logistics and medical sectors. In addition, female members of the Armed Forces have been active in UN peacekeeping operations. Major N. Nyamjargal was the first female member of the Armed Forces to serve as a UN-mandated military observer in Western Sahara in 2007. A total of 12 women have served in the Western Sahara and Sierra Leone.<ref>{{Cite web|last=gogo.mn|title=Батлан хамгаалахын сайд зэвсэгт хүчний шилдэг 88 эмэгтэй цэргийн албан хаагчдад хүндэтгэл үзүүллээ|url=https://gogo.mn/r/50612?i=|access-date=2 June 2021|website=gogo.mn|language=mn}}</ref>

Policies in recent years have been aimed at making female military service more equitable. Most women are assigned duties in the kitchen facilities and the barracks, as they are subject to many gender inequalities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Батлан хамгаалах салбарт жендерийн талаар баримтлах бодлого батлах тухай|url=https://www.gender.gov.mn/uploads/legal/2020-01-20%20A-18%20%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%20%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%20%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%20%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD%20%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%20%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%20%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%20%D1%82%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9.pdf}}</ref>

In 2022, [[Bolor Ganbold]] became the first woman to attain the rank of brigadier general in the Armed Forces. She had previously been one of the first women to enlist in 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lkhaajav |first=Bolor |date=10 August 2022 |title=Interview With Bolor Ganbold, Mongolia's First Female General |url=https://thediplomat.com/2022/08/interview-with-bolor-ganbold-mongolias-first-female-general/ |access-date=6 April 2023 |website=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Military courts ===
On 16 March 1921, a joint meeting of the Provisional People's Government and the members of the Central Committee of the MPRP decided to establish a "Military Judicial Office under the Ministry of Defense". In 1928, the government approved the “Charter of the Red Army Judiciary” and the Military Judiciary established under the Ministry of Justice. This was disbanded a year later and the Military College of the Supreme Court was established. It was composed of the Khovd Regional Military Court, the Eastern Military Court, and the Military Courts of the 1st Cavalry Division (Ulaanbaatar). The military court were referred to as "special courts" at the time and dealt with criminal and civil cases involving military personnel. In 1929, the Provisional Court and the General Military Court were dissolved, and the Military College of the Supreme Court was subordinated to the three former military units. The Military College was dissolved in 1954, and was re-established in 1971.

In connection with the change in the staffing, the parliament ordered in 1993 the abolition of the All-Military Special Court and the Special Military Court of First Instance, transferring the assets used by the Military Courts to the General Council of the Judiciary. All activities of the [[Military Court]] system is supervised by the Military Collegium.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Тусгай шүүхүүд|url=http://www.supremecourt.mn/c/294|access-date=1 June 2021|website=www.supremecourt.mn}}</ref>