Editing Macedonian language (section)

===Alphabet===
{{Main|Macedonian alphabet|Macedonian braille}}
The official Macedonian alphabet was codified on 5 May 1945 by the Presidium of the Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia (abbreviated as ASNOM in Macedonian) headed by [[Blaže Koneski]].<ref name="javno">{{cite web|url=http://javno.mk/reshenie-na-asnom-72-godini-od-usvojuvaneto-na-makedonskata-azbuka/|title=Со решение на АСНОМ: 72 години од усвојувањето на македонската азбука|trans-title=With the declaration of ASNOM: 72 years of the adoption of the Macedonian alphabet|work=Javno|date=5 May 2017|language=mk|access-date=15 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320001638/http://javno.mk/reshenie-na-asnom-72-godini-od-usvojuvaneto-na-makedonskata-azbuka/|archive-date=20 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> There are several letters that are specific for the Macedonian Cyrillic script, namely [[ѓ]], [[ќ]], [[ѕ]], [[џ]], [[љ]] and [[њ]],{{sfn|Usikova|2005|page=105–106}} with the last three letters being borrowed from the Serbo-Croatian phonetic alphabet adapted by Serbian linguist [[Vuk Stefanović Karadžić]], while the grapheme ѕ has an equivalent in the Church Slavonic alphabet.{{sfn|Friedman|1993|p=251}} Letters љ and њ were previously used by Macedonian writer Krste Petkov Misirkov written as л' and н'.<ref name="javno" /> The Macedonian alphabet also uses the apostrophe sign (') as a sound. It is used to mark the syllabic /r̩/, at the beginning of the word ({{lang|mk|'рж}} - rye, {{lang|mk|'рбет}} - spine) and to represent the phoneme schwa in some literary words or Turkish loanwords ({{lang|mk|'к'смет}} - fortune). А [[grave accent]] (`) [[diacritic]] is used over three vowels in orthography: {{lang|mk|ѝ}} - her, different from {{lang|mk|и}} - and, {{lang|mk|нè}} - us, different from {{lang|mk|не}} - no and {{lang|mk|сѐ}} - everything different from {{lang|mk|сe}} - short reflexive pronoun accompanying reflexive verbs.{{sfn|Usikova|2005|page=105–106}} The standard Macedonian alphabet contains 31 letters. The following table provides the upper and lower case forms of the Macedonian alphabet, along with the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] value for each letter:

{| cellpadding="10" style="margin:auto; text-align:center;"
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|align="left"|''Cyrillic''<br />''[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]''||[[A (Cyrillic)|А а]]<br />{{IPA|/a/}}||[[Be (Cyrillic)|Б б]]<br />{{IPA|/b/}}||[[Ve (Cyrillic)|В в]]<br />{{IPA|/v/}}||[[Ge (Cyrillic)|Г г]]<br />{{IPA|/ɡ/}}||[[De (Cyrillic)|Д д]]<br />{{IPA|/d/}}||[[Gje|Ѓ ѓ]]<br />{{IPA|/ɟ/}}||[[Ye (Cyrillic)|Е е]]<br />{{IPA|/ɛ/}}||[[Zhe (Cyrillic)|Ж ж]]<br />{{IPA|/ʒ/}}||[[Ze (Cyrillic)|З з]]<br />{{IPA|/z/}}||[[Dze|Ѕ ѕ]]<br />{{IPA|/d͡z/}}||[[I (Cyrillic)|И и]]<br />{{IPA|/i/}}
|-
|align="left"|''Cyrillic''<br />''[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]''||[[Je (Cyrillic)|Ј ј]]<br />{{IPA|/j/}}||[[Ka (Cyrillic)|К к]]<br />{{IPA|/k/}}||[[El (Cyrillic)|Л л]]<br />{{IPA|/ɫ, l/}}<ref name="l">{{angbr|л}} is pronounced {{IPA|/l/}} before {{IPA|/e, i, j/}}, and {{IPA|/ɫ/}} otherwise. {{angbr|љ}} is always pronounced {{IPA|/l/}} but is not used before {{IPA|/e, i, j/}}. Cf. how the final љ in биљби'''''љ''''' {{nowrap|{{IPA|/ˈbilbil/}}}} "nightingale" is changed to a л in the plural form биљби'''''л'''''и {{nowrap|{{IPA|/ˈbilbili/}}}}.</ref>||[[Lje|Љ љ]]<br />{{IPA|/l/}}<ref name="l"/>||[[Em (Cyrillic)|М м]]<br />{{IPA|/m/}}||[[En (Cyrillic)|Н н]]<br />{{IPA|/n/}}||[[Nje|Њ њ]]<br />{{IPA|/ɲ/}}||[[O (Cyrillic)|О о]]<br />{{IPA|/ɔ/}}||[[Pe (Cyrillic)|П п]]<br />{{IPA|/p/}}||[[Er (Cyrillic)|Р р]]<br />{{IPA|/r/}}||[[Es (Cyrillic)|С с]]<br />{{IPA|/s/}}
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|align="left"|''Cyrillic''<br />''[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]''||[[Te (Cyrillic)|Т т]]<br />{{IPA|/t/}}||[[Kje|Ќ ќ]]<br />{{IPA|/c/}}||[[U (Cyrillic)|У у]]<br />{{IPA|/u/}}||[[Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф ф]]<br />{{IPA|/f/}}||[[Kha (Cyrillic)|Х х]]<br />{{IPA|/x/}}||[[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц ц]]<br />{{IPA|/t͡s/}}||[[Che (Cyrillic)|Ч ч]]<br />{{IPA|/t͡ʃ/}}||[[Dzhe|Џ џ]]<br />{{IPA|/d͡ʒ/}}||[[Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш ш]]<br />{{IPA|/ʃ/}}
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