Editing Marshall Plan (section)

==Loans and grants==
The Marshall Plan, just as [[GARIOA]], consisted of aid both in the form of grants and in the form of loans.{{sfn|Guinnane|2005|p=17}} Out of the total, US$1.2 billion were loan-aid.{{sfn|Agnew|Entrikin|2004|p=110}}

Ireland which received US$146.2 million through the Marshall Plan, received US$128.2 million as loans, and the remaining US$18 million as grants.{{sfn|Bartlett|2018|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=KwFWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA626 626]}} By 1969 the Irish Marshall Plan debt, which was still being repaid, amounted to 31 million pounds, out of a total Irish foreign debt of 50 million pounds.{{sfn|Lydon|1998|p=391}} The UK received US$385 million of its Marshall Plan aid in the form of loans.{{sfn|Agnew|Entrikin|2004|p=110}} Unconnected to the Marshall Plan the UK also received direct loans from the US amounting to US$4.6 billion.{{sfn|Agnew|Entrikin|2004|p=110}} The proportion of Marshall Plan loans versus Marshall Plan grants was roughly 15% to 85% for both the UK and France.{{sfn|Guinnane|2005|p=28}}

Germany, which up until the 1953 [[Agreement on German External Debts|debt agreement]] had to work on the assumption that all the Marshall Plan aid was to be repaid, spent its funds very carefully. Payment for Marshall Plan goods, "counterpart funds", were administered by the [[KfW|Reconstruction Credit Institute]], which used the funds for loans inside Germany. In the 1953 debt agreement, the amount of Marshall Plan aid that Germany was to repay was reduced to less than US$1 billion.{{sfn|Reconstruction of Germany|2021|ps=: {{lang|de|Im Londoner Schuldenabkommen wurde jedoch festgelegt, dass Deutschland von den erhaltenen Mitteln lediglich knapp 1 Mrd.}} US-Dollar zurückzahlen musste. [In the London debt agreement, it was stipulated that Germany only had to repay just under US $ 1 billion of the funds received.]}} This made the proportion of loans versus grants to Germany similar to that of France and the UK.{{sfn|Guinnane|2005|p=28}} The final German loan repayment was made in 1971.{{sfn|Biesinger|2006|p=556}} Since Germany chose to repay the aid debt out of the German Federal budget, leaving the German ERP fund intact, the fund was able to continue its reconstruction work. By 1996 it had accumulated a value of 23 billion Deutsche Mark.{{sfn|Hardach|2004|p=306}}

{|class="wikitable"
|+ Economic aid from 3 April 1948 to 30 June 1952 {{nowrap|(in millions of dollars of the time)}}
|-
! Countries !! Total (m$.) !! Grants (m$.) !! Loans (m$.)
|-
|Austria ||677.8||677.8||/
|-
|Belgium-Luxembourg ||559.3||491.3||68.0{{efn|The total of the loan includes $65 million for Belgium and $3 million for Luxembourg: it is impossible to define the respective grants among the two countries.}}
|-
|Denmark ||273.0||239.7||33.3
|-
|France ||2,713.6||2,488.0||255.6
|-
|Germany (FRG) ||1,390.6||1,173.7||216.9{{efn|This includes a first loan of $16.9 million, to which were added $200 million representing a proportionally divided portion of grants converted into loans according to an agreement signed on 27 February 1953.}}
|-
|Greece ||706.7||706.7||/
|-
|Iceland ||29.3||24.0||5.3
|-
|Ireland ||147.5||19.3||128.2
|-
|Italy (incl. Trieste) ||1,208.8||1,113.2||95.6
|-
|Netherlands (*Indonesia){{efn|Aid of the Marshall Plan to the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) extended to the Netherlands before the transfer of sovereignty on 30 December 1949. Total aids for the Dutch East Indies amounted to $101.4 million ($84.2 million in grants, $17.2 million in loans).}} ||1,083.5||916.8||166.7
|-
|Norway ||255.3||216.1||39.2
|-
|Portugal ||51.2||15.1||36.1
|-
|Sweden ||107.3||86.9||20.4
|-
|Turkey ||225.1||140.1||85.0
|-
|United Kingdom ||3,189.8||2,895.0||384.8
|-
|Regional ||407.0{{efn|This includes the US contribution to the funds of the European Payments Union, $361.4 million; general freight account $33.5 million; European authorisations for technical assistance (multi-countries or regional) $12.1 million.}}||407.0||/
|-
|Total for all countries ||13,325.8||11,820.7||1,505.1
|}
{{notelist}}